171 research outputs found
Supplemental Material - Incidence, prevalence and regional distribution of systemic sclerosis and related interstitial lung Disease: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
No full textSupplemental Material for Incidence, prevalence and regional distribution of systemic sclerosis and related interstitial lung Disease: A nationwide retrospective cohort study by Malene Knarborg, Charlotte Hyldgaard, Elisabeth Bendstrup, Jesper R Davidsen, Anders Løkke, Saher B Shaker and Ole Hilberg in Chronic Respiratory Disease</p
Drug utilization and asthma control among young Danish adults with asthma - analyses of trends and determinants
No full textDiagnostic testing for interstitial lung disease in common variable immunodeficiency:a systematic review
Get PDFIntroduction: Common variable immunodeficiency related interstitial lung disease (CVID-ILD, also referred to as GLILD) is generally considered a manifestation of systemic immune dysregulation occurring in up to 20% of people with CVID. There is a lack of evidence-based guidelines for the diagnosis and management of CVID-ILD. Aim: To systematically review use of diagnostic tests for assessing patients with CVID for possible ILD, and to evaluate their utility and risks. Methods: EMBASE, MEDLINE, PubMed and Cochrane databases were searched. Papers reporting information on the diagnosis of ILD in patients with CVID were included. Results: 58 studies were included. Radiology was the investigation modality most commonly used. HRCT was the most reported test, as abnormal radiology often first raised suspicion of CVID-ILD. Lung biopsy was used in 42 (72%) of studies, and surgical lung biopsy had more conclusive results compared to trans-bronchial biopsy (TBB). Analysis of broncho-alveolar lavage was reported in 24 (41%) studies, primarily to exclude infection. Pulmonary function tests, most commonly gas transfer, were widely used. However, results varied from normal to severely impaired, typically with a restrictive pattern and reduced gas transfer. Conclusion: Consensus diagnostic criteria are urgently required to support accurate assessment and monitoring in CVID-ILD. ESID and the ERS e-GLILDnet CRC have initiated a diagnostic and management guideline through international collaboration. </p
Chronic Pulmonary Aspergillosis as a Considerable Complication in Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease.
No full textPost-tuberculosis lung disease (PTLD) has only recently been put in the spotlight as a medical entity. Recent data suggest that up to 50% of tuberculosis (TB) patients are left with PTLD-related impairment after completion of TB treatment. The presence of residual cavities in the lung is the largest risk factor for the development of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) globally. Diagnosis of CPA is based on four criteria including a typical radiological pattern, evidence of Aspergillus species, exclusion of alternative diagnosis, and a chronic course of disease. In this manuscript, we provide a narrative review on CPA as a serious complication for patients with PTLD
Polynomial-Time Algorithms for Phylogenetic Inference Problems
No full textA common problem in phylogenetics is to try to infer a species phylogeny from gene trees. We consider different variants of this problem. The first variant, called Unrestricted Minimal Episodes Inference, aims at inferring a species tree based on a model of speciation and duplication where duplications are clustered in duplication episodes. The goal is to minimize the number of such episodes. The second variant, Parental Hybridization, aims at inferring a species network based on a model of speciation and reticulation. The goal is to minimize the number of reticulation events. It is a variant of the well-studied Hybridization Number problem with a more generous view on which gene trees are consistent with a given species network. We show that these seemingly different problems are in fact closely related and can, surprisingly, both be solved in polynomial time, using a structure we call “beaded trees”. However, we also show that methods based on these problems have to be used with care because the optimal species phylogenies always have some restricted form. We discuss several possibilities to overcome this problem.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Discrete Mathematics and Optimizatio
Trailing edge serrations: Effect of their flap angle on flow and acoustics
No full textTrailing edge serrations have been proven to work as a passive noise reduction device. Nevertheless, they have also previously been found to increase noise in a particular frequency range, argued in earlier research to be due to the misalignment of the serrations with the direction of the flow in the wake. It emerges as a high-frequency noise increase in a broadband region of the spectrum. This study investigates the effect of serration-flow misalignment on the noise emissions using acoustic beamforming, and finds a correlation with observations made on the flow using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The hydrodynamic source of the noise increase is hereby identified, and a Strouhal number relation for the high-frequency noise increase is proposedAircraft Noise and Climate EffectsWind Energ
Lung ultrasound as a screening tool for interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis:state of the art
No full textPURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review describes the properties and examines available evidence supporting LUS as a screening tool for interstitial lung disease (ILD) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). ILD is a common and serious complication of RA, associated with high mortality rates, especially when diagnosed late. Despite its high prevalence and significant prognostic impact, the need for and approach to systematic screening for lung involvement in RA remain unclear and are not recommended in current guidelines. While high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) is the gold standard for diagnosing ILD, it cannot be frequently repeated due to limitations in the availability, cost, and radiation exposure.RECENT FINDINGS: Lung ultrasound (LUS) has emerged as a potential noninvasive, accurate, low-cost, and nonionizing alternative for detecting ILD, offering high sensitivity and negative-predictive value (NPV) compared to HRCT. Key LUS findings indicative of ILD include B-line artefacts (BLA) and pleural irregularity. Evidence supporting the performance and applicability of LUS in diagnosing RA-ILD continues to grow.SUMMARY: LUS has shown a good performance in ILD detection. Further research and standardization efforts are needed to fully integrate LUS into routine RA screening protocols.</p
A monstrous tumour in the thorax can represent a thymoma
No full textPulmonary infiltrates on radiological imaging are most often assumed to be a potential lung cancer, although seldom, other malignant intrathoracal tumours can appear. Knowledge of these, their growth pattern and localisation is of significance in order to reach a differential diagnosis and to plan targeted treatment. In mediastinum anterior thymoma is the most frequent form of cancer arising from the thymus epithelium. This case report describes a male patient suspected of lung cancer who happened to have malignant thymoma with atypical dissemination, which challenged the diagnostics.</p
A monstrous tumour in the thorax can represent a thymoma
No full textPulmonary infiltrates on radiological imaging are most often assumed to be a potential lung cancer, although seldom, other malignant intrathoracal tumours can appear. Knowledge of these, their growth pattern and localisation is of significance in order to reach a differential diagnosis and to plan targeted treatment. In mediastinum anterior thymoma is the most frequent form of cancer arising from the thymus epithelium. This case report describes a male patient suspected of lung cancer who happened to have malignant thymoma with atypical dissemination, which challenged the diagnostics.</p
Incidence, prevalence and regional distribution of systemic sclerosis and related interstitial lung Disease: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Get PDFOBJECTIVE: To investigate incidence and prevalence of Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) and association with interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) in a nationwide population-based study. METHODS: Patients with an incident diagnosis of SSc in 2000–2016 were identified in the Danish National Patient Registry and categorised based on diagnosis of ILD. Incidence- and prevalence proportions were calculated based on the annual population estimates. A cox proportional hazards model was used to evaluate the association between age, sex, region and marital status and presence of ILD. RESULTS: In total, 1869 patients with SSc were identified; 275 patients (14.7%) had SSc-ILD. The majority of patients were females (75.5%). The percentage of males was higher in SSc-ILD than in SSc alone (30.9% and 23.4%, p = 0.008). Median time from SSc to ILD diagnosis was 1.4 years (range 0–14.2). ILD was diagnosed from ≤4 years before to ≥7 years after SSc. Development of ILD was associated with male gender (HR 1.75, 95% CI 1.15–2.66), age 41–50 (HR 1.81, 95% CI 1.07–3.05) and residency in the North Denmark Region (HR 1.95, 9 5% CI 1.12–3.40). Mean annual incidence proportion of SSc was 2.9/100,000 and mean annual prevalence proportion was 16.8/100,000. The incidence remained stable, but prevalence proportion increased from 14.1 – 16.5/100,000 in 2000–2008 to 17.9–19.2/100,000 in 2009–2016. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of SSc increased during the study period, while the incidence remained stable. The prevalence of SSc-ILD was 14.7% and thus less frequent than expected. Male sex and age between 41 and 50 years were associated with ILD
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