1,721,004 research outputs found
Le impostazioni iniziali della vita condizionano la salute dell'adulto. Il ruolo della nutrizione fetale.
No full textObesità e depressione due facce della stessa medaglia
No full textSono sempre più numerosi gli studi che legano l’eccesso di tessuto adiposo, soprattutto a livello del distretto viscerale, all’insorgenza di alcune patologie e oggi è alta l’attenzione sul legame fra obesità e insorgenza di stati depressivi. E’ riconosciuto, infatti, che le persone obese hanno una più elevata probabilità di incorrere in problemi di depressione.
Esiste relazione bidirezionale fra depressione e obesità, con l’obesità che aumenta il rischio di depressione e, viceversa, con la depressione che espone ad un più alto rischio di obesità, soprattutto ad una obesità di tipo viscerale (1). Negli stati depressivi o negli stati emozionali negativi, infatti, vi sono spesso preferenze per i cibi ad alto valore energetico, ricchi cioè in zuccheri o lipidi, sia nell’adulto sia nel bambino.
Ma se un consumo limitato di tali cibi può portare ad una evoluzione dello stato emozionale negativo verso uno positivo, il loro consumo cronico e il conseguente aumento di tessuto adiposo, porterà a promuovere una vulnerabilità verso la depressione.
Le associazioni causali fra obesità e depressione a livello più macroscopico sono state individuate nell’aderenza a diete poco sane a bassi livelli di attività fisica e a disturbi del sonno o insonnia. Allo stesso modo si è notata la compresenza in soggetti obesi o depressi di una maggiore prevalenza di malattie cardiovascolari, disordini metabolici e di malattie autoimmuni. Ma la comunicazione fra obesità e depressione viaggia a livello più profondo e metabolico
Effetti dello stress sui sistemi biologici. Possiamo misurarli?
No full textLo stress cronico, fisico e psicosociale, rappresenta un rischio per la nostra salute.
Numerosi studi clinici ed epidemiologici lo vanno dicendo ormai da tempo e il
ventaglio di patologie associate allo stress è divenuto oggi molto ampio, dalle
malattie infettive a quelle croniche metaboliche, fino ai tumori (Chrousos, 2009).
Eventi avversi, isolamento sociale, esagerate richieste dall’ambiente sociale e
familiare, ma anche condizioni lavorative insoddisfacenti o particolarmente
faticose e turni di lavoro irregolari, sono tutte situazioni capaci di indurre risposte
nell’organismo che, se ripetute o protratte, diventano maladattative e
compromettono le funzioni psicologiche, comportamentali e fisiologiche
dell’individuo. Di qui il rischio di sviluppare disfunzioni dei sistemi regolatori
dell’organismo che, nel lungo periodo, possono eventualmente sfociare in
patologie conclamate
Il grano antico nella nutrizione umana: qualità nutrizionali di triticum monococcum e dicoccum
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Intracellular flavonoids as electron donors for extracellular ferricyanide reduction in human erythrocytes
No full textReduction of extracellular ferricyanide [Fe(CN)(6)](-3) to ferrocyanide by intact cells reflects the activity of a trans-plasma membrane oxidoreductase that, in human red blood cells, utilizes ascorbic acid as an electron donor. We herein report that the flavonoids quercetin and myricetin, while inhibiting dehydroascorbic acid uptake-and thus the erythrocyte ascorbic acid content-effectively stimulate the extracellular reduction of ferricyanide. Other flavonoids such as rutin, acacetin, apigenin, and genistein do not show the same effect. The notion that quercetin or myricetin may serve as an intracellular donor for a trans-plasma membrane oxidoreductase is supported by the following lines of evidence: (i) they afford direct reduction of ferricyanide; (ii) extracellular reduction of ferricyanide was not mediated by direct effects of the flavonoids released by the cells and was abolished by the sulphydryl reagent parachloromercuribenzenesulfonic acid (pCMBS); (iii) the intracellular concentrations of quercetin or myricetin well correlate with increases in ferricyanide reduction; (iv) the intracellular concentration of the flavonoids dramatically declines after ferricyanide exposure. Taken together, the results presented in this study demonstrate that myricetin and quercetin, which accumulate in large amounts in red blood cells, act as intracellular substrates of a pCMBS-sensitive trans-plasma membrane oxidoreductase. This may represent a novel mechanism whereby these flavonoids exert beneficial effects under oxidative stress conditions
Antioxidant activity of rhodiola rosea and its interaction with membrane proteins in human erythrocytes.
No full text“In vitro” protective effect of Rhodiola rosea extract against hypochlorous acid-induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes
No full textRhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) is a plant living at high altitudes in Europe and Asia. Its roots have long been used in the traditional medical system of these geographical areas to increase the organism resistance to physical stress; today, it has become an important component of many dietary supplements. In this study we investigate the antioxidant capacity of the R. rosea aqueous extract evaluating its ability to counteract some of the main damages induced by hypochlorous acid (HOCl), a powerful oxidant generated by activated phagocytes, to human erythrocytes. Ascorbic acid was used as a reference substance because of its physiological HOCl-scavenging ability. Our study demonstrates that R. rosea is able to significantly protect, in a dose-dependent manner, human RBC from glutathione (GSH) depletion, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) inactivation and hemolysis induced by the oxidant. Furthermore, we demonstrate that R. rosea aqueous extract acts from the inside of the erythrocyte suggesting a probable involving of cell components. The protection on GSH afforded by the R. rosea extract with respect to ascorbic acid, occurred also if added 2 or 5 min. later than the oxidant, suggesting a more rapid or powerful effect
High-performance capillary electrophoretic separation of proteins and peptides using a bonded hydrophilic phase capillary
No full textRhodiola rosea as antioxidant in red blood cells: ultrastructural and hemolytic behaviour
No full textRhodiola rosea L. (Crassulaceae) is a plant that lives at high altitude in Europe and Asia, widely used for its high capacity to increase the organism resistance to different stress conditions. Although a few international literature supports these effects, today R. rosea has become a common component of many dietary supplements also in the Western world. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the R. rosea roots aqueous extract on in vitro human erythrocytes exposed to hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-oxidative stress. Several damages occur in human erythrocytes exposed in vitro to HOCl, among these membrane protein and lipid modifications, shifting from the discocyte shape to the echinocyte one, and determining lysis ultimately. Therefore, in the present work, the evaluation of the antioxidant capacity of the Rhodiola extract has been carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy and of hemolytic behaviour on human erythrocytes exposed to HOCl in the presence of increasing doses of the aqueous extract in different experimental environments (co-incubation and subsequent incubations). The results obtained are consistent with a significant protection of the extract in presence of the oxidative agent, but a cautionary note emerges from the analysis of the data related to the cell exposition to the plant extract in the absence of any induced oxidative stress. In fact, the addition to erythrocyte of high doses of R. rosea extract always determines severe alterations of the cell shape
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