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Reply to: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with depression, cognitive impairment, and mortality
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Studio dei metaboliti chimici dell'uva finalizzato a valutare le potenzialità enologiche, nutraceutiche ed industriali di alcune varietà di vite e nuovi approcci di metabolomica
Full text linkGrape, wine and oenology by-products are rich in polyphenols and in particular flavonoids: flavonols, anthocyanins, flavanols and proanthocyanidins. Those molecules are plants secondary metabolites and may also contribute to the bitterness and astringency of grapes and wines. In recent years, epidemiological studies have revealed the great potential of polyphenols and flavonoids in human diet on protection against cancers, infections, their role in anti-aging and also against the development of several chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) or diabetes. Their role for human health is attributed mainly to their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial activities. Therefore these bio-compounds could find promising applications in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and food industries as active ingredients in supplements with antioxidant activity, value-added ingredients in fortified foods or as natural dyes and preservatives.
The aim of this research is to investigate the contents of chemical metabolites in several unique Vitis vinifera varieties and hybrids, and to examine their potential for oenological, nutraceutical and industrial applications. Modern spectrophotometry, chromatography and mass spectrometry (MALDI/MS, LC/MS, GC/MS) analytical techniques were applied in order to achieve the aims of the research.
Nine Vitis vinifera italian native grape varieties from Friuli Venezia Giulia and Veneto regions, were investigated for their enological potential, by studying the main classes of polyphenols and aroma compounds of grapes and their organoleptic wine characteristics.
In addition 32 hybrid varieties (21 red, 11 white) that belong to the CRA-VIT Grapevine Germplasm Collection located in Conegliano (TV) were studied to evaluate their nutraceutical and industrial potential.
The study of anthocyanins of red hybrids showed that some varieties (e.g. Seibel 8357) have rich content of pigments and are therefore attractive for the production of natural dyes that are used in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Moreover, some varieties (Bacò 1 and Seibel 10878) were also found interesting for their triglycerides content in grape seed oil with high linoleic acid content (up to 70%), which is essential fatty acid effective in reducing LDL cholesterol.
The nutraceutical potential of hybrid varieties was investigated by studying grape seed proanthocyanidins. Oligomeric and polymeric proanthocyanidins with different degree of galloylation were determined in grape seed extracts suggesting potential application of the extracts as antioxidants in nutraceutical products and also as oenological tannins.
Eventually, a new methodology was established for grape metabolome study based on High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HR-MS) analysis and the “suspect screening analysis” approach. This method was proved to be very effective due to the ability to identify hundreds of compounds in one single run and also individual classes of grape polyphenol
From Biomarkers to Precision Medicine in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Where Are We?
No full textThe biomarkers era grew in the last two decades when several technical and methodological advances have improved the research in neurodegenerative diseases [...
iPSC-based research in ALS precision medicine
No full text: Clinical trials in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are challenged by the lack of pre-clinical models and biomarkers of disease onset and progression. In this issue, Morimoto et al. use induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons from patients with ALS to study therapeutic mechanisms of ropinirole in a clinical trial and identify treatment responders
Cell therapy in ALS: An update on preclinical and clinical studies
No full text: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of motor neurons and neuromuscular impairment leading to complete paralysis, respiratory failure and premature death. The pathogenesis of the disease is multifactorial and noncell-autonomous involving the central and peripheral compartments of the neuromuscular axis and the skeletal muscle. Advanced clinical trials on specific ALS-related pathways have failed to significantly slow the disease. Therapy with stem cells from different sources has provided a promising strategy to protect the motor units exerting their effect through multiple mechanisms including neurotrophic support and excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation modulation, as evidenced from preclinical studies. Several phase I and II clinical trial of ALS patients have been developed showing positive effects in terms of safety and tolerability. However, the modest results on functional improvement in ALS patients suggest that only a coordinated effort between basic and clinical researchers could solve many problems, such as selecting the ideal stem cell source, identifying their mechanism of action and expected clinical outcomes. A promising approach may be stem cells selected or engineered to deliver optimal growth factor support at multiple sites along the neuromuscular pathway. This review covers recent advances in stem cell therapies in animal models of ALS, as well as detailing the human clinical trials that have been done and are currently undergoing development
Occipital Neuralgia in Chiari I Malformation: Two Different Events or Two Different Faces of the Same Event?
No full textOccipital neuralgia (ON) is characterized by severe pain in the occipital region due to an irritation of the occipital nerves. Traumatic injuries, mass or vascular compression, and infective and inflammatory processes could cause ON. The dislocation of a nerve/muscle/tendon, as can happen in malformations such as the Chiari I malformation (CIM), also can be responsible. Usually, headaches associated with CIM and ON are distinguishable based on specific features of pain. However, the diagnosis is not easy in some cases, especially if a clear medical history cannot be accurately collected. Determining if the pain is related to ON rather than to CIM is important because the treatments may be different
Depression and risk of Cognitive Dysfunctions in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
No full textALS is not only a motor disorder: more than 50% of patients have cognitive dysfunctions over the course of the disease. At the same time, mood disorders may also occur in ALS patients following diagnosis due to the fatal prognosis; however little data is available on any depression beforehand. Starting from these considerations, the aim of our study was to investigate the occurrence of depression in Italian ALS patients prior to diagnosis, evaluating its prevalence in the subjects who have developed cognitive dysfunctions and in those who did not
Studio dei profili polifenolici ed aromatici di alcuni vitigni autoctoni del Veneto e Friuli Venezia Giulia.
No full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease may complicate Alzheimer's disease: a comorbidity problem
No full textChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) may be associated with worsening of cognitive performance. We studied patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) with and without COPD, and we analyzed, in a retrospective way, clinical and neuropsychological variables to verify if COPD plays a pejorative role on cognitive or functional autonomy in patients with dementia
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