114 research outputs found
Early Palaeozoic orogenic events north of the Rheic suture (Brabant, Ardenne): a review
No full textThe Lower Palaeozoic rocks exposed in the Brabant-Ardenne region (Belgium, France) recorded the Early Palaeozoic history on the southern margin of the perigondwanan microcontinent of Avalonia, north of the Rheic suture. These rocks crop out in the Brabant basement and in the Ardenne basement inliers within the Variscan Ardenne allochthon. The two main unconformities are classically associated with distinct orogenic episodes, the Late Ordovician "Ardennian" event and the Early Devonian "Brabantian" event. A review of the current state-of-knowledge with respect to the reconstruction of Early Palaeozoic geodynamics in the Brabant-Ardenne region is presented. It is demonstrated that an unconformity does not necessarily represent an orogenic event, and that the hiatus related to an unconformity does not necessarily coincide with tectonic activity, especially when tectonism is diachronous in nature. The former applies to the Ardennian unconformity, while the latter applies to the Brabantian unconformity. Finally, the well-constrained Brabantian orogeny, as well as the Ardenne-Eifel basin development, is tentatively framed within the Early Palaeozoic geodynamic context of the northern margin of the Rheic realm. By doing so, it is shown that the Brabant-Ardenne region links, both in space and time, the Rheic and Rhenohercynian ocean. © 2008 Académie des sciences.sponsorship: [
"This research is sponsored by the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen (FWO - Vlaanderen). The work is part of the research projects 6.0271.05 and KAN1.5.128.05. Manuel Sintubin is Research Professor of the Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds at the K.U.Leuven. Timothy N. Debacker is Postdoctoral Fellow of the FWO - Vlaanderen. Herve Van Baelen is Research Assistant of the Institute for Promotion of Innovation through Science and Technology (IWT - Vlaanderen). Jacques Verniers is thanked to provide a photograph of the Fepin outcrop.",
"Brian Windley and Stanislaw Mazur are greatly acknowledged for their comments. Karel Schulmann, Jean-Marc Lardeaux and Richard Scriveners are thanked to edit this special issue of the Comptes Rendus Geoscience."
] (Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen (FWO - Vlaanderen), 6.0271.05, KAN1.5.128.05)status: Publishe
Grande Ronde Basin spring chinook salmon captive broodstock program: F₁ generation performance
No full textTim Hoffnagle, Rich Carmichael, Joseph Feldhaus, Deb Eddy, Nick Albrecht, Sally Gee.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
A new geological map of the outcrop areas of the Brabant Massif (Belgium)
No full textAs a result of the “new geological map of Wallonia” program undertaken by the Walloon Government since 1990, all the maps at 1/25 000 scale covering the outcrop areas of the Brabant Massif have been finalised. During the long period of mapping (1993-2017) our understanding of the stratigraphy and tectonics of the Brabant Massif has evolved significantly and this led to several inconsistencies between different maps. We present here an overarching geological map of the outcrop areas of the Brabant Massif, resulting from the merging of these 21 maps, updated according to the most recent findings and insights. The resulting map, at a scale of ~1/200 000, shows a coherent image of the outcrop areas of the Brabant Massif. This map better illustrates the geological history and structural architecture of the Brabant Massif compared to previous maps (e.g. Fourmarier, 1921; Legrand, 1968) and allows for a better understanding of the geology of the Brabant Massif. Also, it fully complements the subcrop map of the Brabant Massif of Piessens et al. (2005, in prep.).SCOPUS: ar.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Révision stratigraphique du sondage de Lessines (Massif du Brabant, Belgique)
No full textIn this short communication we provide an overview of the new and recently published data on the Lessines borehole since its original description in 1991 and integrate these into the new stratigraphy and the current ideas on the evolution and structure of the Brabant Massif. Although these data are mainly of a stratigraphical kind, they have considerable implications for the overall basin evolution. Unit I belongs to the middle Katian (uppermost Caradocian to lower Ashgillian) Fauquez Formation and Unit II belongs to the upper Sandbian to the lowest Katian (middle Caradocian) Ittre Formation. A previously non-identified, probably normal fault separates both units. As initially proposed, Unit III clearly belongs to the lower Tremadocian Chevlipont Formation. A fault breccia, also probably belonging to a normal fault, separates units II and III. Unit IV corresponds to the Asquempont Member of the Early to lower Middle Cambrian Oisquercq Formation. A pre-cleavage fault breccia, initially interpreted as a microconglomerate, separates units III and IV. This fault, responsible for the removal of at least 4500 m of sediments is interpreted as a low-angle extensional detachment belonging to the Asquempont Detachment System.SCOPUS: re.jinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe
Investigation of combustion enhancement with biomass derived fuels blended with diesel
No full textAs the global demand for diesel and the growing concern over the economic and environmental viability of transportation fuels increase, various types of fuel additives are now being researched to meet these needs. Biofuels are of particular interest to the automobile industry because they have the potential to significantly reduce particulate matter (PM), hydrocarbon (HC), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Bio-fuels also contribute less to global CO2 emissions than fossil fuels due to their closed carbon cycle, as there is almost no net increase of CO2 emissions from bio-fuel combustion; the plants, from which biofuels are derived, absorb CO2 from the atmosphere.
As there is now bio-ethanol in gasoline, the analogous additive to diesel would be bio-butanol, another alcohol. The intermediate product in the bio-butanol production process is a mixture of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE). Due to the fact that engines do not require pure mixtures to combust, there is a potential to reduce production costs by using the ABE and diesel directly without the need for the distillation of bio-butanol. Various blends of ABE and diesel (with different ratios of acetone, n-butanol, and ethanol) were studied under various engine and constant volume chamber conditions. The results obtained demonstrate the potential of ABE as an alternative fuel for diesel and explain the effects of the ABE components on the combustion process.
While there are concerns in regards to the degradation of plastics due to the acetone in ABE, the amount of acetone in the blends is low. Even so, the ABE mixture can be changed into isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) in a single bio-chemical step. This process would still be less expensive than the distillation process for obtaining pure butanol. Similar to the ABE experiments, IBE and diesel blends were studied under numerous experimental conditions. The results show that IBE can also be used as a diesel surrogate and the results are compared with those of the ABE blends. These two datasets obtained are valuable for future combustion mechanism and model validation.
However, ABE and IBE still require the use of arable land. Alternatively, if it is possible to utilize bio-waste streams as a source for fuel, it would be possible to free up land previously used for growing the feedstocks. One method of creating fuel out of waste streams is hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), which is different from other methods as it uses the water from the bio-waste as the reaction medium. Even though fuel can be created from those processes, it is still a concern whether or not it can be utilized within a diesel engine properly. The HTL blend that was tested was sourced from a food waste stream. The preliminary results show that the HTL-diesel blend showed higher soot emissions, but with power generation equivalent to that of diesel.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2021-12-01The student, Timothy Lee, accepted the attached license on 2019-12-04 at 20:11.The student, Timothy Lee, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2019-12-05 at 21:46.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2019-12-06 at 17:03.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #14638 on 2020-02-28 at 17:37:01Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-02T22:38:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Native oxidation of aluminum-bearing III-V semiconductors with applications to edge- and surface-emitting lasers and to the stabilization of light emitting diodes
No full textIn this work, a water vapor oxidation process is used to convert high Al composition \rm Al\sb{x}Ga\sb{1-x}As to a stable native oxide. The native oxides described are formed at temperatures in the range of 400\rm\sp\circ C to 500\rm\sp\circ C. Some of the basic properties of the native oxide are described. These properties include the insulating and diffusion masking nature of the oxide as well as the anisotropic behavior of the oxidation process."The high quality native oxide is then applied to laser devices in the \rm Al\sb{x}Ga\sb{1-x}As-GaAs and \rm Al\sb{y}Ga\sb{1 -y}As-GaAs-In\rm\sb{x}Ga\sb{1-x}As material systems and to the stabilization of \rm Al\sb{y}Ga\sb{1-y}As-\rm In\sb{0.5}(Al\sb{x}Ga\sb{1-x})\sb{0.5}P light emitting diodes. Data are presented on a high-performance native-oxide coupled-stripe \rm Al\sb{y}Ga\sb{1-y}As-GaAs-In\rm\sb{x}Ga\sb{1-x}As quantum well heterostructure laser array realized by the ""wet"" oxidation of the upper \rm Al\sb{y}Ga\sb{1-y}As confining layer for current definition. Also, data are presented on the (300 K and 77 K) continuous photopumped laser operation of oxide-embedded \rm Al\sb{y}Ga\sb{1-y}As-GaAs-In\rm\sb{x}Ga\sb{1-x}As quantum-well heterostructures. The active region is sandwiched within native-oxide-semiconductor stacks. The native-oxide layers are formed after crystal growth by selectively oxidizing along high Al-composition heterolayers. The active region is shown to remain intact without any significant degradation in laser performance. The oxide-embedded laser structure is optimized for vertical-cavity laser operation utilizing large-index-step high-contrast distributed Bragg reflector mirrors formed by the selective lateral oxidation process. Edge- and vertical-cavity photopumped operations of devices with short period upper and lower mirrors are demonstrated. The vertical-cavity lasers also exhibit ""hot""-carrier recombination."Finally, data are presented on the electrical behavior and the reliabillty of post-fabrication native-oxide-passivated visible-spectrum AlGaAs-In(AlGa)P p-n heterostructure light emitting diodes (LEDs). The LEDs are oxidized after metallization, thus sealing all of the exposed AlGaAs crystal at cracks, fissures, and edges against atmospheric hydrolysis without degrading their light-output characteristics. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the oxide-passivated LEDs are shown to exhibit normal p-n diode behavior. Above all, the reliability of the oxidized devices in high-humidity conditions is greatly improved compared to those of otherwise identical unoxidized LEDs.Made available in DSpace on 2011-05-07T13:58:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Native oxidation of aluminum-bearing III-V semiconductors with applications to edge- and surface-emitting lasers and to the stabilization of light emitting diodes
No full textIn this work, a water vapor oxidation process is used to convert high Al composition \rm Al\sb{x}Ga\sb{1-x}As to a stable native oxide. The native oxides described are formed at temperatures in the range of 400\rm\sp\circ C to 500\rm\sp\circ C. Some of the basic properties of the native oxide are described. These properties include the insulating and diffusion masking nature of the oxide as well as the anisotropic behavior of the oxidation process.The high quality native oxide is then applied to laser devices in the \rm Al\sb{x}Ga\sb{1-x}As-GaAs and \rm Al\sb{y}Ga\sb{1 -y}As-GaAs-In\rm\sb{x}Ga\sb{1-x}As material systems and to the stabilization of \rm Al\sb{y}Ga\sb{1-y}As-\rm In\sb{0.5}(Al\sb{x}Ga\sb{1-x})\sb{0.5}P light emitting diodes. Data are presented on a high-performance native-oxide coupled-stripe \rm Al\sb{y}Ga\sb{1-y}As-GaAs-In\rm\sb{x}Ga\sb{1-x}As quantum well heterostructure laser array realized by the "wet" oxidation of the upper \rm Al\sb{y}Ga\sb{1-y}As confining layer for current definition. Also, data are presented on the (300 K and 77 K) continuous photopumped laser operation of oxide-embedded \rm Al\sb{y}Ga\sb{1-y}As-GaAs-In\rm\sb{x}Ga\sb{1-x}As quantum-well heterostructures. The active region is sandwiched within native-oxide-semiconductor stacks. The native-oxide layers are formed after crystal growth by selectively oxidizing along high Al-composition heterolayers. The active region is shown to remain intact without any significant degradation in laser performance. The oxide-embedded laser structure is optimized for vertical-cavity laser operation utilizing large-index-step high-contrast distributed Bragg reflector mirrors formed by the selective lateral oxidation process. Edge- and vertical-cavity photopumped operations of devices with short period upper and lower mirrors are demonstrated. The vertical-cavity lasers also exhibit "hot"-carrier recombination.Finally, data are presented on the electrical behavior and the reliabillty of post-fabrication native-oxide-passivated visible-spectrum AlGaAs-In(AlGa)P p-n heterostructure light emitting diodes (LEDs). The LEDs are oxidized after metallization, thus sealing all of the exposed AlGaAs crystal at cracks, fissures, and edges against atmospheric hydrolysis without degrading their light-output characteristics. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristics of the oxide-passivated LEDs are shown to exhibit normal p-n diode behavior. Above all, the reliability of the oxidized devices in high-humidity conditions is greatly improved compared to those of otherwise identical unoxidized LEDs.U of I OnlyETDs are only available to UIUC Users without author permissio
Reforming institutions for service delivery : a framework for development assistance with an application to the health, nutrition, and population portfolio
No full textWorld Development Report 1997: The State in a Changing World (report no. 17300) argued that institutions-the rules of the game that govern production and exchange-shape a country's prospects for sustained market-led growth. The author provides an institutional framework for service delivery, an essential component of state capability. He applies this framework to an evaluation of Bank support for service delivery in the health, nutrition, and population sector. He argues for greater institutional pluralism in the ways the World Bank does business in infrastructure, rural, and social sectors, but cautions against making efficient service delivery an issue of"state versus market."The Bank and its clients face the challenge of fitting menus of"better practice"delivery options to maps of institutional reality. In the health, nutrition, and population sector, the Bank should (1) unbundle and categorize essential health and clinical services according to goods characteristics and (2) integrate country knowledge into operations through upstream assessments of state, political, and social institutions. Overall, the Bank has made progress toward a"goods characteristics"approach, particularly in infrastructure and some rural services-but it has lagged in the social sectors, where support remains largely technocratic. Cross-sector comparisons reveal four generations of support for service delivery. First-generation support focused mainly on physical implementation of projects. Second-generation interventions, which characterized most social service interventions, focused on improving the financial and organizational viability of implementing agencies through technical assistance. Third-generation support was marked by significant unbundling of service delivery activities and clearer links to goods characteristics. In irrigation (1982-94), telecommunications (1980s-present), and transport (1990s), the one-size-fits-all monopoly model gave way to a range of options based on greater private sector and citizen participation in delivery. These included leases, concessions, outsourcing, and contracting as well as building, operating, transfer, and turnover schemes. Fourth-generation interventions are works-in-progress and represent efforts to develop new governance arrangements that systematically combine competition, voice, and hierarchy in the design, delivery, and monitoring of Bank projects. The Bank has a poor track record building country knowledge of institutional endowments that affect service delivery. The author identifies concepts and tools valuable for sector specialists'operations.Enterprise Development&Reform,Public Health Promotion,Health Economics&Finance,Decentralization,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Governance Indicators,Poverty Assessment,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Health Economics&Finance
Outputs of the Jupyter Notebook - Concatenating a gridded rainfall reanalysis dataset into a time series
No full textThe dataset contains the outputs of the notebook "Concatenating a gridded rainfall reanalysis dataset into a time series" published in The Environmental Data Science Book.
Contributions
Notebook
Timothy Lam (author), University of Exeter, @timo0thy
Marlene Kretschmer (author), University of Reading, @MarleneKretschmer
Samantha Adams (author), Met Office Informatics Lab, @svadams
Rachel Prudden (author), Met Office Informatics Lab, @RPrudden
Elena Saggioro (author), University of Reading, @ESaggioro
Nick Homer (reviewer), University of Edinburgh, @NHomer
Alejandro Coca-Castro (reviewer), The Alan Turing Institute, @acocac
Dataset originator/creator
NOAA National Center for Environmental Prediction (creator)
Dataset authors
Eugenia Kalnay, Director, NCEP Environmental Modeling Center
Dataset documentation
E. Kalnay, M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, W. Collins, D. Deaven, L. Gandin, M. Iredell, S. Saha, G. White, J. Woollen, Y. Zhu, M. Chelliah, W. Ebisuzaki, W. Higgins, J. Janowiak, K. C. Mo, C. Ropelewski, J. Wang, A. Leetmaa, R. Reynolds, Roy Jenne, and Dennis Joseph. The ncep/ncar 40-year reanalysis project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77(3):437 – 472, 1996. URL: https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/77/3/1520-0477_1996_077_0437_tnyrp_2_0_co_2.xml, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1996)0772.0.CO;2.
Pipeline documentation
Marlene Kretschmer, Samantha V. Adams, Alberto Arribas, Rachel Prudden, Niall Robinson, Elena Saggioro, and Theodore G. Shepherd. Quantifying causal pathways of teleconnections. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 102(12):E2247 – E2263, 2021. URL: https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/bams/102/12/BAMS-D-20-0117.1.xml, doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-20-0117.1
Cross-Linking DOI Author URIs Using Research Networking Systems
No full textA proof-of-concept application was created to automatically cross-link publications that were written by the same person through harvesting linked open data from institution-based research networking systems. This is important because it (1) helps people identify related articles when exploring the biomedical literature, (2) gives scientists appropriate credit for the work they have done, and (3) makes it easier to find experts in a subject area
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