13 research outputs found
Evaluation of Hydroalcoholic Root Extract of Withania Somnifera against Propionic Acid Induced Autism Spectrum Disorder in Mice
No full textINTRODUCTION: Nature is the delightful example for the phenomena of symbiosis. Natural products are
origin from plants, animals, metals and minerals serving as the basis for the treatment of
human disease. Medicinal plants based on tradition system of medicine have been playing an
incredible role in providing diagnosis and treatment of human beings especially in developing
countries. Utilization of herbal drug has also increased in developed countries.
Herbal drug is the oldest form of health care known to mankind. Herbs had been used
by all the cultures throughout the history. In modern civilization herbal drug is an integral
part of the development. Primitive man observed and appreciated the great diversity of plants
available to him. The most use of medicinal plant has been developed through observation of
wild animal by trials and errors. As time moved on, each tribe added the medicinal power of
herbs in their area based on their knowledge. They collected the information on herbs based
on the method and well-defined it in herbal pharmacopoeia. Indeed, well into the 20th century
most of the pharmacopoeia of scientific medicine was derived from the herbal lore of native
place. Much of the drug commonly use now a day is of herbal origin. Most civilized country
USA dispensed about 25% of prescription which contains at least one active ingredient
derived from plant materials. Some are made from plant extract others are synthesized to
mimic the natural plant compounds.
From last five thousand years human being has relied on natural product as the primary
source of medicines. However, the last two centuries have brought an explosion to
understand how the natural products are produced and how they react with other organisms.
The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80% of the world health populations
presently use herbal medicines for some aspect of primary health care. SCOPE OF WORK:Autism is a neuro-developmental disorder that manifests early in childhood and it
is the prevalence in world wide. . The average prevalence of ASD in Asia, Europe and North
America was close to 1%. Management of Autism spectrum disorder is a global problem,
successful treatment is very important for controlling the raising alarm of the disease.
Till date there is no effective drug available to treat ASD. No herbal drug is proved to
manage the severity of symptoms of Autism spectrum disorder. The objective of the present
study is, to treat this disorder through nature in the form of herbal medicines or drugs with
very minimal adverse effect. ASD among1994-99 born children who turned up adults now
were reported with high prevalence. Hence the study was focused on autistic symptoms of
adolescent age.
The present study is designed to evaluate the effect of hydro-alcoholic root extract of
Withania somnifera object-directed behavior, social behavior, cognition development and
neuro-inflammation against propionic acid induced Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in
mice. So that it may serve clinically for the management of ASD.SUMMARY:The preliminary phytochemical studies on HAREWS discovered the presence of
various phytoconstituents such as alkaloid, carbohydrates, glycosides, steroid, proteins,
flavonoids and saponin.
The habituation behavior of HAREWS on PPA induced ASD assessed by
objective directed behavior; novel mice vs. novel object directed behavior, nociception
threshold, elevated plus maze task and cognition development assessed by Morris water maze
task.
The habituation behavior on open field revealed that HAREWS significantly
reversed stereotypic and staggering movement. Memory retention was assessed on Morris
water maze and HAREWS found greatly improved/enhanced the spatial memory. On
HAREWS treatment the pain threshold was maintained as like normal subjects. Both
propionic acid and HAREWS has found not to possess significant anxiety activity.
The biochemical changes that are responsible for stereotypic activity, cognition
impairment, and neuro inflammation were assessed by estimating serotonin, TNF-α,
Interleukin-6 respectively. HAREWS provided favorable effect on these above biochemicals.
The antioxidants defense in the brain tissues were estimated in terms of SOD, CAT,
LPO, GPx, GRD and HAREWS increased the antioxidant levels at respective dose leading to
reduce oxidative stress. This clearly indicates the potential of the extract to delay the
generation of free radicals that cause neuronal damage.
The histopathology of ASD mice showed increased in neuron number and reduced
size as seen in ASD patients. Whereas the control and HAREWS treated mice showed normal
level of neuronal size and counts.CONCLUSION:The present study demonstrated that ICV-infusion of propionic acid induced autism
spectrum disorder in mice. Hydro-alcoholic root extract of Withania somnifera helps in
improving object directed behavior, social behavior and cognitive skill. And also improve the
neuro-inflammation. It also showed the anti-oxidant property which act as a neruo-protective.
Further studies are expected on the isolated components of the extract in order to
understand the exact mechanism of its action and also studies at cellular level changes by
more sophisticated methods for investigation
Occurrence and diversity of microalgae in phytoplankton collected from freshwater community ponds of Hooghly District, West Bengal, India
No full textA study on diversity, seasonal occurrence, distribution percentage of microalgal taxa and physico-chemical parameters of five community ponds, located in Chinsurah town, Hooghly district of West Bengal, has been carried out. Correlation between occurrence of microalgal genera and some parameters of environment, physico-chemical nature of natural water bodies were explored by Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA). Diversity indices have been calculated using PAST software program. A total of 23 microalgal taxa belonging to four algal classes were recorded and the study indicated that the microalgal diversity vary with variation in physico-chemical parameters of water and light intensity. Out of these genera, occurrence of Chodatella sp. in late summer and Tetrallantos sp. and Synechocystis sp. in winter season were specific. In CCA, multiple variables (dissolved oxygen, water temperature, electrical conductivity, pH, light intensity and inorganic phosphorous) played a significant role in occurrence of microalgal taxa. Observation concluded that the Chlorophycean members were dominant throughout the study period and the Shannon–Wiener diversity index was highest for a site with large number of Chlorophycean member. This study will help in future to assess water quality
Herbal Approaches for the Treatment of Hypertension: A Literature Review
No full textBackground- High blood pressure is a very common disease in most countries. This can also cause the worsening of other cardiovascular disorders. The total number of people who are suffering from hypertension has elevated in the past thirty years. It impacts the quality of life and it can be caused due to many factors like the lifestyle of the patient (inactivity), stress, obesity, stress, alcohol consumption, unhealthy food habits, age, and other underlying diseases. It is estimated that the cases of hypertension will rise up to 23.25 % by the year 2025 in India. Its occurrence in urban areas is more compared to the rural areas. In order to treat hypertension alternative medication can be used.
Method- To carry out this review we searched out the articles from various databases which includes PubMed, web of science and google scholar. All the papers that discussed about hypertension and its herbal remedies were screened.
Conclusion- Thus, the current review aimed to highlight various herbal drugs used for the treatment of hypertension. Many patients prefer herbal remedies over modern drugs. There are many herbal drugs available, which can be used for the successful treatment of high blood pressure like hibiscus, tulsi, garlic, Ashoka and etc
Explicit impacts of harvesting on a fractional-order delayed predator–prey model
No full textWe propose a fractional-order prey-predator model with delay and harvesting. Comparatively, only a few analyses are made to explore the impact of harvesting on population fluctuation due to time delay and fractional order. Thus, our focus is whether harvesting effort can stabilize or destabilize the system by varying the fractional order or keeping it fixed. We have observed that fractional order influences the delayed system and the number of stability switching differently in the case of either predator or prey harvesting. Both fractional order and predator harvesting have a destabilizing effect, whereas prey harvesting has a stabilizing effect on the system. In addition, we observed stability switching induced by predator harvesting while keeping the delay fixed. Moreover, in the case of predator harvesting, when the carrying capacity of prey exceeds a certain threshold, the number of switching regions increases significantly. For yield maximization, we observe that maximum sustainable yield (MSY) exists for predator harvesting only; however, yield at MSY produces stable stock only when the time delay is minimal
Hydrothermal process assists undoped and Cr-doped semiconducting ZnO nanorods: Frontier of dielectric property
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