599 research outputs found
Can Horticulture be a Success Story For India?
No full textIndia is the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world after China. Since the 1980s, the international trade in fruits and vegetables has expanded rapidly. The number of commodities as well as the number of varieties produced and traded have increased manifold during the past 25 years. There is an overall increase in the demand for fruits and vegetables for consumption both in the fresh and the processed form. Also there is a wide diversification in production pattern globally. Income in this sector is increasing which is indeed driving the supply. In spite of being one of the largest producers of fruits and vegetables in the world, the export competitiveness among the Indian producers remains low. But with new marketing initiatives, the post-harvest losses and the wastage due to poor infrastructure facilities, such as storage and transportation, have been reduced to a considerable extent. Yet a lot needs to be done in this sector. In an effort to overcome some of the problems associated with this sector, the case study of the successful SAFAL Market is presented in the paper. The study has observed a shift in cropping pattern in favour of horticulture in India in the past one-and-a-half decades. Analysis of the economic feasibility of this shift away from cereals to fruits and vegetable shows that its economically viable and beneficial to shift towards horticulture production, but this diversification needs to be planned in a systematic manner. Certain strategies and policies are also suggested in this regards. The study confirms the changing consumption patterns and diversification, along with the outlook for the next 15-20 years in the light of shortage of supply to increased domestic demand. The major exports from India are mango, grapes, orange, apple, banana, mosambi, onion, potato, tomato and pumpkins. The major share of Indias exports of fresh fruits and vegetables go to Bangladesh, Nepal, UAE, UK and Malaysia. The supply constraints, yield gaps and huge logistic costs affect our competitive and comparative advantage in world trade market. In this study the nominal protection coefficient and revealed comparative advantage are computed to check on the existing status. Study also identifies the potential states for the fruits and vegetables, for which India is globally competitive and has comparative advantage in production. These states should be targeted for enhancing the export potential of the country. The potential competing countries are also identified. Lessons from other developing countries focus on the growth of the horticulture sector through increased participation of small and marginal farmers in an organized manner and farmers being trained with entrepreneurial skills.Horticulture, Cost Benefit Ratio, competitiveness, Comparative Advantage, SAFAL Market
บรรยายพิเศษเรื่อง Management and Corporate Social Responsibility
No full textบัณฑิตวิทยาลัยบริหารธุรกิจ มหาวิทยาลัยอัสสัมชัญ จัดบรรยายพิเศษเรื่อง Management and Corporate Social Responsibility โดย Mr. Deepak Mittal, Director of Mittal Consultants and Enterprises Co.,Ltd. เมื่อวันที่ 24 กันยายน 2551 ณ ห้องเกียรติคุณ อาคารเฉลิมรัชมงคล วิทยาเขตหัวหมาก มหาวิทยาลัยอัสสัมชัญ โดยมีนักศึกษาบัณฑิตวิทยาลัยบริหารธุรกิจ ร่วมฟังการบรรยา
Responsible ML Datasets
No full textIn this study, we discuss the importance of Responsible Machine Learning Datasets through the lens of fairness, privacy, and regulatory compliance and present a large audit of Computer Vision datasets. The audit is conducted through evaluation of the proposed responsible rubric. After surveying over 100 datasets, our detailed analysis of 60 distinct datasets highlights a universal susceptibility to fairness, privacy, and regulatory compliance issues.
Please cite the paper below.
Mittal, Surbhi, Kartik Thakral, Richa Singh, Mayank Vatsa, Tamar Glaser, Cristian Canton Ferrer, Tal Hassner. "On Responsible Machine Learning Datasets Emphasizing Fairness Privacy and Regulatory Norms with Examples in Biometrics and Healthcare." Nature Machine Intelligence (2024).
@article{mittal2024responsible,
title={On Responsible Machine Learning Datasets Emphasizing Fairness Privacy and Regulatory Norms with Examples in Biometrics and Healthcare},
author={Mittal, Surbhi, and Thakral, Kartik and Singh, Richa and Vatsa, Mayank and Glaser, Tamar and Ferrer, Cristian Canton and Hassner, Tal},
journal={Nature Machine Intelligence},
year={2024},
publisher={Nature Publishing Group UK London}
Responsible ML Datasets
No full textIn this study, we discuss the importance of Responsible Machine Learning Datasets through the lens of fairness, privacy, and regulatory compliance and present a large audit of Computer Vision datasets. The audit is conducted through evaluation of the proposed responsible rubric. After surveying over 100 datasets, our detailed analysis of 60 distinct datasets highlights a universal susceptibility to fairness, privacy, and regulatory compliance issues.
Please cite the paper below.
Mittal, Surbhi, Kartik Thakral, Richa Singh, Mayank Vatsa, Tamar Glaser, Cristian Canton Ferrer, Tal Hassner. "On Responsible Machine Learning Datasets Emphasizing Fairness Privacy and Regulatory Norms with Examples in Biometrics and Healthcare." Nature Machine Intelligence (2024).
@article{mittal2024responsible,
title={On Responsible Machine Learning Datasets Emphasizing Fairness Privacy and Regulatory Norms with Examples in Biometrics and Healthcare},
author={Mittal, Surbhi, and Thakral, Kartik and Singh, Richa and Vatsa, Mayank and Glaser, Tamar and Ferrer, Cristian Canton and Hassner, Tal},
journal={Nature Machine Intelligence},
year={2024},
publisher={Nature Publishing Group UK London}
Measuring viability of pacs during reform period in Maharashtra: A case study
No full textThe study showed a reduction in the operational efficiency of the selected PACS during the post-economic reform period as against the pre-economic reform period. The operational efficiency was measured in respect of various liquidity ratio, profitability ratios and financial leverage ratios. Not only the selected societies showed a decline in their current ratio, rate of return on assets, return on owner’s equity and Marginal Efficiency of Capital (MEC) but also showed higher dependency on lender’s capital for their finances. This dependency was seen to be higher in the case of ‘A’ graded society. Nonetheless, ‘A’ graded society showed an improvement in its permanent capital. Further, as for ‘A’ graded society, there was not much improvement in the net worth, and in fact the share of net worth in its total liability had declined in the post-economic reform period. The declining share of net worth had caused an increase in debt-asset ratio of this society during the latter period. The return on owner’s equity of the selected societies were seen to fall sharply during the post-economic reform period. Since the return on owner’s equity is a function of as to how efficiently a firm manages its assets, the net profit margin on sales and the degree of financial leverage, a reduction in this equity could, therefore, be considered as a sign of reduction in the efficiency of the societies in managing their assets and liabilities, and also income and expenditure pattern during the latter period as against the former period. The reform initiatives could be held responsible for this moribund state of cooperative credit sector. Due to unfavourable policy framework, much of the rural finances extended through cooperatives are now going into investment rather then extending loans to farming sector. The need of the hour is not to rely on the financial sector reforms but tackling issues such as sustainability of and viability of these credit cooperatives.Viability Measurement Reform Period
Rural Cooperative Marketing Management Efficiency in the Era of Globalization: A Synthesis of Case Studies of F&V Marketing
No full textThe present study, carried out in the state of Maharashtra during 2003-04, has its foci on the cooperative leadership and characteristics in cooperative success and failure, especially with respect to fruit marketing societies operating in Maharashtra. The study concentrates on two societies dealing with the marketing of banana in the state of Maharashtra – one showing success (NCFSS) and the other failure (KGFSS) due to positive and negative leadership qualities and characteristics associated with societies. Due to strong financial position, the NCFSS showed autonomy/independence in its functioning. This society had shown perfect knowledge about the market forces and its business activities in accordance to the new domestic as well as global market environment. The KGFSS showed poor grasp either in terms of studying the market forces or shown inefficiency because of its own internal drawbacks in terms of managing the society or its own personal interests involved in the functioning of the society. The KGFSS is unable to generate allies for lobbing to safeguard as well as promoting its own interests and the interests of its members, whereas NCFSS is quite successful in such lobbing and promotional interest related activities. Since a significant number of fruit marketing societies operating in Maharashtra have shown a falling trend in their amount of extension of loan and its recovery, and also in respect of higher amount of losses in proportion to profit, efforts should be made to rectify these deficiencies in the functioning of these societies dealing with the marketing of high value crops. Some remedial measures and strategies framed or initiated by these marketing societies, particularly in respect of recovery of their loan advances, will certainly improve the efficiency and functioning of these societies in the future. Government support in this respect will have a catalytic effect in improving the overall efficacy and efficiency, as well as functioningRural Cooperative Marketing Management Efficiency and Era of Globalization
Approximation of Signals (Functions) by Trigonometric Polynomials in Lp-Norm
No full textMittal and Rhoades (1999, 2000) and Mittal et al. (2011) have initiated a study of error estimates En(f) through
trigonometric-Fourier approximation (tfa) for the situations in which the summability matrix T does not have monotone rows. In this paper, the first author continues the work in the direction for T to be a Np-matrix. We extend two theorems on summability matrix Np of Deger et al. (2012) where they have extended two theorems of Chandra (2002) using Cλ-method obtained by deleting a set of rows from Cesàro matrix C1. Our theorems also generalize two theorems of Leindler (2005) to Np-matrix which in turn generalize the result of Chandra (2002) and Quade (1937)
Load- and velocity-dependent friction behavior of cow milk fat
No full textMilk fat can influence the friction between oral surfaces and simultaneously contribute to the sensory perception of food products. The aim of this study was to gain insight into the friction mechanism of low- and high-fat cow milk. Here, we have measured the friction of milk (0.3% and 3.5% fat) between sliding hydrophobic (soft) surfaces, at different loads and velocity decay rates, using a pin-on-disk instrument. Results show that friction coefficient of 0.3% low-fat milk and 3.5% high-fat milk was lower than that of water, and the difference was two orders of magnitude in some cases. Low- and high-fat milk show a shear thinning effect; that is, the friction coefficient increases as the sliding velocity is decreased. The friction coefficient of 0.3% fat milk was lower than that of 3.5% fat milk at 1.5 N load, and this behavior reversed as the load was increased to 6.5 N. We hypothesize that this switch is due to a complex interaction between fat molecules and casein in the adsorbed surface layers formed after shear thinning. More adsorbed casein from low-fat milk increases the binding of casein with water molecules (through the hydrophilic tail) to reduce the friction at low load, whereas more adsorbed fat molecules in the case of high-fat milk reduce the friction at high load. Furthermore, as the velocity decay rate is increased from 0.003 to 0.005, low-fat milk still maintains the low friction compared with high-fat milk. This is attributed to casein’s (the hydrophilic tail) ability to quickly recover and restore water molecules at the interface. Overall, the synergistic effect of casein and fat molecules, depending on the fat content in milk, is vital to the friction mechanism. Hopefully, this study will be useful in dairy food product research
Highly scalable solution of incompressible Navier-Stokes equations using the spectral element method with overlapping grids
No full textWe present a highly-flexible Schwarz overlapping framework for simulating turbulent fluid/thermal transport in complex domains. The approach is based on a variant of the Schwarz alternating method in which the solution is advanced in parallel in separate overlapping subdomains. In each domain, the governing equations are discretized with an efficient high-order spectral element method (SEM). At each step, subdomain boundary data are determined by interpolating from the overlapping region of adjacent subdomains. The data are either lagged in time or extrapolated to higher-order temporal accuracy using a novel stabilized predictor-corrector algorithm. Matrix stability analysis is used to determine the optimal number of corrector iterations. Stability and accuracy are further improved with an optimal mass flux correction to guarantee mass conservation throughout the domain. The method supports an arbitrary number of subdomains. A new multirate time-stepping scheme is developed (a first for incompressible flow simulations) that allows the underlying equations to be advanced with time-step sizes varying as much as an order-of-magnitude between adjacent domains. All the developments maintain the third-order temporal convergence and exponential convergence of the originating SEM framework. This dissertation also presents a mesh optimizer that has been specifically designed for meshes generated for turbulent flow problems. The optimizer supports surface mesh improvement, which minimizes geometrical approximation errors. The smoother is shown to reduce the computational cost of numerical calculations by as much as 40%. Numerous examples illustrate the effectiveness of these new technologies for analyzing challenging turbulence problems that were previously infeasible.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2021-12-01The student, Ketan Mittal, accepted the attached license on 2019-10-07 at 11:58.The student, Ketan Mittal, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-10-07 at 12:08.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-10-09 at 15:36.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14486 on 2020-02-28 at 17:20:54Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-02T22:12:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PROPPED FRACTURE CONDUCTIVITY
No full textHydraulic fractures act as conduits connecting a wellbore to nanodarcy permeability unconventional reservoirs. Proppants are responsible for enhancing the fracture conductivity and help in maintaining high production rates. Laboratory testing of proppants can help in the systematic evaluation of different factors that can affect proppant performance. Field studies fail to control variables to allow evaluation of proppant performance. This study is focused on the measurement of long-term conductivity of proppant-packs at simulated reservoir temperature and pressure conditions. Various conductivity impairment mechanisms such as proppant crushing, fines migration, embedment, and diagenesis are investigated.
Testing was done using a conductivity cell, which allows simultaneous measurement of fracture compaction and permeability. The proppant-pack performance during compression between metal and shale platens was compared. The proppant filled fracture (concentration: 0.75-3 lb/ft2) is subjected to axial load (5000 psi) to simulate closure stress. Brine (3% NaCl + 0.5% KCl) is flowed through the pack at a constant rate (3 ml/min) at 250°F over an extended duration of time (10-60 days). In this study, Ottawa sand proppant was used between platen faces fabricated from Vaca Muerta and Eagle Ford shales.
In this study, effect of proppant size, time, rock mineralogy, fluid chemistry on proppant performance is evaluated. An attempt is made to decipher the contribution of different damage mechanisms in affecting proppant performance.
Testing between metal platens indicated the reduction in permeability with 20/40 mesh Ottawa sand (~30% over 12 days) was less than that of 60/100 mesh Ottawa sand which suffered a 99% reduction in only 4 days.
Measurements with 20/40 mesh Ottawa sand between shale platens were conducted at 1.5 lb/ft2. Over a duration of 10 days, the Eagle Ford platens proppant-pack exhibits a greater reduction in permeability, in comparison to Vaca Muerta platens. The normalized compaction for Eagle Ford shale platens is 20% more than Vaca Muerta platens, owing to greater proppant embedment. Particle size analysis and SEM images verify proppant crushing, fines migration and embedment as dominant damage mechanisms. These factors are observed to be dependent on the shale being tested. The results suggest a substantial degradation of permeability during the initial 5 days of testing, after which the permeability appears to stabilize. Crushed proppant and dislodged shale surface particles contribute to the fines generated; a greater concentration of fines is observed downstream.
Fracturing jobs involve maintaining a basic pH environment for optimal performance of fluid additives for better proppant placement via control on viscosity. Second study was conducted to compare performance on similar Eagle Ford shale by altering the fluid chemistry (pH: 10.5) to understand the impact on permeability and compaction over time. Over a duration of 20 days, the permeability dropped from 120 darcy to 200 md. After 8 days, the pH: 10 brine permeability was 10 times lower than pH: 7 brine permeability. After 18 days, the fracture width reduced by 90%, indicating a creep behavior. High silica content (>20 ppm) was observed in the outlet brine. The proppant and rock surface were studied under SEM to investigate the role of secondary mineral growth in the drastic reduction of permeability
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