207 research outputs found
Robust statistics over Riemannian manifolds for computer vision
No full textThe nonlinear nature of many compute vision tasks involves analysis over curved nonlinear spaces embedded in higher dimensional Euclidean spaces. Such spaces are known as manifolds and can be studied using the theory of differential geometry. In this thesis we develop two algorithms which can be applied over manifolds.
The nonlinear mean shift algorithm is a generalization of the original mean shift, a popular feature space analysis method for vector spaces. Nonlinear mean shift can be applied to any Riemannian manifold and is provably convergent to the local maxima of an appropriate kernel density. This algorithm is used for motion segmentation with different motion models and for the filtering of complex image data.
The projection based M-estimator is a robust regression algorithm which does not require a user supplied estimate of the scale, the level of noise corrupting the inliers. We build on the connections between kernel density estimation and robust M-estimators and develop data driven rules for scale estimation. The method can be generalized to handle heteroscedastic data and subspace estimation. The results of using pbM for affine motion estimation, fundamental matrix estimation and multibody factorization are presented.
A new sensor fusion method which can handle heteroscedastic data and incomplete estimates of parameters is also discussed. The method is used to combine image based pose estimates with inertial sensors.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical references (p. 137-144)
Journal Self-Citation VIII: An IS Researcher in the Dual Worlds of Author-Reader and Author-Institution
No full textThis paper responds to the question of whether it is ethical for a journal editor to request an author to cite papers from a journal to which one is submitting an article. To craft a response to this question, two sets of relationships are explored. The first set is an author-reader relationship, and the second set is an author-institution or community relationship. In these dual relationships, the author is considered to be an IS researcher who publishes and disseminates knowledge through the channel of research journals. The reason for articulating these twofold relationships is to go beyond the common belief that the author is the sole and autonomous source of knowledge creation and distribution. We posit that: (1) an author cannot exist isolated from the reader, and (2) an author exists only as a part of an institutional system which opens and at the same time constrains an author’s knowledge production. In other words, an author is destined to create knowledge within the constrained system. For that very reason, it is important to understand the author as a function of conditional discourse of a specific institution. We conclude that editors’ requests for an author to cite papers from a journal to which one is submitting an article is ethically critical to: (1) build a good author-reader relationship, and (2) produce rich and plural knowledge which is “good” for advancing learning in the global community
Prevalence And Observed Patterns Of Radiculopathy In Low Back Pain
No full textBackground: Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent condition that affects a significant portion of the population, often leading to disability and decreased quality of life. Among the various etiologies of LBP, radiculopathy—nerve root compression or irritation—emerges as a notable cause. This study aims to assess the prevalence of radiculopathy in patients presenting with low back pain and to delineate the common patterns observed in clinical practice.
Methods: A observational study was conducted involving 500 patients who presented with low back pain to outpatient clinics over a one-year period. Patients were evaluated using a combination of clinical assessments, imaging studies (MRI and CT scans), and electrodiagnostic tests to confirm the presence of radiculopathy. Data on demographics, symptomatology, and clinical findings were collected and analyzed.
Results: Among the 200 patients, 140 (36%) were diagnosed with radiculopathy. The most commonly affected nerve roots were L5 (45%) and S1 (35%). The typical presentation included radiating leg pain, numbness, and muscle weakness corresponding to the affected nerve root distribution. MRI findings revealed that disc herniation (70%) was the most frequent cause of radiculopathy, followed by spinal stenosis (20%) and spondylolisthesis (10%). The prevalence was higher in males (60%) compared to females (40%), and the average age of patients with radiculopathy was 45 years.
Conclusion: Radiculopathy is a significant contributor to low back pain, affecting over one-third of patients in this study. L5 and S1 nerve roots are most frequently involved, with disc herniation being the predominant cause. Understanding these patterns is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and effective management of radiculopathy in LBP patients
Development of an ultra-wide band-based real-time vibrator tip locating system for intelligent concrete consolidation
No full textProper consolidation of concrete is critical to the long-term strength of concrete bridge structures. Vibration is a commonly used method to make concrete flow able and to remove the excessive entrapped air, therefore contributing to proper concrete consolidation. To introduce vibrations to freshly placed concrete, various tools such as internal vibrators are widely used in the construction industry. Producing a dense concrete without segregation with these tools requires an experienced vibrator operator. Inexperienced vibrator operators tend to over-consolidate or under-consolidate concrete. Many of these quality problems have their roots in the lack of quality control methods that can provide real-time feedback on the quality of concrete consolidation to vibrator operators. The proposed research involves the development of a real-time wireless sensing-based internal vibrator tracking system to support intelligent concrete consolidation operations. Specifically, the research team will explore the use of an Ultra Wideband (UWB) tracking system to realize precise localization of internal vibrators. Multiple tags will be attached to each vibrator for deriving its precise poses. Computer programs will be developed to track tags, to infer vibrator poses, and to visualize operators' vibration effort in real-time. Once a vibrator is tracked, the vibration location, time, and depth associated with this vibrator will be displayed on a computer in real-time. A vibrator operator can leverage such information to visualize the distribution of his vibration effort, and spot areas that may need mitigation actions. The new concrete consolidation tool will allow contractors to proactively address concrete consolidation issues, a problem common to many concrete construction projects.M.S.Includes bibliographical referencesby Raghav Krishnamoorth
Impact Of Gender Difference In Behavioural Component, Musculoskeletal Pain, Psychosocial Factors And Sleep Apnea In Elderly Individual.
No full textAim: Examines the multifaceted impact of gender differences on various health aspects in the elderly population. Specifically, it delves into the Behavioral components, musculoskeletal pain, psychosocial factors, and sleep apnea, shedding light on how these factors interplay with gender and influence overall health outcomes in older adults.
Methodology: Cross-sectional Study Collect data from a single point in time to examine associations between gender differences and health outcomes in elderly individuals.
Result: There was statistical significance difference between old age female and old male in geriatric pain measure scale with p<0.05.
Conclusion:Gender variations in behavior may influence how individuals experience and cope with musculoskeletal pain and psychosocial factors, highlighting the importance of personalized treatment approache
Multisensory models for human spatial orientation including threshold effects
No full textThesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 69-71).E-Observer, a stand-alone executable version of the Observer model developed by Newman and Oman (2009), was developed. The complicated structure of the Observer model and its parameters made this conversion challenging. The resulting Windows PC executable uses a publically available library (MATLAB component runtime v7.1 0). E-Observer parameters are limited to the preset choices in Observer. A hypothetical example of the use of E-Observer to analyze an aircraft accident radar trajectory data is discussed. Like many other dynamic models for human spatial orientation, Observer does not incorporate perception thresholds, which limits its use to relatively large stimuli and hence cannot be used for investigation of certain accidents and flight simulator design, which involve sub-threshold motions. The literature on motion thresholds is reviewed which suggests that vestibular perception thresholds are not mechanical thresholds, but are due to signal-in-noise phenomenon. As a fIrst step towards incorporating thresholds in Observer, modeling yaw perception thresholds was attempted and two detection models are proposed - a Matched Filter model and a Two-Threshold model. The Matched Filter detector model matches the noisy perception with a noise-free stimulus template and evaluates how much they correlate. Based on the correlation, the model fInally decides if the signal is present or not. However, this model applies only in cases where the subject is in an experiment, and knows the expected stimulus waveform. Grabherr et al (2008) proposed a high pass filter model for direction recognition thresholds based on their recognition data. This thesis explores an alternative modeling approach assuming that the CNS samples the angular velocity estimate and its derivative, and applies thresholds to both. Whether the motion stimulus is detected or not depends on how many of these samples cross the threshold level. The performance of both models was compared against the Grabherr et. al. data It was found that both models are able to approximate the 79.4% detection criterion for thresholds determined in Grabherr's study. However, the two threshold model does not assume that the subject knows the stimulus waveform. Supported by Project SA1302 by the National Space Biomedical Research Institute through NASA NCC 9-58.by Raghav Harini Venkatesan.S.M
"Correlation Analysis Of Exercise Tests: Sensitivity And Specificity In Coronary Bypass Patients"
No full textAbstract Background: About 60,000 coronary bypass surgeries are done annually in India(Kaul & Bhatia 2010). . The objective of this study is to correlate the Specificity and sensitivity of 6 min walk test, Harvard step test and 12 min cooper test in patients undergone Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting surgery.
Methods: A total of 50 post‑ CABG recovered patients were recruited in the study. The research took place at Santosh Hospital in Ghaziabad, following approval from the Institute’s Ethical Committee.all the patient were asked to perform all three exercise tests and Spo2, blood pressure and heart rate was measured using oximetere and sphygmomanometer. Vo2max was calculated us in formulaes (1) in 6 min walk test, (2) in Harvard step test, and (3) in cooper 12 min test
Results: The significant results were seen in the following variables on the basis of comparison and correlation of three tests (6 min walk, 12 min copper, Harvard step) with resting SpO2 (%) scores,lowest spo2(%) ,resting HR (bpm) ,peak heart rate, vo2max by dependent t test and by Karl Pearson\u27s correlation coefficient
Assessment Of Anxiety, Depression, And Quality Of Life In Patients With Bell\u27s Palsy: A Comprehensive Review
No full textAims Bell\u27s palsy, characterized by facial paralysis, can have a significant impact on patients\u27 psychological well-being and quality of life. aims to provide a thorough assessment of anxiety, depression, and quality of life in individuals diagnosed with Bell\u27s palsy.
Methodology: This study will employ a cross-sectional observational design to assess anxiety, depression, and quality of life among patients diagnosed with Bell\u27s palsy. anxiety, depression, and "quality of life." Inclusion criteria comprised studies that assessed anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients.
Result: All studies were conducted with populations with PFP. A total of 2,362 patients were evaluated, with a mean age of 45.7 years (range, 14–81 years). In nine studies, the sample consisted of more women than men.
Conclusion: Assessing anxiety, depression, and quality of life in patients with Bell\u27s palsy is crucial for providing comprehensive care that addresses both the physical and psychological aspects of the condition
Effectiveness Of Pelvic Tilt Training Vs Core Strengthening For Chronic Lumbar Radiating Pain.
No full textBackground Lumbosacral radiculopathy is a term used to describe a pain syndrome caused by compression or irritation of nerve roots in the lower back. It can be caused by lumbar disc herniation, degeneration of the spinal vertebra, and narrowing of the foraman from which the nerves exit the spinal canal. Introduction Lumbar radiculopathy (LR) is a condition characterized by motor, reflex, and/or sensory changes, such as radicular pain, paresthesia, or numbness in the lower limb which may be provoked by spinal posture(s) and/or movement(s).Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) is a stretching technique utilized to improve muscle elasticity and has been shown to have a positive effect on active and passive range of motions.The core is defined as an anatomical box which consists of several muscle groups, such as the rectus abdominis at the front, the internal and external obliques on the lateral sides, the erector spinae, lumbar multifidus, and quadratus lumborum at the back, the diaphragm at the upper edge and the pelvic floor, and the iliac psoas at the bottom.Need Of Study To find out of investigation that PNF is more effective than core strengthening in lumbar radiculopathy in term of pain, ROM, flexibility and functionally.Methods thirty participants between the ages of 18 to 65 years diagnosed with unilateral chronic lumbar radiculopathy were randomly allocated into two groups (group a-pelvic PNF group B core strengthening). Group A performed pelvic PNF (anterior depression-posterior elevation, anterior elevation-posterior depression) with hot pack. Group B performed core strengthening. Group A (pelvic PNF) Repetition and Sets Are Formed according To the Patient Repetition Maximum (10RM) Fatigue Level and Condition. Group B perfomed core stability exercises given for 2 weeks with 10 repetitions and the next 2 weeks as home program with 20 repetitions for each exercise with hot pack. Both the group was treated for 4 weeks. Pre and post intervention measurements for pain intensity using NPRS, for flexibility using modified schober score and for functional performance using modified oswestry low back pain disability questionnaire.Results this study showed that, the PELVIC PNF highly significant improvement in all the outcome measures as compared to core strengthening when pre and post treatment parameters were compared after 4 weeks in NPRS, MODIFED OSWESTRYLOW BACK PAIN DISABILITY QUESTIONNAIRE, MODIFIED SCHOBER SCORE. P value is less than <0.05.Conclusion When we compare both the results. The PELVIC PNF exercise is better for chronic lumbar radiculopathy as compared to core strengthening exercise
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