33 research outputs found
Erbkrankheiten und Moderhinke in der Schweizer Schafzucht
No full textAntworten über die Häufigkeit von Erbkrankheiten in der Schweizer Schafzucht soll die Umfrage bei Schafzüchtern im April 2012 geben. Schwerpunkt der Studie ist das eingerollte Augenlid (Entropium), eine Erbkrankheit, welche unter Schafzüchtern häufig zu Diskussionen Anlass gibt. Fragen zu weiteren Erbkrankheiten in der Schafzucht ermöglichen einen gesamtschweizerischen Überblick. Welche Erbkrankheit kommt bei welchen Schafrassen vor? Welche Rassen sind besonders anfällig? Gibt es eine genetische Komponente zur Anfälligkeit auf Moderhinke? Die Umfrage soll helfen, diese Fragen zu beantworten
Entropium und andere Missbildungen in der Schweizer Schafzucht
No full textDie Häufigkeit von angeborenen Missbildungen liegt beim Schaf bei ca. 0.2 bis 2 %. Von den betroffenen Lämmern kommt etwa die Hälfte tot zur Welt. Es wird jedoch eine hohe Dunkelziffer vermutet, da viele Fälle nicht gemeldet, nicht entdeckt oder beobachtet werden. Angeborene Missbildungen müssen nicht zwingend genetisch vererbt sein, sie können auch durch die Umwelt (z.B. Mangel in der Fütterung, Giftpflanzen) beeinflusst werden. Bei vielen Missbildungen wird jedoch eine genetische Komponente vermutet. Die häufigsten angeborenen Anomalien beim Schaf, die in der Literatur erwähnt werden, sind Entropium (eingerolltes Augenlid), verkürzter Unterkiefer, Kryptorchide (Hodenhochstand), Hernien (Brüche),verkrümmter Hals, fehlender After und verkrümmte Gliedmassen
Occurrence of congenital disorders in Swiss sheep.
No full textBACKGROUND
The rates of congenital disorders in Swiss sheep were determined by a questionnaire which was sent to 3,183 members of the Swiss Sheep Breeders' Association.
FINDINGS
A total of 993 questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 31.2%. Of these, 862 questionnaires originated from farms keeping one of the predominant Swiss sheep breeds: Swiss White Alpine sheep, Brown-Headed Meat sheep, Swiss Black Brown Mountain sheep and Valais Blacknose sheep. During a 10-year-period, entropion was reported in 33.6% of the farms, brachygnathia inferior in 29.5%, abdominal/umbilical hernia in 15.9%, cryptorchidism in 10.5% and torticollis in 10.5%. The most significant difference between the four breeds (P<0.001) occurred for entropion in Swiss White Alpine sheep and Brown-Headed Meat sheep, brachygnathia inferior in Swiss Black Brown Mountain sheep, and scrotal/inguinal hernia in Valais Blacknose sheep. The Swiss White Alpine breed showed a significantly higher animal prevalence of entropion (6.2% in 2011 and 5.5% in 2012) than other breeds (P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings indicate a breed-specific necessity for action, particularly regarding Swiss animal welfare legislation, especially entropion in Swiss White Alpine sheep is concerned. In general, careful selection of breeding stock is to be recommended
Elimination of virulent strains (aprV2) of Dichelobacter nodosus from feet of 28 Swiss sheep flocks: A proof of concept study
No full textColloque Cirmath - Des cartes et des études de cas
No full textNancy - 5/6/7 juillet 2017 Mercredi 5 juillet 10h Accueil 10h30-12h30 Hélène Gispert (GHDSO) & Jeanne Peiffer (CNRS) Retour sur les fondamentaux du projet Cirmath Jules Henri Greber (Archives Henri Poincaré) & Philippe Nabonnand (Archives Henri Poincaré) Premiers résultats globaux et cartographiques. 14h -16h – Autour de la base, des approches globales, des cartes 14h-14h20 Deborah Kent (Drake University) Publications' Places and People: Mapping American Mathematical Journals 14h25-14h4..
A genome-wide significant association on chromosome 15 for congenital entropion in Swiss White Alpine sheep.
No full textEntropion is a known congenital disorder in sheep presumed to be heritable but no causative genetic variant has been reported. Affected lambs show a variable inward rolling of the lower eyelids leading to blindness in severe cases. In Switzerland, the Swiss White Alpine (SWA) breed showed a significantly higher prevalence for entropion than other breeds. A GWAS using 150 SWA sheep (90 affected lambs and 60 controls), based on 600k SNP data, revealed a genome-wide significant signal on chromosome 15. The 0.2 Mb associated region contains functional candidate genes, SMTNL1 and CTNND1. Pathogenic variants in human CTNND1 cause blepharocheilodontic syndrome 2, a rare disorder including eyelid anomalies, and SMTNL1 regulates contraction and relaxation of skeletal and smooth muscle. WGS of a single entropion-affected lamb revealed two private missense variants in SMTNL1 and CTNND1. Subsequent genotyping of both variants in 231 phenotyped SWA sheep was performed. The SMTNL1 variant p.(Asp452Asn) affects an evolutionary conserved residue within an important domain and represents a rare allele, which occurred also in controls. The p.(Glu943Lys) variant in CTNND1 represents a common variant unlikely to cause entropion as the mutant allele occurred more frequently in non-affected sheep. Therefore, we propose that these protein-changing variants are unlikely to explain the phenotype. Additionally, WGS of three further disconcordant pairs of full siblings was carried out but revealed no obvious causative variant. Finally, we conclude that entropion represents a more complex disease caused by different non-coding regulatory variants
Experience with the delegation of anaesthesia for disbudding and castration to trained and certified livestock owners
No full textBACKGROUND:
Anaesthesia is mandatory for disbudding and castrating calves and lambs of any age, in Switzerland. According to the "anaesthesia delegation model" (ADM), anaesthesia for disbudding calves <3 weeks of age and castrating calves and lambs <2 weeks of age may be administered by certified farmers. Experience with this unique model is not available. The aim was to evaluate the experience of the veterinary practitioners with the ADM. The response rate was 42%. The survey consisted of one questionnaire for each procedure. Procedure I was the delegation of anaesthesia for disbudding calves and procedures II and III were anaesthesia for castrating calves and lambs.
RESULTS:
Procedure I was performed with local anaesthesia in all farms of 51.8% of the veterinary practices, while this was only 39.3% and 7.6% for procedures II and III (p < 0.001). Anaesthesia for procedure I was administered technically correctly by farmers in at least 66% of the farms of 58.3% of the practitioners, while this was 45.4% and only 23.6% for procedures II and III (p < 0.001). The ADM was assessed as a moderate to very good model to reinforce the legal obligations for procedures I, II, or III by 74.8%, 76.5% and 62.0% of the veterinary practitioners (p < 0.005).
CONCLUSIONS:
The delegation of anaesthesia to certified farmers may be a promising model to reinforce the obligation to provide local anaesthesia for disbudding and castrating calves, but to a lesser extent for castrating lambs
Pooling of interdigital swab samples for PCR detection of virulent Dichelobacter nodosus.
No full textVirulent ovine foot rot is a contagious foot disease. Given the development and validation of a real-time PCR to detect Dichelobacter nodosus isolates that contain the virulence-associated protease genes aprV2 and aprB2, the diagnosis of foot rot has made considerable progress. We evaluated pooling methods to reduce the number of samples during a foot rot control program. Samples of individual feet were compared to a 4-feet sample of the same sheep. All further analyses based on 4-feet samples (pools-of-5 and pools-of-10 4-feet samples) were compared to samples of individual sheep, and a risk-based herd sampling was evaluated and compared to the whole flock. The sensitivity and specificity of the 4-feet samples for detection of aprV2-positive strains was 93.8% (CI: 87.6-97.5%) and 98.3% (CI: 96.5-99.3%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the pools-of-10 was 86.7% (CI: 78.4-92.7%) and 100.0% (CI: 97.4-100%), respectively. Pools-of-5 were not significantly more sensitive than pools-of-10. The pooling of 4 individual foot samples into one 4-feet sample is an adequate method to reduce the number of samples of individual sheep. The sensitivity of pools-of-5 and pools-of-10 is too imprecise for a control program. Risk-based sampling allowed for a substantial reduction of samples to be tested, had a sensitivity of 95.8% (CI: 78.9-99.9%) and specificity of 100.0% (CI: 88.1-100.0%) when determining the foot rot flock status, and represents an adequate methodology to predict within-flock freedom from infection
Urban Agriculture Focus of Author Presentation
No full textAward-winning Canadian food journalist Jennifer Cockrall-King discusses alternative food systems in a Lawrence University presentation Monday, April 22 at 7 p.m. in Thomas Steitz Hall of Science Room 102. Cockrall-King’s appearance, sponsored by Lawrence’s Spoerl Lecture in Science and Society, is free and open to the public.
Based on her book “Food and the City: Urban Agriculture and the New Food Revolution,” the address examines food systems in cities around the world that are shortening their food chains by utilizing community gardens, collective orchards and vertical farms within their city limits and taking “food security” into their own hands.
“Food and the City” received the 2011 Dave Greber Freelance Book Award, a Canadian national award that recognizes excellence in social justice writing. Cockrall-King’s appearance is part of the 2013 Fox Cities Book Festival
