631 research outputs found
Corrigendum: Planning for livelihoods under hydrosocial uncertainty in periurban Pune(Front. Water, (2022), 4, (831464), 10.3389/frwa.2022.831464)
No full textIn the published article, there was an error in the author list, and authors “Sharlene L. Gomes, Shreya Chakraborty, and Leon M. Hermans” were erroneously excluded. The corrected author list appears below. “Sarah Luft Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institute for Geography, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Sharlene L. Gomes Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs, Institute of Public Administration, Leiden University, The Hague, Netherlands Shreya Chakraborty South Asia Consortium for Interdisciplinary Water Resources Studies, Hyderabad, India Leon M. Hermans Faculty of Technology, Policy, and Management, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands and Land andWaterManagement Department, IHE Delft Institute forWater Education, Delft, Netherlands.Policy Analysi
An account of the Kātantra grammar in Kashmir
No full textThis paper is ultimately going to tell a story of the limitation of scholarly activities in Kashmir in the field of Sanskrit grammar— how a multifaceted Sanskrit linguistic tradition of Kashmir came to be limited to a particular school of grammar called the Kātantra, which was, in many respects, inferior to certain other grammatical traditions, the foremost of which is the Paninian grammar. There is no doubt that the Paninian school is the longest, most influential, elaborate, sophisticated and elegant Sanskrit grammar. Some of the most important authors from this school were from Kashmir where this grammar had been flourishing since no later than the seventh century. The Kātantra grammar began its journey most probably in South India sometime between the first and the fourth century and it came to Kashmir sometime around the tenth century. Throughout the medieval period when Sanskrit scholarship was declining in Kashmir, the Kātantra tradition kept its presence in the valley and in the twentieth century, just before when indigenous Sanskrit learning finally disappeared from Kashmir, the Kātantra grammar was almost exclusively taught in the traditional Sanskrit schools of Srinagar and the Paninian grammar was no longer in vogue. In this paper, I want to give an account of the development of the grammatical school of Kātantra in Kashmir which survived through the decline of Sanskrit scholarship and ultimately replaced the other grammars, most importantly the Paninian one, which had maintained an impressive presence in the valley.Presented on March 18, 2021, at the annual conference of History, Classics, and Religious Studies Graduate Students' Association, University of Alberta
সংস্কৃত সাহিত্য ও তার পাঠ-সমালোচনা
No full textA presentation on Sanskrit literature and its textual criticism in BengaliInvited talk at Gurudas College Library and Internal Quality Assurance Cell (IQAC), Calcutta, West Bengal, India on May 17, 202
Various Traditional Enumerations and Classifications of Sanskrit Speech Sounds: A Comparative Analysis
No full textSanskrit speech sounds (varṇas) are enumerated and classified in traditional Sanskrit grammatical works which are divided into three different genres of texts i.e. the śikṣās, the prātiśākhyas and the vyākaraṇas. (I exclude the Tantric accounts on varṇas, the main orientation of which has nothing to do with a pure phonological study.) In general, the prātiśākhya and the śikṣā texts deal with different branches of Vedic schools in which dialectal variations of Vedic Sanskrit are often notable, whereas the vyākaraṇa texts, as we find them today, are mostly engaged in describing the standard form of language which is often referred to as ‘Classical Sanskrit’. The enumeration and classification of Sanskrit speech sounds differ remarkably not only in the śikṣā and the prātiśākhya texts but also in vyākaraṇa texts of different schools. In these texts, not only the number of the speech sounds but also their classification and representation are diverse. A survey of these grammatical works reveals that there are two major schemes of traditional enumerations and classifications of Sanskrit speech sounds. The early grammatical works follow either of these schemes. But in some later works of Sanskrit grammar, we find a gradual blend of them. This paper tries to document the methods of enumerating, classifying and representing the speech sounds in these Sanskrit grammatical works, compare these accounts with one another and find the reasons behind such variations in certain cases
সংস্কৃত ব্যাকরণ সাহিত্যের ইতিহাস
No full textA presentation on the history of Sanskrit grammar in Bengali.Invited talk at the Department of Sanskrit, Barasat Government College, West Bengal, India on September 12, 202
wujastyk/Rasendramangala: First release
No full textA pre-release in order to trigger the generation of a DOI at Zenod
Electronic characterization of mass-selected acyclic, polycyclic and oxygenated hydrocarbons in neon matrices
No full textInterstellar chemistry embarked with the discovery of CH, CH+, and CN in extraterrestrial clouds. Presently, a large number of molecules have been identified in different galactic environments mostly by millimeter-wave and infrared spectroscopy. Molecular complexity and the spectral features dramatically depend on the particle density and the temperature of the astronomical region where they reside. Hence, spectroscopic analysis of extraterrestrial molecules has a valid mean to probe the physical and chemical condition and history of galactic media.
Life on Earth is carbon based and surprisingly, similar tendency has been found in interstellar molecules. Almost 80 percent of detected species contain carbon as a major constituent. Hence, a better characterization of the molecular universe may elucidate the origin of terrestrial life.
Two long standing riddles in molecular astrophysics are the diffuse interstellar absorption lines in the visible and the broad emission features in the mid-infrared. Carbonaceous systems ranging from small acyclic to polycyclic aromatics are considered to be the carriers of these absorption and emission bands. To recognize individual molecules responsible for these transitions, spectroscopic analysis of astrophysically relevant species in the laboratory is needed; comparison studies between astronomical measurements and laboratory spectra are the way for identification. These exotic molecules may be stable in galactic clouds under very cold and low density conditions but are extremely short-lived in the laboratory framework. Therefore, noncontemporary synthesizing and sensitive characterizing methods are required.
The matrix isolation spectroscopy is considered as an outdated-technique after the discovery of laser-based experiments but in combination with theory, it still serves a pivotal role in characterization of transient species. Exotic organics are synthesized in electrical discharge for the respective precursors. The ions of interest are co-deposited with neon on a cold surface (6 K) after mass-selection. Neutrals are generated in the matrix by UV irradiation.
The acyclic unsaturated organics possess very unique structural flexibility. By mass selective deposition of a particular m/z ratio in solid neon, several isomers have been detected. An advantage of the matrix isolation technique is that all possible electronic transitions of trapped species in the experimental measurement range can be recorded at once. Rare gases provide an environment in which the guest-host interactions slightly perturb the experimental band positions as compared to the gas-phase. Still matrix isolated spectrum is a good starting point for high resolution study and thence astrophysical findings.
Moderately intense absorptions are observed both in the visible and UV for C7Hn+/0 and C5Hn+/0, and charged oxygen containing polycarbon chains H2C6O+, HC7O+, and C4O2+ in neon matrices. The structural assignments of the electronic systems have been made on the basis of calculated ground-state stabilities with DFT and MP2 level of theory and computed excitation energies with TD DFT, SAC-CI, and CASPT2 methods. However, some of these ions and radicals have strong possibility to be the carriers of diffuse interstellar bands. The neutral oxygenated hydrocarbons are excluded as the carriers because no transition was detected after irradiation of the matrix. Theory explains that they possess strong transition in the deep UV. In addition, protonated PAHs and their oxygen containing analogs, which are credited for unidentified emission features, have been studied. Strong optical transitions suggest that they could be carriers of diffuse interstellar bands as well. A key species in combustion chemistry likely responsible for PAHs formation via mass-growth processes, fulvenallenyl radical, has been electronically characterized.
A part of this dissertation is devoted to physical organic chemistry. Reaction intermediates are too short-lived to probe. Nevertheless, identification of these species helps to infer a probable synthetic mechanism. Vibrationally resolved electronic spectra of fluorenylium, phenalenylium and fluorenyl radical have been measured in a neon matrix.
This electronic transition database of transient molecules created in the thesis can be used for their further gas-phase analysis and in situ detection in reaction or combustion systems
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