521 research outputs found
Pteroneta Deeleman-Reinhold 2001
No full textPteroneta Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001: 145. Type species. – Pteroneta saltans (Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001). A description of this species is given by Deeleman-Reinhold (2001) based on a male specimen from the Lesser Sunda Island, Sumba [Province], Indonesia. Remarks. – For further diagnosis and description of the genus we refer to the work done by Christa Deeleman-Reinhold (2001). A total of 109 specimens were sampled (60 location points) and studied (26 males and 83 females).Published as part of Versteirt, V., Deeleman-Reinhold, C. & Baert, L., 2008, Description Of New Species Of The Genus Pteroneta (Arachnida: Araneae: Clubionidae) From Papua New Guinea, pp. 307-315 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 56 (2) on page 310, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.450818
Otacilia ambon Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001, sp. n.
No full textOtacilia ambon sp. n. (figs 681-684, map 34) Type locality.— Indonesia, Moluccas, Ambon. Type material.— Holotype ♂, from the type locality, secondary bush on ridge near airport, leaf litter, 12.i. 1995, C.L. Deeleman; paratypes: 2 ♂, 2 ♀, same data; Hila, secondary forest, leaf litter, 1 ♀ 29-31.i. 1995, C.L. Deeleman. Other material. — Moluccas, Banda Island Lonthoir, 1 subadult, former nutmeg plantation, Namulu, in leaf litter, 27.viii.1992, C.L. Deeleman. Diagnosis.— Easily distinguished by the small size, in combination with the colouring of carapace and legs and the large white spot dorsally on the rear part of the abdomen, further by the shape of the large tibial apophysis in the male palp, and the epigyne. Description — MALE. Total length 1.70 mm. Carapace length 0.90 mm, width 0.75 mm, head width 0.30 mm, abdomen 0.85 mm long, 0.60 mm wide. Leg lengths: leg I 3.30 mm (0.90-1.15-0.80-0.45), leg II lost, leg III 2.45 mm (0.65-0.65-0.65-0.50), leg IV 3.50 mm (0.90-1.00-1.00-0.60), palp 0.35-0.20- 0.17-0.40 mm. Carapace brown with dark grey peripheral markings, mouthparts and sternum pale brown; femora dark grey, rest of anterior legs middle brown, posterior legs pale yellow; abdomen with brown and shiny dorsal scutum, sides dark grey, a white patch dorsally in front of spinnerets and no black ring (cf. sinifera), ventral surface and area around spinnerets creamy, with ventral epigastric scutum. AER slightly recurved in dorsal view, eyes of equal size and almost juxtaposed, PER more strongly recurv, middle eyes oval, without black surround, shortest diameter less than half that of PLE, separated by 2- 3x their shortest diameter, juxtaposed to laterals; clypeus almost equal to 1 eye diameter. Spination: all femora without any dorsal spine, femur I with 1-1-1pd spines, tibia I with 6 pair of ventral spines, tibia II with 5 pairs, metatarsus I with 4 pairs, metatarsus II with 1-1-1 pv and 1-1-1 rv. Abdomen with entire dorsal scutum and epigastric scutum, ventrally without ornamentation of long setae. Palp figs 681-682, femur ventrally with swelling, topped with horseshoe mark; tibial apophysis not reaching midpoint of cymbium, sperm duct extended over more then half the tegulum length, tegular apophysis curved, embolus claw-like, with very wide base. FEMALE. Total length 2.25 mm. Carapace length 1.05 mm, width 0.90 mm, head width 0.45 mm; abdomen 1.25 mm long, 0.65 mm wide, epigyne 0.35 mm wide. Leg lengths: leg I 3.65 mm (0.90-1.35-0.95-0.45), leg II 2.90 mm (0.75-1.00-0.70-0.45), leg 2.70 III mm (0.70-0.75-0.75-0.50), leg IV 4.00 mm (1.00-1.20-1.15-0.65), palp 0.40-0.20-0.25- 0.45 mm. Carapace, eyes, mouthparts and legs more yellowish than in male. Abdomen with small dorsal scutum only; venter and dorsum predominantly dark grey with creamy white patch in front of spinnerets. Epigyne as fig. 683, vulva fig. 684. Distribution.— Only known from Ambon and probably Banda islands, 300 km east of Ambon. Etymology.— After the island which has been designated as type locality.Published as part of Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa, 2001, Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanteriidae)., pp. 400-505 in Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders- Family Liocranidae, Leiden, Netherlands :Brill Leiden; Boston; Köln on pages 422-424, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.81470
Koppe sumba Deeleman-Reinhold 2001, sp. n.
No full textKoppe sumba sp. n. (figs 422-425, map 21) Type locality . Indonesia, Lesser Sunda Islands, Sumba. Type material.— Holotype ♂, Sumba, 35 km W of Leva, patch of rainforest, leaf litter, 8.viii. 1992. C.L. Deeleman; paratvpes: 2 ♀, same data; 1 ♀ 35 km W of Waingapu, evergreen forest on slope near spring, leaf litter, lO. viii. 1992. C.L. Deeleman; 2 ♀, Sewa near Waikabubak, Gua (cave) Waikalo, 17.vii.1993, P. Leclerc. Other material. — None. Diagnosis. — Similar to K. montana, Males are distinguished from that species in the palpal tibia by the distal apophysis having a claw -like tip and the conductor ending in a beaklike projection rather than in a coil as in montana, females have the spermathecae much further apart. Dorsal scutum covering almost all of the abdomen in both sexes. Description. — MALE. Total length 3.10 mm. Carapace length 1.60 mm, width 1.10 mm, width head 0.75 mm, width eye region 0.50 mm; abdomen length 1.50 mm, width 1.10 mm. Leg length: leg I 4.75 mm (1.20-1. 75-1.30 -0.50); leg II 3.45 mm (0. 95-1.25 -0.85 0.40); leg III 2.95 mm (0.80-1.00-0.75-0.45); leg IV 4.20 mm (1.10-1. 35-1.20 -0.55), palp 0.60-0.20-0.30- 0.55 mm. Carapace with relatively strong markings, with radiating veins running uninterrupted from groove to border, legs uniform orange, femora slightly darker. Eyes: AME not or barely larger than other eyes, PME 2 d apart, 1 from the laterals. Sternum shiny with very few shallow pits, for the rest as montana. Legs: tibia I with 7pv and 7 rv strong, at base tuberculate spines, tibia II with 6pv and 5rv, metatarsi I with 5pv and 6 rv, metatarsi II with 5pv and 4 rv spines; leg III and IV spineless. Dorsal scutum almost reaching tip of abdomen. Palp (figs 422, 423) femur with row of 4 very thin setae, not on tubercles; remeniscent of montana, see diagnosis for differences. FEMALE. Total length 3.25 mm. Carapace length 1.55 mm, width 1.10 mm, head width 0.80 mm, width eye region 0.55 mm; abdomen length 1.70 mm, width 1.10 mm, epigyne 0.30 mm wide. Leg lengths: leg I 4.45 mm (1.15-1. 65-1.15 -0.50), leg II 3.65 mm (0. 95 1.30 -0.95-0.45), leg III 3.05 mm (0.80-1.00-0.85-0.40), leg IV 4.35 mm (1.10-1. 40-1.25 0.60), palp 0.55-0.20-0.32- 0.55 mm; palpal fe mur with 6 ventral thin spines in a row. Dorsal scutum over 5/6 - 7/8 of abdomen. Epigyne fig. 424, spermathecae wider apart than in montana, visible ducts shorter; vulva fig. 425. Distribution.— Found in several localities on the island Sumba. Etymology. — After the island where this species lives.Published as part of Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa, 2001, Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanteriidae)., pp. 276-296 in Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders- Family Liocranidae, Netherlands :Brill Leiden; Boston; Köln on page 296, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.104815
Taxonomic notes on the crab-spider genera Nyctimus Thorell, 1877 and Zametopina Simon, 1909 (Araneae, Thomisidae) with descriptions of six new species from Southeast Asia
No full textThe crab-spider genera Zametopina Simon, 1909 and Nyctimus Thorell, 1877 remain poorly studied, with significant gaps in their taxonomic understanding. Nyctimus has seen little study since its original description, and species assignments remain uncertain due to a lack of modern diagnostic data. By contrast, Zametopina , historically monotypic, was recently expanded with a second species ( Z. wanliae Lin & Li, 2023) following a redescription of the type species, Z. calceata Simon, 1909. Our study presents a review of these genera, primarily based on specimens collected from tropical Asia by the late Christa L. Deeleman-Reinhold as well as from the EFForTS project in the lowlands of Sumatra, Indonesia. The review includes the description of the following six new species: Nyctimus falcatus Benjamin & Dhiya’ulhaq, sp. nov. (♂), Nyctimus kinabaluensis Benjamin & Dhiya’ulhaq, sp. nov. (♂♀), Nyctimus mutilloides Benjamin & Dhiya’ulhaq, sp. nov. (♂), Nyctimus quadripunctatus Dhiya’ulhaq & Benjamin, sp. nov. (♂♀), Nyctimus rendang Dhiya’ulhaq & Benjamin, sp. nov. (♂♀), and Nyctimus saksang Dhiya’ulhaq & Benjamin, sp. nov. (♂). Nyctimus bistriatus Thorell, 1877 is redescribed and new locality records are provided. Zametopina wanliae is recorded for the first time outside of Vietnam. Further, updated species descriptions of Nyctimus and Zametopina are provided, along with taxonomic clarifications of the genera. This study emphasises the fundamental importance of well-curated, historical collections and ongoing fieldwork in resolving the systematics of lesser-known arachnid lineages
Teutamus vittatus Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001, sp. n.
No full textTeutamus vittatus sp. n. (figs 832-836, map 40) Type locality. — N Borneo, Sabah, Mount Kinabalu National Park at Head Quarters, 1550 m. Type material.— Holotype O’ from the type locality, montane primary forest, leaf litter, l- 5.v. 1991, C.L. Deeleman, A.P.B. Deeleman and Y. Roerink; paratypes: 1 ♂, same data as holotype; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 27.vi. 1979; 1 ♀, 23-25.vii. 1980, P.R. and C.L. Deeleman. Other material. — See under note. Diagnosis.— This is the species in which the abdomen shows the most contrasting pattern: distinct from all other species by the white parallel bands posteriorly on the flanks of the abdomen, and the white abdominal underside sharply set off from the dark grey upper side. Close to T. andrewdavisi, males are distinct from that species by the long slender curved conductor, further in the palpal tibia by the presence of a ventral chitinous ridge and a lobe on the patella. In the female the widely separated elongate spermathecae at the end of long curved ducts and the bursae are clearly visible through the tegument; the openings are central, juxtaposed. Description.— MALE. Total length 4.15 mm. Carapace length 2.25 mm, width 1.40 mm, height 0.70 mm, width head 0.75 mm at level of PER, width eye group 0.57 mm; abdomen length 1.85 mm, width 1.00 mm. Leg length: leg I 7.95 mm (2.00-2.85-2.00-1.10); leg II 6.20 mm (1.60-2.25-1.40-0.95); leg III 5.00 mm (1.35-1.60-1.25-0.80); leg IV 7.05 mm (1.90-2.25-1.90-1.00), palp 0.55-0.25- 0.25-0.65 mm. Colour and sculpture as in the other species; all coxae and femora reddish orange, tibia I and II reddish orange, tips of femora and anterior tibiae and all patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi pale yellow. Abdomen (fig. 832): posteriorly on the flanks a white parallel stripe on a dark grey background, connected through thin line to white pre-anal spot; white abdominal underside sharply set off from dark grey upper side. Spination: femur I 3 pl, tibia I 8 pv, 8rv, tibia II 7 pv, 7rv, metatarsus I 5 pv, 5rv, metatarsus II 5 pv, 4rv. Abdominal dorsal and ventral scutum cut straight posteriorly, distal 4/3 retracted under scutum, in holotype scuta distally not yet developed, and rear part normal. Collar with 3 ridges. Male palp figs 833-834, patella with apical round chitinous lobe, tibia lacking distal apophysis, proximal apophysis triangular, ventrally a chitinous ridge; bulb apically with a long slender U-curved conductor, embolus based apically at tegulum, visible on prolateral side. FEMALE. Length 4.25 mm. Carapace length 2.15 mm, width 1.50 mm, head width 0.85 mm, eye group width 0.65 mm, abdomen length 2.25 mm, width 1.25 mm, epigyne 0.35 mm wide, 0.30 mm long. Leg lengths: leg I 7.65 mm (2.00-3.00-1.65-1.00), leg II 6.05 mm (1.50-2.25-1.40-0.90), leg III 4.90 mm (1.25-1.65-1.15-0.85), leg IV 7.10 mm (1.85- 2.25-1.85-1.15), palp 0.65-0.25-0.40- 0.65 mm. Pattern of abdomen as in male, dorsal surface dark grey, ventral post-genital surface white. Spine formula: femur I 3 pl, tibia I 8 pv, 8 rv, tibia II 8 pv, 7rv, metatarsus I 5-6 pv, 5rv, metatarsus II 4 pv, 5rv. Colour of legs more variable than in male, in two specimens legs all pale yellow except coxae and basal part of femur I and II, in the third specimen as the male, and posterior tibiae also reddish. Epigyne fig. 835, openings central, in five specimens, one (Tuaran) with very large plugs, one specimen with left opening plugged, three others openings unplugged; vulval (fig. 836) openings wide, with hood, narrowing inside, dorsally a U-turn towards into insemination ducts, the latter coiling helicoidally back to surface, then arching laterally towards spermathecae; bursae well visible through tegument at the anterior end of epigyne, distance between bursae variable. Distribution.— W Sabah, National Park Mt. Kinabalu at 1550 m. Etymology.— vittatus (Lat.) = bound with a ribbon on the abdomen. Note.— A male and 3 females from lower down in the Kinabalu National Park at Poring Hot Springs, 600 m, are similar to vittatus, but males differ by the tibial apophysis being more like that in andrewdavisi, with uptilted tip bearing a bushel of stiff setae; females have the epigynal openings juxtaposed, and ducts are arched anterior to bursae. Two females from Tuaran in West Sabah, 450 m, found in the litter of a Hevea plantation, are distinct from vittata by the epigynal openings,which are further apart; the venter and flanks are all white, and lack the black bar which is set off against lateral white stripe.Published as part of Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa, 2001, Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanteriidae)., pp. 400-505 in Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders- Family Liocranidae, Leiden, Netherlands :Brill Leiden; Boston; Köln on pages 487-488, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.81470
Orthobula pura Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001, sp. n.
No full textOrthobula pura sp. n. (figs 712-714, map 36) Type locality.— Indonesia, N Sulawesi, Dumoga Bone National Park. Material examined. — Holotype ♀, Dumoga Bone, Barney’s subcamp (300 m), pitfall trap and leaf litter sifting, 24.x. 1985 and 5.xi. 1985, R. Bosmans (KBIN 0 22, I.G.26977); Dumoga watershed protection area near Doloduo, primary forest, 1 ♀, epigyne lost, from leaf litter, 27-30.vii.1982, P.R. and C.L. Deeleman. Diagnosis.— O. pura is distinguished from all other Orthobula except yaginumai and an undescribed species from Thailand by the colour of the abdomen which is dull grey with rows of ivory round spots radially on the sides and transverse creamy bars on the rear part; furthermore by the sculpture of the carapace: the impressions are very shallow and relatively scarce. The posterior median eyes are smaller than the posterior lateral eyes and oval. The retroventral surface of patella and tibia III and IV and adjacent parts of femur and metatarsus are black. The epigynal openings and the basal knot of bursae are small, close together and near the spermathecae. Description. — Female. Total length 2.20 mm. Carapace length 1.05 mm, width 0.80 mm, height at coxae II 0.30 mm, head width 0.45 mm, width eye region 0.35 mm; abdomen 0.80 mm long, 0.70 mm wide. Leg lengths: leg I 2.40 mm (0.75-0.85-0.50-0.30), leg II 2.25 mm (0.65-0.85-0.50-0.25), leg III 2.05 mm (0.60-0.70-0.50-0.25), leg IV 2.40 mm (0.65-0.80-0.65-0.30), palp 0.25-0.15- 0.12-0.45 mm. Carapace, mouthparts and sternum deep orange, carapace with pale grey scribbles on sides, legs pale orange, in leg III and IV a black line running along retroventral side from femur to base of metatarsus. Abdomen (fig. 712) dorsally dark grey, two impressed dots in middle surrounded by creamy white, 4-5 parallel lines of round white dots running along sides of abdomen, posterior part of dorsum traversed by 4 transverse white bars. Underside of abdomen plain grey. Carapace smooth and shiny, sides with indistinct impressions, margin vaguely denticulate, d ALE almost 2x d AME, AME nearly juxtaposed; PME oval, diameter of PLE almost 2 x the lesser diameter of PME, the latter separated by 1/2 d PLE from laterals and 1 d from each other. Sternum with sparce round impressions. Ventral and lateral surface of anterior femora with tubercles. Leg spination: tibia I with 6 pairs of ventral spines, tibia II with 5 pairs; metatarsus I and II with 2-2-2-2v, tarsus I and II with 2-2v, rest spineless. Abdomen shiny. Epigyne (fig. 713) a squarish plate with round depression in posterior half; two small pairs of dark round spots in vulva seen shimmering through tegument. Vulva (fig. 714) with small openings and knob-like bursal base close together in front of spermathecae; large membranous bursae with a cluster of tiny chitinous teeth medio-apically. MALE unknown. Distribution. — Only known from the type locality in northern Sulawesi. Etymology.— pura (Lat.) = smooth, without ornamentation, referring to the carapace surface.Published as part of Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa, 2001, Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanteriidae)., pp. 400-505 in Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders- Family Liocranidae, Leiden, Netherlands :Brill Leiden; Boston; Köln on page 437, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.81470
Koppe no Deeleman-Reinhold 2001, sp. n.
No full textKoppe no sp. n. (figs 401-404, map 21) Type locality. — Indonesia, C Sulawesi, Lore Lindu Reserve. Type material, — Holotype ♂ from the type locality, primary lowland forest near Marena, in bamboo litter in dark little valley near stream, ' 23-24.vii. 1982. P R. and C.L. Deeleman; paratypes: 4 ♀ same data. Other material . — Only juveniles, same data as type. Diagnosis. — Related to K. montana, can be separated from that and all other species by the retrolaterally angular cymbium. the long embolus arising retrolaterally and the bifid conductor. The epigyne is quite distinctive by the divided posterior window and the vulva with the anteriorly extended intertwined coiled tubes, Description.— MALE. Total length 3,75 mm. Carapace length 1.80 mm, width 1.20 mm, width head 0.80 mm, eye group width 0.55 mm; abdomen length 1.60 mm, width 1.20 mm. Leg length: leg 1 6.85 mm (1.75-2. 50-1.90-0.70), leg II 5.30 mm (1.40-1. 90-1.40 0.60); leg III 4.45 mm (1.25-1.40 -1.20-0.60); leg IV 6.05 mm {1.60-1. 90-1.75-0.80), palp 0.70-0.25-0,35- 0.80 mm. Carapace colour and marking as in the other species, orangechestnut, smooth, in front of the eyes a slight bulge over clypeus; legs yellow, coxae and femora orange. AME 1 1/2 diameter of ALE and PE, distance between AME and AME and ALE 1/2d of ALE; PLE separated by 1 1/2 their d, 1 d from the laterals. Sternum lustrous, with some small round pits. Legs: tibia I with 8 pairs of ventral spines, tibia II with 7pv, 6rv, metatarsus I with 6 pairs, metatarsus II with 6 pv, 5rv, leg III and IV spineless. Femora of palps with a row of 4 ventral spines on sockets. Abdomen entirely covered with dorsal scutum, ventrally with epigastric scutum and post-genital scutum stretches to halfway the spinnerets. Palp see diagnosis and figs 401, 402; embolus accompanied by membranous tegular apophysis, conductor bifid, FEMALE. Total length 3.25 mm. Carapace length 1.65 mm, width 1.00 mm, head width 0.75 mm eye group width 0.50 mm; abdomen length 1.80 mm, width 1.00 mm, epigyne 0.35 mm wide. Leg lengths: leg I 5.40 mm (1.30-2.00 -1.50-0.60). leg II 4.30 mm (1.10 1.60 -1.1 0-0.50); leg III 3.50 mm (0. 90-1.20 -0.95-0.45); leg IV 4.85 mm (1.20-1.60 -1.40 0.65), palp 0.60-0.25-0.35- 0.60 mm. Spine formula: tibia I with 8 pairs of ventral spines, tibia II with 7-8pv, 6-8rv, metatarsus I 6 pv, 6rv, metatarsus II 5 pv, 4 rv; palpal femur a row of 4v; legs III and IV spineless. Extent of dorsal scutu m variable, in some covering half, in others over 3/4 of abdom inal length. Epigyne see diagnosis and fig. 403, vulva fig. 404, the structure is somew hat similar to that in K. baerti. It consists of a small rigid posterior cover over the window, on the sides of which lie the copulatory openings: anteriorly are seen wide coils of tubiform bursae, similar to those in K. baerti , posteriorly a pair of median dark ducts, laterally the small spermathecae. Distribution. — Central Sulawesi. Etymology.— The word "no" refers to the saying that Central Sulawesi is inhabited by numerous tribes among which exist 50 different ways to say no!Published as part of Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa, 2001, Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanteriidae)., pp. 276-296 in Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders- Family Liocranidae, Netherlands :Brill Leiden; Boston; Köln on page 289, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.104815
Sphingius punctatus Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001, sp. n.
No full text(figs 862 -867, map 41) Type locality. — Indonesia, northern Bali. Type material. — Holotype ♂ from the type locality, Ambengan near Singaraja, secondary forest, leaf litter, 19-31.i. 1990, S. Djojosudharmo et. al.; paratypes: 2 ♂, 4 ♀, same data. Other material.— Indonesia, LOMBOK Island, Kute, 2 ♂, secondary forest litter, 8- 18.i. 1990, S. Djojosudharmo; N Sulawesi, Dumoga watershed protection near Doloduo, 1 ♂, 3 ♀. vii.1982, PR. and C.L. Deeleman; id., Dumoga Bone National Park, Toraut, 2 ♂, 3 ♀, grasscovered clearing in forest, ground pitfall trap, 7.x. 1985, R. Bosmans (KBIN Cel004); id., 1 ♂, Lolak, grassland inland near mangrove, sweeping, 9.x. 1985, R. Bosmans (KBIN Cel0 14); W Sumatra, Muarasiberut, 1♂, 1♀, rainforest, 15-29.viii. 1995, Beron and Ivanova (NMNHS). Thailand, Krabi Prov., Khao Phanom Bencha National park, primary forest, 1 ♀, running on the ground, 16.xii. 1990, C.L. Deeleman; Surat Thani Province, Khao Sok National Park, 50 m, secondary forest with bamboo, 1 ♂, pitfall trap, 6.xii. 1991, P. Schwendinger (MHNG). Diagnosis.— This species shares with S. scrobiculatus the sculpture of the carapace which consists of large round widely spaced cut depressions, but is distinguished from this and all other species by the large, angular eyes, with posterior eyes in a straight line, close together, the PME the largest and juxtaposed; further it is distinct from scrobiculatus in the male palp by the short triangular apophysis in the male palpal tibia, which is flexed dorsalwards and the complex, two-branched median apophysis. It is distinguished from vivax by the punctated carapace, spineless femora and posterior metatarsi and by the much shorter tibial apophysis and triangular median apophysis, and the differently shaped anterior depression in the epigyne. Description. — MALE. Total length 4.40 mm. Carapace length 2.00 mm, width 1.25 mm, height 0.88 mm, head width 1.00 mm, eye group width 0.65 mm; abdomen 2.20 mm long, 1.40 mm wide. Leg lengths: leg I 5.05 mm (1.35-2.00-0.90-0.80), leg II 4.55 mm (1.20- 1.70-0.85-0.80), leg III 4.10 (1.05-1.40-0.95-0.70), leg IV 6.25 (1.80-2.00-1.60-0.85), palp 0.64-0.32- 0.28-0.68 mm. Carapace, mouthparts, sternum, abdomen and femur I dark chestnut brown, rest legs a shade paler, anterior femora and patellae sometimes with a hue of grey. Carapace (fig. 862) with widely spaced radiating rows of seta-bearing granules, each sunk in a large round pit; margin lined with triangular thorns, with a long seta arising from the side. Thoracic groove obsolete. Eyes (fig. 862): AER procurved, AME, ALE and PLE of equal size and narrowly spaced, ALE-PLE=1 d, PER straight, PME almost double the diameter of other eyes and juxtaposed. Clypeus 1 eye diameter, rebordered, convex, small chilum without knob. Chelicerae bulging, geniculate. Sternum densely covered with round pits (fig. 863). Leg spination: all legs spineless, sometimes 1-0v on posteror tibiae. Tarsal claws as in vivax. Abdomen covered almost entirely with dorsal and ventral scutum, a short grooved collar present (fig. 863). Palp figs 864-865; tibial apophysis short and pointed. FEMALE. Total length 5.00 mm. Carapace length 1.92 mm, width 1.48 mm, head width 0.92 mm; abdomen 2.72 mm long, 1.60 mm wide, epigyne 0.35 mm wide, 0.50 mm long. Leg lengths: leg I 5.00 mm (1.48-1.88-0.88-0.76), leg II 4.45 mm (1.40-1.55-0.80-0.70), leg III 3.65 mm (1.00-1.25-0.85-0.55), leg IV 6.00 mm (1.60-2.00-1.45-0.95), palp 0.68- 0.32- 0.25-0.55 mm. Carapace, eyes, mouthparts and leg colouring as in male. Abdomen mouse grey without markings. Anterior depression of epigyne trapezoid (figs 866-867), anteriorly, with sides converging towards posterior spermathecae; spermathecae separated by posterior loop of insemination ducts. Distribution. — Southern part of peninsular Thailand, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Lesser Sunda Islands. More southern in distribution than S. vivax and with preference for rainforest. Etymology. — From English punctate, with depressions, derived from Latin punctum, a point.Published as part of Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa, 2001, Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanteriidae)., pp. 400-505 in Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders- Family Liocranidae, Leiden, Netherlands :Brill Leiden; Boston; Köln on pages 503-505, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.81470
Teutamus vittatus Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001, sp. n.
No full textTeutamus vittatus sp. n. (figs 832-836, map 40) Type locality. — N Borneo, Sabah, Mount Kinabalu National Park at Head Quarters, 1550 m. Type material.— Holotype O’ from the type locality, montane primary forest, leaf litter, l- 5.v. 1991, C.L. Deeleman, A.P.B. Deeleman and Y. Roerink; paratypes: 1 ♂, same data as holotype; 1 ♂ 2 ♀, 27.vi. 1979; 1 ♀, 23-25.vii. 1980, P.R. and C.L. Deeleman. Other material. — See under note. Diagnosis.— This is the species in which the abdomen shows the most contrasting pattern: distinct from all other species by the white parallel bands posteriorly on the flanks of the abdomen, and the white abdominal underside sharply set off from the dark grey upper side. Close to T. andrewdavisi, males are distinct from that species by the long slender curved conductor, further in the palpal tibia by the presence of a ventral chitinous ridge and a lobe on the patella. In the female the widely separated elongate spermathecae at the end of long curved ducts and the bursae are clearly visible through the tegument; the openings are central, juxtaposed. Description.— MALE. Total length 4.15 mm. Carapace length 2.25 mm, width 1.40 mm, height 0.70 mm, width head 0.75 mm at level of PER, width eye group 0.57 mm; abdomen length 1.85 mm, width 1.00 mm. Leg length: leg I 7.95 mm (2.00-2.85-2.00-1.10); leg II 6.20 mm (1.60-2.25-1.40-0.95); leg III 5.00 mm (1.35-1.60-1.25-0.80); leg IV 7.05 mm (1.90-2.25-1.90-1.00), palp 0.55-0.25- 0.25-0.65 mm. Colour and sculpture as in the other species; all coxae and femora reddish orange, tibia I and II reddish orange, tips of femora and anterior tibiae and all patellae, tibiae, metatarsi and tarsi pale yellow. Abdomen (fig. 832): posteriorly on the flanks a white parallel stripe on a dark grey background, connected through thin line to white pre-anal spot; white abdominal underside sharply set off from dark grey upper side. Spination: femur I 3 pl, tibia I 8 pv, 8rv, tibia II 7 pv, 7rv, metatarsus I 5 pv, 5rv, metatarsus II 5 pv, 4rv. Abdominal dorsal and ventral scutum cut straight posteriorly, distal 4/3 retracted under scutum, in holotype scuta distally not yet developed, and rear part normal. Collar with 3 ridges. Male palp figs 833-834, patella with apical round chitinous lobe, tibia lacking distal apophysis, proximal apophysis triangular, ventrally a chitinous ridge; bulb apically with a long slender U-curved conductor, embolus based apically at tegulum, visible on prolateral side. FEMALE. Length 4.25 mm. Carapace length 2.15 mm, width 1.50 mm, head width 0.85 mm, eye group width 0.65 mm, abdomen length 2.25 mm, width 1.25 mm, epigyne 0.35 mm wide, 0.30 mm long. Leg lengths: leg I 7.65 mm (2.00-3.00-1.65-1.00), leg II 6.05 mm (1.50-2.25-1.40-0.90), leg III 4.90 mm (1.25-1.65-1.15-0.85), leg IV 7.10 mm (1.85- 2.25-1.85-1.15), palp 0.65-0.25-0.40- 0.65 mm. Pattern of abdomen as in male, dorsal surface dark grey, ventral post-genital surface white. Spine formula: femur I 3 pl, tibia I 8 pv, 8 rv, tibia II 8 pv, 7rv, metatarsus I 5-6 pv, 5rv, metatarsus II 4 pv, 5rv. Colour of legs more variable than in male, in two specimens legs all pale yellow except coxae and basal part of femur I and II, in the third specimen as the male, and posterior tibiae also reddish. Epigyne fig. 835, openings central, in five specimens, one (Tuaran) with very large plugs, one specimen with left opening plugged, three others openings unplugged; vulval (fig. 836) openings wide, with hood, narrowing inside, dorsally a U-turn towards into insemination ducts, the latter coiling helicoidally back to surface, then arching laterally towards spermathecae; bursae well visible through tegument at the anterior end of epigyne, distance between bursae variable. Distribution.— W Sabah, National Park Mt. Kinabalu at 1550 m. Etymology.— vittatus (Lat.) = bound with a ribbon on the abdomen. Note.— A male and 3 females from lower down in the Kinabalu National Park at Poring Hot Springs, 600 m, are similar to vittatus, but males differ by the tibial apophysis being more like that in andrewdavisi, with uptilted tip bearing a bushel of stiff setae; females have the epigynal openings juxtaposed, and ducts are arched anterior to bursae. Two females from Tuaran in West Sabah, 450 m, found in the litter of a Hevea plantation, are distinct from vittata by the epigynal openings,which are further apart; the venter and flanks are all white, and lack the black bar which is set off against lateral white stripe.Published as part of Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa, 2001, Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanteriidae)., pp. 400-505 in Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders- Family Liocranidae, Leiden, Netherlands :Brill Leiden; Boston; Köln on pages 487-488, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.81470
Koppe minuta Deeleman-Reinhold 2001, sp. n.
No full textKoppe minuta sp. n. (figs 382-385, map 21) Type locality.— N Sumatra, G unung Leuser National Park at Bohorok rehabilitation Centre near Bukit Lawang. Type material.— Male holotype in the type locality, in leaf litter, viii.1982, P.R. and C.L. Deeleman; 10 ♂ 40 ♀ paratypes, same data; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 1 jv, same data, 31.xii. 1983; 1 ♀ id., vi.1983; 1 ♂, 1 ♀, iii.1983, S. Djojosudharmo; 1 ♂ 7 ♀ v. 1983, S. Djojosudharmo. Other material.— W Java, Puncak Pass, 1000 m, 1 ♀ in leaf litter, 1.v. 1976, P.R. Deeleman. Note.— This species nor any other species has been collected from Ketambe in the central part of the Gunung Leuser National Park. Instead, the ecological niche is occupied by the phrurolithine species Sudharmia pongorum (mutual exclusion). Diagnosis.— A small species; males with a single, 3-tined palpal tibial apophysis; epigyne with three pairs of discs appearing through the tegument: a large pair laterally, and two pairs of smaller discs in the middle. Description.— MALE (fig. 391). Total length 5.00 mm. C arapace length 2.50 mm, width 1.60 mm, carapace height 0.50 mm. width head 1.15 mm, eye group width 0.90 mm; abdomen length 2.25 mm, width 1,45 mm. Leg length: femur leg I 2.10 mm, rest lost; femur leg II 1.80 mm, rest lost, femur leg III 1.60 mm rest lost, leg IV 2.10 -2.50- rest lost, palp 1.00-0.40-0,50- 0.95 mm. Carapace dark chestnut, smooth, with margin lined with black and dark streaks radiating from thoracic groove: mouthparts, sternum and abdomen dark uniform chestnut without spots, coxae and femora of legs one shade lighter, distal segments of leg IV almost yellow, other legs missing. AME two times larger than other eyes, separated by much less than their d, and separated from laterals by their d; lateral eyes together on small elevation, separated by 1/2 d, posterior eyes separated by 1 1/ 2 x their diameter. Sternum lustrous, with some small round pits, Leg spination: tibia IV with 1- lpv, rest lost. Femora of palps with a row of 6-8 ventral spines on sockets and 2 small ones distally, tibia with 2v. Abdomen entirely covere d with dorsal scutum, ventrally with epigastric scutum only. Palp see diagnosis and figs 392, 393. FEMALE. Total length 5.00 mm. Carapace length 2.10 mm, width 1.30 mm, height 0.70 mm, head width LOO mm, eye group width 0.70 mm, abdomen length 2.50 mm, width 1.75 mm, epigyne 0.45 mm wide. Leg lengths: leg I 7.70 mm (1.75-2. 85-2.10-1. 00), leg II 5.90 mm (1.50-2. 10-1.50-0.80); leg III 5.10 mm (1.50-1. 60-1.25 -0.75); leg IV 6.65 mm (1.75-2. 00- 1.90-1. 00), palp 0.75-0.35-0.50- 0.80 mm. Somatic characters as male, femora diluted orange, rest of segments yellow. Spine formula: tibia I with 9 pairs of ventral spines, tibia II with 7-8 pairs, metatarsus I 6 pv, 7rv, metatarsus II 5 pv, 6rv, leg III and IV spineless; palpal femur a row of 5v, tibia 2v, tarsus 2v. Dorsal scutum over 3/4 of abdominal length, dark brown and shining, with some pale yello w veins and spots and dark markings, posterior abdomen with light chevrons and lines, PL and PM spinnerets fig. 396. Epigyne see diagnosis and fig. 394, vulva fig. 395. Distribution.— N and C Sulawesi, Togian Islands. Remark.— At an altitude of 400 m upwards in the Dumoga Bone Park this species is replaced by K. baerti. Etymology. — From princeps (Lat.), a noun in apposition: the leader, the head, the largest species in the genus.Published as part of Deeleman-Reinhold, Christa, 2001, Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders (Araneae: Clubionidae, Corinnidae, Liocranidae, Gnaphosidae, Prodidomidae and Trochanteriidae)., pp. 276-296 in Forest Spiders of South East Asia With a revision of the sac and ground spiders- Family Liocranidae, Netherlands :Brill Leiden; Boston; Köln on pages 280-285, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.104815
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