118 research outputs found
4 Roger Spanswick – Outreach
No full textThis video is about Roger Spanswick Outreach Project.1_5ojmp7d
2 Roger Spanswick - Scientist
No full textThis video is about Roger Spanswick as the Scientist.1_kb73zvi
Spanswick, Roger M.
No full textAlso available as a printed booklet and from the Dean of Faculty website https://theuniversityfaculty.cornell.edu/Memorial Statement for Roger M. Spanswick, who died in 2014. The memorial statements contained herein were prepared by the Office of the Dean of the University Faculty of Cornell University to honor its faculty for their service to the university
Pro-opiomelanocortin neurons in the nucleus of the solitary tract mediate endorphinergic endogenous analgesia in mice
No full textThe nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) contains pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons that are 1 of the 2 major sources of β-endorphin in the brain. The functional role of these NTSPOMC neurons in nociceptive and cardiorespiratory function is debated. We have shown that NTSPOMC optogenetic activation produces bradycardia and transient apnoea in a working heart–brainstem preparation and chemogenetic activation with an engineered ion channel (PSAM) produced opioidergic analgesia in vivo. To better define the role of the NTSPOMC neurons in behaving animals, we adopted in vivo optogenetics (ChrimsonR) and excitatory/inhibitory chemogenetic DREADD (hM3Dq/hM4Di) strategies in POMC-Cre mice. We show that optogenetic activation of NTSPOMC neurons produces time-locked, graded, transient bradycardia and bradypnoea in anaesthetised mice that is naloxone sensitive (1 mg/kg, i.p.), suggesting a role of β-endorphin. Both optogenetic and chemogenetic activation of NTSPOMC neurons produces sustained thermal analgesia in behaving mice that can be blocked by naloxone. It also produced analgesia in an inflammatory pain model (carrageenan) but not in a neuropathic pain model (tibial nerve transection). Inhibiting NTSPOMC neurons does not produce any effect on basal nociception but inhibits stress-induced analgesia (unlike inhibition of arcuate POMC neurons). Activation of NTSPOMC neuronal populations in conscious mice did not cause respiratory depression, anxiety, or locomotor deficit (in open field) or affective preference. These findings indicate that NTSPOMC neurons play a key role in the generation of endorphinergic endogenous analgesia and can also regulate cardiorespiratory function.<br/
Innovation in Pain Management
No full textThe transcript of a Witness Seminar held by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, London, on 12 December 2002.First published by the Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL, 2004.©The Trustee of the Wellcome Trust, London, 2004.All volumes are freely available online at: www.history.qmul.ac.uk/research/modbiomed/wellcome_witnesses/.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 12 December 2002. Introduction by Dr Christina Faull; edited interview with Professor Patrick Wall.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 12 December 2002. Introduction by Dr Christina Faull; edited interview with Professor Patrick Wall.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 12 December 2002. Introduction by Dr Christina Faull; edited interview with Professor Patrick Wall.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 12 December 2002. Introduction by Dr Christina Faull; edited interview with Professor Patrick Wall.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 12 December 2002. Introduction by Dr Christina Faull; edited interview with Professor Patrick Wall.Annotated and edited transcript of a Witness Seminar held on 12 December 2002. Introduction by Dr Christina Faull; edited interview with Professor Patrick Wall.Unrelieved pain caused by cancer is experienced by more than 5 million people worldwide, and over the past 50 years has been accepted as unnecessary by both clinicians and politicians. Major innovations in the understanding of pain and our ability to treat it have been made. This Witness Seminar, chaired by Professor David Clark, describes the development of pain clinics, the introduction of the hospice in Britain, and global implementation of innovative technologies for cancer pain relief and advances in research during the latter part of the twentieth century. International health planners argue that the outstanding challenge is to put this knowledge into practice in healthcare settings around the world, often where resources are limited. Reynolds L A, Tansey E M. (eds) (2004) Innovation in pain management, Wellcome Witnesses to Twentieth Century Medicine, vol. 21. London: The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at UCL.The Wellcome Trust Centre for the History of Medicine at University College London is funded by the Wellcome Trust,which is a registered charity, no. 210183
High-Resolution Study of the Relationship Between the Region 2 Birkeland Current Equatorward Boundary and Soft Electron Fluxes
No full textThe nightside Region 2 (R2) Field Aligned Current (FAC) system is associated with magnetospheric dynamics occurring close to the inner magnetosphere. The current carriers for this system have been studied extensively at higher energies. In this study, we investigate the potential role of electrons in the less studied suprathermal (sub-keV) range. The Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe (e-POP) instrument suite on the CASSIOPE satellite (Swarm Echo) consists of eight plasma instruments, including the Suprathermal Electron Imager (SEI) and the magnetic field instrument (MGF). The SEI records two-dimensional energy-angle images of electron distribution for energies up to 350 eV at a rate of 100 images per second. The MGF samples the magnetic field at a sampling rate of 160 times per second with a resolution of 0.0625 nT. Even though ePOP, whose scientific focus is polar outflow, does not detect high-energy particles (> 1 keV), its polar orbit is optimal for studying current carriers of FACs. We examine suprathermal electron fluxes over the region of 45-80º magnetic latitude during different geomagnetic conditions based on 25 traversals of the R2 boundary. These range from 1700-0400 MLT during which the SEI detects enhanced suprathermal electron fluxes in the 5-100 eV energy range just equatorward of the R2 boundary. Coincident with these fluxes and in a majority of cases, we see evidence of a current in the opposite direction of the R2 current, which we believe has not been reported previously
Hippocampal 5‐HT7 receptors signal phosphorylation of the GluA1 subunit to facilitate AMPA receptor mediated‐neurotransmission in vitro and in vivo
No full textBackground and purpose: The 5-HT7 receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor that is the target of a broad range of antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs. Various studies have demonstrated an ability of the 5-HT7 receptor to modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission and cognitive processes although the potential impact upon AMPA receptors has not been investigated directly. The purpose of the present study was to investigate a direct modulation of the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit and determine how this might influence AMPA receptor function.Experimental approach: The influence of pharmacological manipulation of the 5-HT7 receptor system upon phosphorylation of GluA1 subunits was assessed by western blotting of fractionated proteins from hippocampal neurones in culture (or proteins resident at the neurone surface) and the functional impact assessed by electrophysiological recordings in rat hippocampus in vitro and in vivo.Key results: 5-HT7 receptor activation increased cAMP and relative pCREB levels in cultures of rat hippocampal neurones along with an increase in phosphorylation (Ser845) of the GluA1 AMPA receptor subunit evident in whole neurone extracts and within the neurone surface compartment. Electrophysiological recordings in rat hippocampus demonstrated a 5-HT7 receptor-mediated increase in AMPA receptor-mediated neurotransmission in vitro and in vivo.Conclusions and implications: The 5-HT7 receptor-mediated phosphorylation of the GluA1 AMPA receptor provides a molecular mechanism consistent with the 5-HT7 receptormediated increase in AMPA receptor-mediated neurotransmission
Searching for Auroral Signatures of Alfvénic Fluctuations
No full textIt is known that the energy causing the auroras originates from the solar wind, however, finding the mechanisms that drive electron acceleration and subsequent auroral morphology is an active area of research critical for understanding of space weather effects. In the past few decades, Alfvén waves have been established as a cause of electron acceleration in the aurora, but these waves cannot explain the highest electron energies measured, often up to 10 keV and higher. We utilize the electric and magnetic field data obtained from the Swarm A satellite and the 630 nm (redline) auroral images from the REGO (Redline Emission Geospace Observatory) all-sky imagers to search for auroral features due to Alfvénic fluctuations having frequencies of 1-8 Hz, regions of which are known for Alfvénic precipitations from satellite measurements, but whose auroral signatures remain uncertain. We report what we believe is the first identification of the optical signature of the Alfvénic aurora at the quiescent poleward boundary of the nightside auroral oval
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