21,386 research outputs found
Recent Results From the EU POF-PLUS Project: Multi-Gigabit Transmission Over 1 mm Core Diameter Plastic Optical Fibers
No full textRecent activity to achieve multi-gigabit transmission over 1 mm core diameter graded-index and step-index plastic optical fibers for distances up to 50 meters is reported in this paper. By employing a simple intensity-modulated direct-detection system with pulse amplitude or digital multi-tone modulation techniques, low-cost transceivers and easy to install large-core POFs, it is demonstrated that multi-gigabit transmission up to 10 Gbit/s over 1-mm core diameter POF infrastructure is feasible. The results presented in this paper were obtained in the EU FP7 POF-PLUS project, which focused on applications in different scenarios, such as in next-generation in-building residential networks and in datacom applications
Aphelochaeta guimondi Dean & Blake, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textAphelochaeta guimondi sp. nov. Figures 1 B–C, 2 D, 3 C Aphelochaeta longisetosa: Dean 1996 a (in part). Not Hartmann-Schröder, 1965. Aphelochaeta glandaria: Dean 2004 (in part). Not Blake, 1996. Material examined. Gulf of Nicoya; Sta. 24, 949 ʹ 25 ″N, 84 ° 41 ʹ 20 ″W, 11 m, sand, Oct 1981, Holotype (MCZ 132798); Sta. 24, 9° 49 ʹ 25 ″N, 84 ° 41 ʹ 20 ″W, 11 m, sand, Oct 1980 (71), Jan 1981 (2). Oct 1981, 1 Paratype (MZUCR 363 -01); Sta. 28, 9° 52 ʹ 16 ″N, 84 ° 45 ʹ 30 ″W, 26 m, mud, Oct 1980 (3); Sta. 29, 9° 54 ʹ 55 ″N, 8445 ʹ 15 ″W, 18 m, muddy sand, Jul 1980 (3), Oct 1980 (2), Jan 1981 (1), Jun 1981, 4 Paratypes (MZUCR 364 -01), 1 Paratype (MCZ 132799 (SEM)) (1), Aug 1981 (2), Apr 1982 (4); Sta. 30, 9° 54 ʹ 40 ″N, 84 ° 45 ʹ 50 ″W, 18 m, muddy sand, Jan 1981, 2 Paratypes (MCZ 132800) (1), Aug 1981 (1). Description. An elongate, narrow species, holotype in two pieces (anterior 2.4 mm, posterior 17.6 mm), 20.0 mm long, 0.3 mm wide in thoracic region, slightly narrower in abdomen, expanded posterior end 0.4 mm wide; with 118 setigers, thoracic region 18 setigers, eight times as wide as long, slightly rounded dorsally with median ridge (Fig. 1 B, 3 C), flattened ventrally, larger specimens with more greatly expanded thoracic region; remainder of body rounded dorsally, flattened ventrally with mid ventral groove, setigers two times as wide as long; expanded posterior end with 27 crowded setigers, with wide, shallow, ventral furrow, setigers up to ten times as wide as long; pygidium simple ventral lobe. Color in alcohol white. Prostomium narrow, conical with rounded tip, slightly longer than wide, with prominent dorsal crest, continuing over dorsum to about setiger 10; unpigmented nuchal organs present on posterior-lateral margin of prostomium. Peristomium as long as wide, with three annulations, second annulation about one-half length of first, third almost three times length of second; dorsal tentacles located at posterior border of peristomium and setiger 1, lateral to dorsal crest (Fig. 1 B–C). First branchiae posterior-lateral to dorsal tentacles at anterior border of setiger 1; subsequent thoracic branchiae at dorsal posterior border of notopodial lobe becoming more dorsal, shifting medially and further separated from notosetae on medial surface of shoulder; branchiae in abdominal region at posterior border of notopodia, dorso-lateral to and some distance from notosetae. Thoracic parapodia robust ridges, with notosetae emerging dorso-laterally with swollen notopodial lobes extending medially, forming a well-defined channel along dorsum (Fig. 1 B); abdominal setigers with parapodia poorly developed with setae emerging from lateral body wall. Notosetae and neurosetae emerging close to one another throughout (Fig. 2 D). Setae capillaries with occasional fibrils visible using oil immersion (1000 x), SEM revealing numerous, long delicate fibrils emerging along one side of seta providing a plume-like appearance to setae (Fig. 2 D). Thoracic region with 8–14 long, fibrillated notosetae, mid-body with up to 15 notosetae occurring in double rows, including up to five thin, smooth natatory setae in anterior row and 7–10 slightly shorter but wider fibrillated notosetae in posterior row (Fig. 2 D), reduced to 4–6 in posterior segments; neurosetae 7–8 fibrillated setae in thorax, 7–12 in mid-body, reduced to 3–5 setae in posterior segments. Methyl Green Staining Pattern. Venter of posterior half of thorax staining dark blue, prostomium and peristomium unstained, remainder of body weak blue-green (Fig. 3 C). Remarks. Important in the identification of Aphelochaeta guimondi sp. nov. is the wide mid-dorsal channel along the thorax and the extension of the prostomial dorsal crest as a mid-dorsal thoracic crest (Fig 1 B). The long fibrils of the setae (often not visible with light microscopy) is a noticeable character for this species. The long narrow, pointed prostomium of A. guimondi sp. nov. is similar to that of A. monilaris (Hartman, 1960), as is the expanded thorax and posterior end. The peristomium is longer than wide in A. guimondi sp. nov. and subequally as wide as long in A. monilaris. The first branchial pair occurs on setiger 1 in A. guimondi sp. nov. and on the peristomium in A. monilaris, additionally the thoracic branchiae of A. guimondi are dorsally separated from the notosetae becoming located on the edge of the mid-dorsal channel, whereas in A. monilaris they are close to the notosetae. The middle body setigers of A. monilaris are typically moniliform but are not in A. guimondi sp. nov. While both species stain intensely on the ventral surface of thoracic segments, the stain forms bands on the anterior segmental margins of A. monilaris, whereas in A. guimondi sp. nov. the staining is more uniform over the ventral surface; the tip of the prostomium is unstained in A. guimondi sp. nov. but is stained in A. monilaris. Etymology. This species is named after Professor Robert Guimond, University of Massachusetts, Boston in recognition of his dedication to his students and in the friendship and kindnesses to the first author (HKD) which have sustained his academic career and research efforts for many years. Distribution. Collected in the Gulf of Nicoya from 11–26 m in mud, muddy sand, and sandy sediments.Published as part of Dean, Harlan K. & Blake, James A., 2016, Aphelochaeta (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, with a description of five new species, pp. 101-116 in Zootaxa 4103 (2) on pages 106-108, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25913
Caulleriella moralesensis Dean & Blake, 2007, sp. nov.
No full textCaulleriella moralesensis sp. nov. Figure 10 A–D. Material Examined. Costa Rica, Golfo de Nicoya. Holotype: Punta Morales, Playa Blanca, 10 °04'N, 84 ° 58 'W, lower intertidal zone, muddy sand, 20 Dec 1986, (MCZ 67153). Paratype: Punta Morales, Playa Blanca, 10 °04'N, 84 ° 58 'W, lower intertidal zone, muddy sand, 20 Dec 1986, (MCZ 68796, SEM preparation). Holotype 12.9 mm long, 0.5 mm wide for 99 setigers, paratype (SEM preparation) 15.3 mm long, 0.3 mm wide for 93 setigers. Body elongate, anterior region slightly wider than middle and posterior regions, weakly flattened dorsoventrally, remainder of body circular in cross-section; setigers short in anterior region, longer in middle and posterior setigers. Notopodia and neuropodia widely separated; anterior region with dorsal depression between two upraised notopodial lobes forming shallow mid-dorsal groove extending to setiger 8; middle and posterior parapodia low ridges; shallow mid-ventral depression extending length of body. Pygidium a simple rounded lobe (Fig. 10 C), anus ventral. Color in alcohol light tan. Prostomium short, tapered with pair of small, rounded nuchal organs located laterally beneath overlying peristomial crest (Fig. 10 A B). Peristomium large, overhanging much of prostomium dorsally; with three annulations, anterior annulation approximately 3 × length of second annulation, second annulation approximately 2 × length of third, with dorsum of third annulation extending posteriorly onto setiger 1. Dorsal tentacles arising from posterior margin of third annulation. First setiger reduced dorsally due to encroachment of peristomium. First and subsequent pairs of branchiae emerging dorsal to notopodial fascicles, posterior half of body abranchiate. Notosetae of setigers 5–7 unilimbate capillaries, single bidentate notopodial hook present from setiger 23 accompanied by four capillaries; next setiger with three hooks and two capillaries, subsequent setigers with pair of hooks accompanied by 1–2 capillary setae, continuing through far posterior setigers (Fig. 10 D). Neuropodia with short, slightly curved, bidentate hooks accompanied by capillaries; setiger 1 with row of seven bidentate hooks accompanied by four capillaries similar to those of notopodia, by setiger 4 only two capillaries accompany the seven hooks, midbody and far posterior neuropodia with three hooks accompanied by 1–2 thin capillaries (Fig. 10 D). Notopodial hooks slightly curved, bidentate, neuropodial hooks shorter than notopodial hooks, bidentate with distally directed subequal teeth. Methyl green staining pattern. Prostomium and pygidium unstained, remainder of body uniformly light blue green. Habitat. Known only from muddy sand in the lower intertidal zone of Punta Morales. Remarks. Caulleriella moralesensis sp. nov. is similar to C. alata from the Irish coast, both in the first occurrence of notopodial and neuropodial hooks and in the presence of capillary setae accompanying the neuropodial hooks. C moralesensis sp. nov. is a much smaller species, however, than C. alata which is 10–12 mm in length for 100–110 setigers (Southern 1914). Additionally, the hooks of C. alata are limbate while those of C. moralesensis sp. nov. are smooth and alimbate. Etymology. This species is named for the collecting site off Playa Blanca, Punta Morales, Costa Rica. Caulleriella moralesensis A. Lateral view of anterior end B. Dorsal view of anterior end C. Pygidial region, left lateral view D. Posterior setiger, anterior view. Scale bars: A,B = 0.2 mm, C,D = 0.05 mm. a = annulations, no = nuchal organ.Published as part of Dean, Harlan K. & Blake, James A., 2007, Chaetozone and Caulleriella (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica, with description of eight new species, pp. 41-68 in Zootaxa 1451 on pages 58-59, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17626
Chaetozone acuminata Dean & Blake, 2007, sp. nov.
No full textChaetozone acuminata sp. nov. Figure 1 (A–D). Material examined. Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica. Holotype: Sta. 23, 9° 48 ' 35 "N, 84 ° 43 ' 50 "W, 35 m, mud, 11 Jul 1980, (USNM 80164 A). Paratypes: same sample (11 USNM 80164 B). Comparative material examined. Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica. Sta. 23, 9° 48 ' 35 "N, 84 ° 43 ' 50 "W, 35 m, mud, 11 Jul 1980 (2 HKD). A small (defined as having an average body length of less than 5.0 mm) species, holotype 9.2 mm long, 0.2 mm wide anteriorly, 0.3 mm wide across middle of body, for 52 setigers; a second complete paratype 6.9 mm long, 0.2 mm wide anteriorly, 0.3 mm wide across middle of body, for 44 setigers. Body long, narrow, cylindrical, with anterior region narrower than midbody region, with middle and posterior setigers somewhat moniliform, parapodial lobes low, inconspicuous, with spines of posterior setigers forming complete cinctures having narrow dorsal and ventral gaps. Pygidium truncate, anus dorsal with ventral rounded lip (Fig. 1 C). Color pale tan in alcohol. Prostomium conical, pointed, partially concealed dorsally by overhanging peristomium, with pair of round, ciliated nuchal organs laterally (Fig. 1 A B). Peristomium with prominent dorsal extension above prostomium; three asetigerous annulations present, with first two annulations subequal in length, third annulation longer than first two. Dorsal tentacles emerging from posterior margin of third annulation; first branchiae on setiger 1, dorsal to notosetal bundle, similar in subsequent branchiae. Anterior and midbody regions with 4–6 long, fimbriated, capillary notosetae; spines from setiger 28 in holotype (26–29 in other specimens) with single spine accompanied by three capillaries, subsequently with three spines and four capillaries grading to six spines and six capillaries of varying length in posterior body region (Fig. 1 D); neurosetae of anterior region 5–8 fimbriated, capillary setae, spines first present from setiger 26 in holotype (21-28 in other specimens) as single spine accompanied by three capillaries, then in next two setigers with four spines accompanied by two capillaries, posteriorly with row of six spines of varying length each accompanied by hair-like capillary, most dorsal capillary seta in neuropodia approximately 2 × length of other setae in fascicle (Fig. 1 D). Spines long, narrow, unidentate in posterior region dorsalmost notosetal spine and ventralmost neurosetal spine may be bidentate. Methyl green staining pattern. Prostomium and peristomium not staining; peristomium staining only slightly; remainder of body staining a uniform light green. Habitat. Known only from mud, 35 m in the Golfo de Nicoya. Remarks. Chaetozone acuminata sp. nov. is an unusual species of Chaetozone due to the elongate nature of the peristomium and the narrow anterior body region. The thin, elongate spines are somewhat similar to those of C. nicoyana sp. nov., Chaetozone commonalis Blake, 1996 and Chaetozone curvata Hartmann- Schröder, 1965 but the spines of these species have recurved tips, whereas, the spines of C. acuminata sp. nov. have blunt tips. The narrow pre-tentacular and anterior body region of C. acuminata sp. nov. is also different from the body forms of the other three species. Based upon the first occurrence of notopodial and neuropodial spines, C. acuminata sp. nov. is similar to Chaetozone christiei Chambers, 2000 but the body morphology is very different. The spines of C. christiei appear to be somewhat long and thin with a unidentate tip similar to those of C. acuminata sp. nov. although they are not well illustrated by Chambers (2000). Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin acuminus, meaning sharply pointed and is in reference to the narrow, pointed anterior region of the body of this species.Published as part of Dean, Harlan K. & Blake, James A., 2007, Chaetozone and Caulleriella (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica, with description of eight new species, pp. 41-68 in Zootaxa 1451 on pages 42-44, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17626
Employing M1 direct calibration/de-embedding approaches for large signal model validation at mm-wave frequencies
No full textIn this contribution, we employ direct calibration/de-embedding approaches to validate the large signal device model of state-of-the-art HBTs and CMOS technologies operating in the mm-wave frequency band WR6. The capability of placing the first tier calibration reference plane in close proximity to the DUT allows the large signal metric to be directly compared with foundry models.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic
Older people, food and satisfaction with life
No full textDietary intake and nutritional status not only play a major role in the overall quality of health of older people but also have impact on their satisfaction with life (Sahyoun, 1999, Vailas et al., 1998). Silverman et al. (2002) argue that the type of food eaten and the social cultural context all make significant contributions to older people’s satisfaction with their quality of life. Investigating satisfaction with food-related life of older people has high significance for several reasons. Firstly, food and energy intake tend to decrease with ageing for a number of both physiological and practical reasons including reduced activity (immobility), reduced muscle tissue, a lower resting metabolic rate and smaller meals (Macintosch et al., 2000; Prinsley & Sandstead, 1990). This reduced energy intake, also known as “anorexia of aging”, is a potential health risk because, although food intake is reduced with age, the need for most nutrients does not decrease with age. Secondly, ageing affects the ability to taste and smell. Also seniors are less sensitive to all the basic tastes and particularly smells. Both the ability to detect tastes and smells and their intensity declines with age and it has been suggested (Rolls, 1999; Westenhoefer, 2005) that sensory losses accompanying aging may even be partly responsible for the reduced intake of foods (see chapter XXX). Further as people get older their living circumstances may alter. For example, as people retire their level of income may reduce and their social network may also diminish. As health fails, access to shops and amenities may become a problem. As people loose their living companions due to death of spouse or children leaving home, cooking arrangements may change. All these factors compound as people get older, affecting older people’s relationship with food and in turn their satisfaction with food-related life. By identifying which factors are important and what can be altered, it may be possible to increase older people’s satisfaction with food and in turn contribute to a better quality of life. This chapter looks at food related satisfaction with life of older people, identifying some of the determinants and barriers to satisfaction with food related quality of life, and discusse
Older people, food and satisfaction with life
No full textDietary intake and nutritional status not only play a major role in the overall quality of health of older people but also have impact on their satisfaction with life (Sahyoun, 1999, Vailas et al., 1998). Silverman et al. (2002) argue that the type of food eaten and the social cultural context all make significant contributions to older people’s satisfaction with their quality of life. Investigating satisfaction with food-related life of older people has high significance for several reasons. Firstly, food and energy intake tend to decrease with ageing for a number of both physiological and practical reasons including reduced activity (immobility), reduced muscle tissue, a lower resting metabolic rate and smaller meals (Macintosch et al., 2000; Prinsley & Sandstead, 1990). This reduced energy intake, also known as “anorexia of aging”, is a potential health risk because, although food intake is reduced with age, the need for most nutrients does not decrease with age. Secondly, ageing affects the ability to taste and smell. Also seniors are less sensitive to all the basic tastes and particularly smells. Both the ability to detect tastes and smells and their intensity declines with age and it has been suggested (Rolls, 1999; Westenhoefer, 2005) that sensory losses accompanying aging may even be partly responsible for the reduced intake of foods (see chapter XXX). Further as people get older their living circumstances may alter. For example, as people retire their level of income may reduce and their social network may also diminish. As health fails, access to shops and amenities may become a problem. As people loose their living companions due to death of spouse or children leaving home, cooking arrangements may change. All these factors compound as people get older, affecting older people’s relationship with food and in turn their satisfaction with food-related life. By identifying which factors are important and what can be altered, it may be possible to increase older people’s satisfaction with food and in turn contribute to a better quality of life. This chapter looks at food related satisfaction with life of older people, identifying some of the determinants and barriers to satisfaction with food related quality of life, and discusse
Chaetozone nicoyana Dean & Blake, 2007, sp. nov.
No full textChaetozone nicoyana sp. nov. Figure 5 A–E, 7 A B. Material Examined. Costa Rica, Gulf of Nicoya. Holtype: Sta. 29, 9° 54 ' 55 "N, 84 ° 45 ' 15 "W, 18 m, muddy sand, (MCZ 67145). Paratypes: Sta. 29, 9° 54 ' 55 "N, 84 ° 45 ' 15 "W, 18 m, muddy sand, (10 USNM 80141); Sta. 32, 9° 53 ' 47 "N, 84 ° 49 ' 35 "W, 24 m, mud and sand, 11 Jul 1981, (1 MCZ 67146; 2 UCRMZ 129). Comparative material examined. Costa Rica, Gulf of Nicoya. Sta. 3, 9° 52 '00"N, 84 ° 48 ' 10 "W, 33 m, sandy mud, 10 Jul 1980 (1 USNM 80130). Sta. 4, 9° 53 ' 40 "N, 84 ° 46 ' 10 "W, 40 m, mud, 10 Jul 1980 (5 HKD). Sta. 12, 9° 46 ' 15 "N, 84 ° 41 ' 50 "W, 44 m, mud, 10 Jul 1980 (2 USNM 80131, 80132). Sta. 13, 9° 52 ' 30 "N, 84 ° 43 ' 50 "W, 26 m, 10 Jul 1980 (4 USNM 80133). Sta. 14, 9° 57 '05"N, 84 ° 45 ' 30 "W, 9 m, sandy mud, 10 Jul 1980 (5 USNM 80134). Sta. 15, 9° 57 ' 40 "N, 84 ° 47 '00"W, 15 m, sandy mud, 10 Jul 1980 (1 HKD). Sta. 22, 9° 48 ' 25 "N, 84 ° 52 ' 40 "W, 22 m, muddy sand, 11 Jul 1980 (2 USNM 80120, 80135). Sta. 23, 9° 48 ' 35 "N, 84 ° 43 ' 50 "W, 35 m, mud, 10 Jul 1980 (2 USNM 80136). Sta. 24, 9° 49 ' 25 "N, 84 ° 41 ' 20 "W, 11 m, sand, 1 Oct 1980 (7 HKD, as sp. B of Dean 1996 a and sp. D of Dean 2004), 27 Jan 1981 (2 HKD), 4 Apr 1981 (5 HKD), 7 Jun 1981 (19 HKD), 4 Aug 1981 (16 HKD). Sta. 26, 9° 51 ' 50 "N, 84 ° 53 ' 20 "W, 17 m, muddy sand, 11 Jul 1980 (1 USNM 80137). Sta. 27, 9° 51 ' 57 "N, 84 ° 50 ' 50 "W, 12 m, muddy sand, 11 Jul 1980 (2 USNM 80138). Sta. 28, 9° 52 ' 16 "N, 84 ° 45 ' 30 "W, 26 m, mud, 11 Jul 1980 (1 HKD), 1 Oct 1980 (4 HKD), 4 Apr 1981 (5 HKD), 7 Jun 1981 (7 HKD), 4 Aug 1981 (6 HKD). Sta. 29, 9° 54 ' 55 "N, 84 ° 45 ' 15 "W, 18 m, muddy sand, 11 Jul 1980 (1 USNM 80139), 27 Jan 1981 (4 HKD), 4 Aug 1981 (54 HKD). Sta. 30, 9° 54 ' 40 "N, 84 ° 45 ' 50 "W, 18 m, muddy sand, 11 Jul 1980 (1 USNM 80140), 1 Oct 1980 (6 HKD), 27 Jan 1981 (11 HKD), 4 Apr 1981 (8 HKD), 4 Aug 1981 (15 HKD). Sta. 33, 9° 53 ' 40 "N, 84 ° 53 ' 20 "W, 11 m, mud, 11 Jul 1980 (2 HKD). Sta. 36, 9° 55 ' 32 "N, 84 ° 45 ' 20 "W, 18 m, sandy mud, 10 Jul 1980 (1 HKD). Sta. 44, 9° 59 ' 17 "N, 84 ° 54 ' 25 "W, 24 m, muddy sand, 10 Jul 1980 (1 USNM 80144). An elongate, medium-size species with wide anterior region of approximately 10 short setigers, middle and posterior region slightly moniliform, with setigers as long as, or longer than wide; podial lobes forming partial cinctures. Holotype 7.45 mm long and 0.3 mm wide for 50 setigers; complete paratypes 4.9 mm long and 0.2 mm wide for 50 setigers and 4.1 mm long and 0.15 mm wide for 47 setigers (USNM 80141). Pygidium short cone with laterally expanded flap extending ventrally to, and beyond, anal opening (Fig. 5 C). Color in alcohol uniformly light tan. Prostomium narrow, tapering with pair of oval, lateral nuchal organs at posterior border (Figs. 5 A B; 7 A). Peristomium slightly overlapping rear of prostomium, with three annulations; second and third annulations subequal in length, each approximately 2 × as long as first annulation; second and third annulations with slightly swollen dorsal crest (Figs. 5 B, 7 A). Dorsal tentacles emerging from posterior margin of third peristomial annulation; first pair of branchiae emerging posterior to and slightly lateral to tentacular bases from asetigerous first segment fused with setiger 1; subsequent branchiae on posterodorsal margin of segments dorsal to notosetal fascicles, extending to far posterior region. Parapodia reduced to simple swollen lobes; notopodial and neuropodial lobes adjacent throughout. Notosetae of anterior region long, finely pilose capillaries, 5–7 per fascicle; long, thin spines from setiger 20 in holotype (16–20 in other specimens), initially with single transitional seta similar to other capillaries but with spinous tip; following setigers with 3–4 spines accompanied by 3–4 pilose capillaries, grading rapidly in subsequent setigers to anterior row of 3–5 spines accompanied by posterior row of 3–4 longer, spines (Fig. 5 D). Neurosetal fascicles in anterior region with 6–8 pilose capillaries, spines appearing from setiger 12 in holotype (12–15 in other specimens); initially with three spines accompanied by three capillaries, then grading to anterior row of 3–5 spines accompanied by posterior row of 3–5 longer, more narrow spines (Figs. 5 D, 7 B); notosetal and neurosetal fascicles with reduced numbers of setae in far posterior setigers. Spines long, thin and straight with fine tip bending back and adhering to shaft (Fig. 5 E). Methyl green staining pattern. Body uniformly light blue with anterior segments staining more intensely; anterior region with darkly staining, midventral line. Prostomium and dorsum of peristomium and asetigerous segments, as well as far posterior body region, unstained. Habitat. A widespread subtidal species in the Gulf of Nicoya, mud and sand, 9–44 m depth. Remarks. Chaetozone nicoyana sp. nov. is similar to C. curvata, C. commonalis, Chaetozone anasimus Doner & Blake, 2006 off New England, and Chaetozone allanotai Blake, 2006 from deep water off northern California, in having acicular spines with a fine recurved tip that adheres to the setal shaft. The first occurrence of these spines is much earlier in C. nicoyana sp. nov. (setigers 12–14) than in the related species, where the spines do not begin prior to setiger 40. Additionally, the double row of spines in both rami of C. nicoyana sp. nov. is unlike the single rows of spines that form partial cinctures in the posterior setigers of the related species. Etymology. The specific name refers to the common occurrence of this species subtidally in the Golfo de Nicoya.Published as part of Dean, Harlan K. & Blake, James A., 2007, Chaetozone and Caulleriella (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica, with description of eight new species, pp. 41-68 in Zootaxa 1451 on pages 49-50, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17626
Caulleriella parvinasa Blake & Dean 2019, new species
No full textCaulleriella parvinasa new species Figure 7 urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 79F663D9-6BEF-4F8C-8850-C605753050FA Material examined. Caribbean Sea, Carib 1, R/V Alpha Helix , Honduras, Cayo Aspero, Isla de Utila, Sta. MS-48-500, 16°04.8ʹN, 87°00.2ʹW, 14 July 1977, intertidal, meiobenthic sled, depth 1–10 cm in algae and sand and along a sandy beach interface on leeward side, holotype (USNM 1557508). Description. A small species, holotype complete, 3.7 mm long and 0.5 mm wide across thorax for 56 setigers. Anterior or thoracic region wide with crowded segments and notopodial tori elevated over dorsum for 35 setigers. Body rectangular in cross section with thickened notopodial ridge at superior corners and low neuropodial ridge at inferior corners. Neuropodia extending below venter in thoracic region forming a wide, flat groove on each segment for 35 thoracic setigers. Abdominal region a depressed oval in cross-section, parapodial lobes forming low ridges. Color in alcohol pale tan. Pre-setiger region triangular, widest posteriorly, about as wide as long at border with setiger 1 (Fig. 7A). Prostomium short, conical, pointed apically, with large, diffusely pigmented nuchal organs located dorsolaterally, but also visible dorsally (Fig. 7 A–B). Peristomium large, with three annular rings, second ring longest, widening posteriorly (Fig. 7 A–B), third ring extending over setiger 1 and onto dorsum of setiger 2; narrow mid-dorsal crest extending along most of peristomium including posterior extension over setigers 1–2. Dorsal tentacles visible as wide flattened scars at posterior margin of peristomium anterior to setiger 1 (Fig. 7B). First pair of branchiae on setiger 1, dorsal to notosetae; subsequent branchiae similarly positioned relative to notosetae; branchiae long and thin. Notosetae include 2–5 capillaries for first 27 setigers, bidentate hooks, accompanied by capillaries, from setiger 28, subsequent setigers with 2–5 hooks accompanied by 1–2 capillaries or, occasionally, capillaries lacking. Setiger 1 with six bidentate neuropodial hooks and single accompanying capillary; hooks increasing to 4–8 in subsequent setigers, sometimes accompanied with a capillary. Hooks with small apical tooth above main fang, crest or hood absent (Fig 7D). Last three body segments asetigerous, pygidium an elongate rounded cone with groove separating two lobes, anus dorsal (Fig. 7D). Methyl Green stain. No pattern; the body stains a uniform dark blue with exception of the unstained prostomium and pygidium. Remarks. Species with a similar first occurrence of the notopodial and neuropodial hooks and the emergence of the first branchiae on setiger 1 include Caulleriella cristata from central California, C. dulcensis Dean & Blake, 2007 from Costa Rica, and C. lajolla Blake, 1996 from southern California. The first occurrence of the neuropodial hooks is setiger 1 in all species; the first occurrence of notopodial hooks is setiger 28 in C. parvinasa n. sp., setiger 14–30 in C. cristata, setiger 23 in C. dulcensis, and setiger 25–26 in C. lajolla. However, all of the previously described species have dorsal tentacles emerging from above setiger 1 or 2 rather than the posterior margin of the peristomium as in C. parvinasa n. sp. Additionally C. dulcensis and C. lajolla lack the dorsal peristomial crest that is present in C. parvinasa n. sp. and C. cristata lacks accessory capillaries in all neuropodia while they are present in some anterior setigers in C. parvinasa n. sp. Etymology. This species name is from the Latin parvus for little or less and nasus for nose, in reference to the small, conical prostomium. Distribution. Honduras, known only intertidally from a sandy beach in Cayo Aspero, Isla de Utila; occurs in shallow (1–10 cm deep in the sediment) sand and algae.Published as part of Blake, James A. & Dean, Harlan K., 2019, New Species of Cirratulidae (Annelida, Polychaeta) from the Caribbean Sea, pp. 301-338 in Zootaxa 4671 (3) on pages 312-314, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.3.1, http://zenodo.org/record/344245
Aphelochaeta antelonga Dean & Blake, 2016, sp. nov.
No full textAphelochaeta antelonga sp. nov. Figures 1 A, 2 A–B, 3 A Aphelochaeta longisetosa: Dean 1996 a (in part). Not Hartmann-Schröder, 1965. Not Carrasco, 1977. Aphelochaeta glandaria: Dean 2004 (in part). Not Blake, 1996. Material examined. Gulf of Nicoya: Station (Sta.) 30, 9° 54 ʹ 40 ʹʹN, 84 ° 45 ʹ 50 ″W, 18 m, muddy sand, Aug 1981, Holotype (MCZ 132794); Sta. 29, 9° 54 ʹ 55 ″N, 84 ° 45 ʹ 15 ″W, 18 m, muddy sand, Oct 1980, 1 Paratype (MCZ 132796), (2), Jan 1981, (1), Apr 1981 (2), Jul 1981, 1 Paratype (MCZ 132795 (SEM)), (1), Apr 1982 (1). Bahia Culebra: Nicoyan Peninsula (NP) Sta. 15, 1036ʹ 35.4 ″N, 85 ° 40 ʹ 43.1 ″W, 18 m, sandy mud, Dec 1985, 1 Paratype (MZUCR 362 -01); Sta. NP 16, 10° 37 ʹ 9.1 ″N, 8540 ʹ 28.3 ″W, 22 m, sandy mud, Dec. 1985 (1); Sta. Bahia Culebra (BC) 6, 10° 35 ʹ 41.6 ″N, 85 ° 39 ʹ 3 ″W, 16 m, May 2011 (1); Sta. BC 16, 10° 37 ʹ 9.1 ″N, 85 ° 40 ʹ 28.3 ″W, 22 m, May 2011 (1). Description. A narrow-bodied species, thoracic region wider than remainder of body with 13 segments each 7.5 times wider than long (Fig. 1 A, 2 A), thorax dorso-ventrally rounded in cross section; abdominal setigers 1.5 – 2.0 times longer than wide, dorso-ventrally rounded. Holotype incomplete, 9.0 mm long, thoracic region 0.5 mm wide, remainder of body 0.25 mm wide for 38 setigers. All specimens incomplete, pygidium absent. Color in alcohol cream white. Prostomium short, narrow, rounded on anterior margin, as long as wide; nuchal organs rounded, small, located beneath peristomium at postero-lateral prostomial border; peristomium 2.5 times as long as wide with a weak, rounded dorsal crest and two annulations, second longer than first; both annulations with numerous transverse creases apparent with SEM; dorsal tentacles emerging from posterior margin of peristomium (Fig. 1 A, 2 A). First pair of branchiae arising posterior-lateral to dorsal tentacles on peristomium, subsequent branchiae postero-dorsal to notosetae from setiger 1. Parapodia in thoracic region low swellings, with setae emerging directly from body wall throughout. Setae thin capillaries with blade-like base and occasional fine fibrils; SEM revealing numerous long thin, pointed, fibrillar endings along one side of seta, some protruding (Fig. 2 B); setiger 1 with three notosetae and four neurosetae, remainder of thoracic setigers with 8–10 notosetae and 6–8 neurosetae; abdominal setigers with 25–28 notosetae and 16–20 neurosetae, each setal fascicle elongate capillaries with an anterior row of 5–8 shorter capillaries. Methyl green staining pattern. Body uniform light green, venter of thoracic setigers 8–12 darker green, prostomium and peristomium unstained (Fig. 3 A). Remarks. The most striking characteristic of this species is the long, biannulate peristomium and the relatively narrow prostomium that is rounded on the anterior margin (Fig. 1 A, 2 B). The posterior end is unknown but the elongate peristomium is most similar to that of Aphelochaeta elongata Blake, 1996 from Tomales Bay in northern California. Both these species also have a slightly expanded thorax relative to the rest of the body. The first pair of branchiae is found on the peristomium in A. antelonga sp. nov. but on setiger 1 in A. elongata; a median dorsal thoracic ridge is present in A. elongata while no such ridge occurs in A. antelonga sp. nov. Additionally, the thoracic segments are more crowded and the setae are fibrillated in A. antelonga sp. nov. whereas A. elongata has less crowded thoracic segments and the setae are smooth when using a light microscope; details using SEM are not known. The methyl green staining patterns of the two species also differ. Aphelochaeta elongata has transverse stripes on the thoracic venter while A. antelonga sp. nov. has a light blue staining thorax but no transverse stripes. Aphelochaeta malefica Elías & Rivero, 2009 also has an elongate prostomium-peristomium with three peristomial annulations and fibrillated setae but the thoracic segments are not crowded, the prostomium is much more conical and pointed and the setal fibrils are shorter than in A. antelonga sp. nov. Etymology. The specific name is from the Latin ante, in front of, and longus, meaning elongate. Distribution. Known from 11–18 m in sandy to muddy sand sediments in the Gulf of Nicoya.Published as part of Dean, Harlan K. & Blake, James A., 2016, Aphelochaeta (Polychaeta: Cirratulidae) from the Pacific coast of Costa Rica, with a description of five new species, pp. 101-116 in Zootaxa 4103 (2) on pages 102-104, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4103.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25913
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