170,020 research outputs found
Reclutamento accademico: come tutelare il pluralismo epistemico? Un modello di simulazione ad agenti
No full textAccording to some author, when researchers are called to express a judgment over their peers, they might exhibit an epistemic bias that make them favoring those who belong to their School of Thought (SoT). A dominant SoT is also most likely to provide some advantage to its members’ bibliometric indexes, because more people potentially means more citations. In the long run, even the slight preference for one SoT over the others might lead to a monopoly, hampering the oft-invoked pluralism of research. In academic recruitment, given that those who recruited to permanent position will often become the recruiter of tomorrow, such biases might give rise to a self-reinforcing loop. However, the way in which this dynamic unfolds is affected by the institutional infrastructure that regulates academic recruitment. To reason on how the import of epistemic bias changes across various infrastructures, we built a simple Agent-Based Model using NetLogo 6.0.4., in which researchers belonging to rival SoTs compete to get promoted to professors. The model allows to represent the effect of epistemic and bibliometric biases, as well as to figure out how they get affected by the modification of several parameters
Prevalence of White Spots Lesions during Orthodontic Fixed Appliance Treatment.
No full textOrthodontic treatment require oral hygiene protoco
A MULTILEVEL EXPLORATION OF SCIENCE DYNAMICS WITH COMPUTATIONAL AND QUANTITATIVE TECHNIQUES.
No full textSebbene le società contemporanee facciano sempre più affidamento sulla scienza,
la nostra comprensione di come funziona esattamente la comunità scientifica è
ancora limitata. Il lavoro di ricerca ha subito enormi cambiamenti negli ultimi
decenni ed è ancora in evoluzione sia come risultato di dinamiche endogene che
di politiche scientifiche esplicite. Per dimensioni relativamente facili da misurare,
come il numero di pubblicazioni e citazioni, abbiamo prove concrete di
adattamento strategico agli incentivi da parte dei singoli studiosi – ad es. self
citations. Sappiamo però molto poco riguardo alla dimensione più sfuggente – ma
centrale – dei temi di ricerca, ovvero ciò che gli studiosi scelgono di indagare.
Esistono pattern generali di specializzazione? I numerosi filtri del mondo
accademico – ovvero peer-review, reclutamento, finanziamenti competitivi, ecc. –
hanno un impatto sulla distribuzione degli argomenti di ricerca? Questi fattori
possono influenzare l’ampiezza delle agende di ricerca individuali, allargando o
restringendo la libertà di scelta delle domande di ricerca? Questa tesi si propone di
indagare tali questioni utilizzando tecniche quantitative – impiegando modelli di
linguaggio di recente sviluppo – per misurare gli argomenti di ricerca a partire dal
contenuto testuale delle pubblicazioni scientifiche. La tesi è composta da una Parte
I, che introduce teoria e metodi, e una Parte II, che presenta tre studi empirici
indipendenti. Il primo è una panoramica globale della letteratura sul cambiamento
climatico, che esplora i modelli di specializzazione a livello nazionale. Il secondo
è un'indagine sul ruolo dei temi di ricerca nel determinare il tasso di successo delle
proposte ERC, esplorando così il ruolo dei filtri istituzionali sulla distribuzione dei
temi di ricerca. Infine, il terzo studio esamina un campione di studiosi di quattro
aree disciplinari e quattro paesi, monitorando come i loro programmi di ricerca
individuali sono cambiati nel corso delle loro carriere, in relazione alla loro
anzianità accademica, mobilità e collaborazione scientifica.While contemporary societies are increasingly reliant on science, our
understanding of how exactly the scientific community works is still limited. The
research work has experienced tremendous changes during the past few decades,
and it is still evolving both as a result of endogenous dynamics and explicit science
policies. For relatively easy to measure dimensions, like the number of
publications and citations, we have solid evidence of strategic adaptation to
incentives by individual scholars – e.g. self-citations. However, we know very
little regarding the more elusive – yet central – dimension of the research topics,
i.e.
what scholars choose to investigate. Are there general patterns of
specialisation? Do the many filters of academia – i.e., peer-review, recruitment,
competitive funding, etc. – have an impact on the research topic distribution? Can
these factors affect the breadth of individual research agendas, by widening or
narrowing down the freedom of choosing the research questions? This dissertation
aims to investigate such questions by using quantitative techniques – borrowing
recently developed language modeling tools – to measure research topics starting
from the textual content of scientific publications. The dissertation is composed of
a Part I, introducing theory and methods, and a Part II, presenting three
independent empirical studies. The first is a global overview of the climate change
literature, exploring country-level specialisation patterns. The second is an
investigation of the role of research topics in determining the success rate of ERC
proposals, thus exploring the role of institutional filters on the research topic
distribution. Finally, the third study examines a sample of scholars across four
disciplinary areas and four countries, tracking how their individual research
agendas changed over their careers, in relation to their academic seniority, mobility
and scientific collaboration
Anharmonic phonon lifetimes in semiconductors from density-functional perturbation theory
No full textThe anharmonic lifetimes of zone-center optical phonons in C, Si, and Ge are calculated along with their temperature and pressure dependences, using third-order density-functional perturbation theory. Our basic ingredients are by-products of a standard linear-response calculation of phonon dispersions in the harmonic approximation, resulting in a similarly good agreement with experiments. The microscopic mechanisms responsible for the decay are revealed and shown to be different for different materials and to depend sensitively on the applied pressure
[Medico-pharmacological treatment of inflammatory processes of the jaw bones and perimaxillary tissues in pregnant women].
No full textDetection of sleep bruxism: comparison between an electromyographic and electrocardiographic portable holter and polysomnography.
No full textCompositional and Stress Optical Effects In Glass Wave-guides - Comparison Between K-na and Ag-na Ion-exchange
No full textHigh-accuracy Characterization of Titanium Films For Linbo3 Guided Wave Devices By Optical Densitometry
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