155 research outputs found
Verrico_Supplement_Materials – Supplemental material for Recovery from impaired working memory performance during chronic Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration to adolescent rhesus monkeys
No full textSupplemental material, Verrico_Supplement_Materials for Recovery from impaired working memory performance during chronic Δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol administration to adolescent rhesus monkeys by Christopher D Verrico, David S Mathai, Hong Gu, Allan R Sampson and David A Lewis in Journal of Psychopharmacology</p
Non-invasive ventilation in the postoperative period: Is there a role?
No full textNon-invasive positive pressure ventilation or non-invasive ventilation (NIV) has emerged as a simpler and safer alternative to invasive mechanical ventilation in patients developing acute postoperative respiratory failure. The benefits of NIV as compared to intubation and mechanical ventilation include lower complications, shorter duration of hospital stay, reduced morbidity, lesser cost of treatment and even reduced mortality rates. However, its use may not be uniformly applicable in all patient groups. This article reviews the indications, contraindications and evidence supporting the use of NIV in individual patient groups in the postoperative period. The anaesthesiologist needs to recognise the subset of patients most likely to benefit from NIV therapy so as to apply it most effectively. It is equally important to promptly identify signs of failure of NIV therapy and be prepared to initiate alternate ways of respiratory support. The author searched PubMed and Ovid MEDLINE, without date restrictions. Search terms included Non-invasive ventilation, postoperative and respiratory failure. Foreign literature was included, though only articles with English translation were used
Some Matrix-Variate Models Applicable in Different Areas
No full textMatrix-variate Gaussian-type or Wishart-type distributions in the real domain are widely used in the literature. When the exponential trace has an arbitrary power and when the factors involving a determinant and a trace enter into the model or a matrix-variate gamma-type or Wishart-type model with an exponential trace having an arbitrary power, they are extremely difficult to handle. One such model with factors involving a trace and a determinant and the exponential trace having an arbitrary power, in the real domain, is known in the literature as the Kotz model. No explicit evaluation of the normalizing constant in the Kotz model seems to be available. The normalizing constant that is widely used in the literature, is interpreted as the normalizing constant in the general model, and that is referred to as a Kotz model does not seem to be correct. One of the main contributions in this paper is the introduction of matrix-variate distributions in the real and complex domains belonging to the Gaussian-type, gamma-type, and type 1 and type 2 beta-types, or Mathai’s pathway family, when the exponential trace has an arbitrary power and explicit evaluations of the normalizing constants therein. All of these models are believed to be new. Another new contribution is the logistic-based extensions of the models in the real and complex domains, with the exponential trace having an arbitrary exponent and connecting to extended zeta functions introduced by this author recently. The techniques and steps used at various stages in this paper will be highly useful for people working in multivariate statistical analysis, as well as for people applying such models in engineering problems, communication theory, quantum physics, and related areas, apart from statistical applications
Belonging and not belonging : understanding India in novels by Paul Scott, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala and V.S. Naipaul.
No full textPhDThis thesis is essentially about the "how" and "why" of the Indian
experience as documented in novels by Paul Scott, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala
and V S Naipaul. The study points to the difficulty of arriving at any
conclusive definition of the country and its people. I show that
differences in attitudes, responses or behaviour are both overt and
subtle, and depend upon whether the writer or the character identifies
with the situation or community with which he or she interacts. It is
the individual's sense of belonging or not belonging to his or her own
group - be this along racial, cultural or gender lines - that accounts
for the differing perspectives evident in these novels. The points-of-
view of the outsider and the insider can therefore be seen as
mutual comments upon the other.
Since the struggle between belonging and not belonging becomes acute
when the old meets the new, focus is centred on communities
experiencing change. These include the British in India, West-Indian
Indians and westernised Indians. Despite their differences, all three
communities share similar reasons for either an acceptance or
rejection of the 'Other'. The thesis argues that the need for
emotional stability compels allegiance to the traditional group, while
the desire for individuality encourages surrender to the new. The
former nurtures a sense of belonging while, it is argued, that the
latter is perceived as the hallmark of those who do not belong.
Tensions arise when both these needs demand to be met. What I show to
be ironic in this struggle between belonging and not belonging is that
those things which individuals overtly reject are often unexpressed
parts of their personal pysche. The barrier between "them" and "us" is
therefore very fragile
S100 Inhibitors: A New Paradigm for Treating Alzheimer���s Disease
No full textAlzheimer���s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia, a neurological condition characterized by cognitive impairment and the inability to perform daily tasks. Neuritic protein aggregates in the brain, known as plaques, are a hallmark of AD pathology. These plaques are deposits of the amyloid-beta (A-Beta) peptide, which is derived from a larger molecule known as the amyloid precursor protein (APP). APP can be processed in one of two ways: in the non-amyloidogenic pathway, APP cleavage generates a variety of fragments that are thought to promote neuronal growth and survival; in the amyloidogenic pathway, APP cleavage leads to the production of the neurotoxic A-Beta peptide. Our lab has recently demonstrated that inhibition of two members of the S100 family of calcium binding proteins, S100A1 and S100B, synergistically reverses cognitive decline in the PSAPP mouse model of AD. However, the molecular underpinnings of this process are not known. This study tests the hypothesis that improved cognition, which is accompanied by a reduction in plaque load, is due to increased non-amyloidogenic APP processing. Western blotting was used to quantify the levels of full-length APP and A-Beta in brain lysates from 12-14 month old PSAPP and PSAPP/S100 knockout mice. APP and A�� levels were similar in PSAPP/S100 knockout and PSAPP mice. These data suggest that the decreased pathology observed in SAPP/S100 knockout mice is not attributable to alternative processing of APP. Future directions of study include an examination of other possible mechanisms that may be responsible for observed differences in pathology. The molecular processes of plaque buildup and A�� clearance have been proposed as targets for further study in S100 knockout mice. Once identified, this mechanistic information can be used toward the development of S100 inhibitors that improve memory loss in patients. The availability of novel pharmacological interventions for AD will significantly reduce the monetary and societal impacts of this debilitating disease
Sofic groups and diophantine approximation
No full textWe prove the algebraic eigenvalue conjecture of J. Dodziuk, P. Linnell, V. Mathai, T. Schick, and S. Yates (see [2]) for sofic groups. Moreover, we give restrictions on the spectral measure of elements in the integral group ring. Finally, we define integer operators and prove a quantization of the operator norm below 2. To the knowledge of the author, there is no group known that is not sofic. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc
A Study on Lateral Deformation of Monopile of Offshore Wind Turbine due to Environmental Loads
No full textAbstractAn analytical study is performed to evaluate the displacement behavior of monopile of offshore wind turbine founded in sandy soil. The system consists of pile, turbine tower and soil modeled as 3D finite element model in ANSYS. An explicit dynamic analysis is performed in a time domain considering soil as an explicit material and wind and wave loads act on the turbine tower as static loads. Behavior of monopile in soil is analyzed by considering soil pile interaction. The study shows that pile displacement and pile tilt angle depends on soil properties and pile embedded length and pile diameter
Statistical Distribution Theory and Fractional Calculus
No full textThis is an overview paper. This paper is an attempt to show that fractional calculus can be reached through statistical distribution theory. This paper brings together results on fractional integrals and fractional derivatives of the first and second kinds in the real and complex domains in the scalar, vector, and matrix-variate cases, and shows that all these results can be reached through statistical distribution theory. It is shown that the whole area of fractional integrals can be reached through distributions of products and ratios in the scalar variable case and distributions of symmetric products and symmetric ratios in the matrix-variate cases. While summarizing the materials, the real domain results are also listed side by side with the complex domain results so that a comparative study is possible. Fractional integrals and derivatives in the real domain mean that the parameters involved could be real or complex with appropriate conditions, the arbitrary function is real-valued, and the variables involved are all real. These in the complex domain mean that the parameters could be real or complex and the arbitrary function is still real-valued but the variables involved are in the complex domain. Fully complex domain means the variables as well as the arbitrary function are in the complex domain. Most of the materials on fractional integrals and fractional derivatives involving a single matrix or a number of matrices in the real or complex domain are of this author. Slight modifications of the results, compared with the published works in various papers, are there in various sections. In the paragraph on notations, the lemmas that are taken from this author’s own book on Jacobians are common with published works and hence the similarity index with this author’s works will be high. Section Matrix-Variate Joint Distributions and Fractional Integrals in Many Matrix-Variate Cases material on a statistical approach to Kiryakova’s multi-index fractional integral and its extension to the real scalar case of second kind integrals as well as extensions of first and second kind integrals to real and complex matrix-variate cases are believed to be new. Matrix differential operators are introduced in Section Fractional Derivatives and, with the help of these operators, fractional derivatives are constructed from the corresponding fractional integrals. These operators are applicable in a large variety of functions. Applicability is shown through identities created from scale transformed gamma random variables. Some concluding remarks are given and some open problems are pointed out in Section Concluding Remarks
Comparison of infant feeding practices, nutrient intake and body weights by childcare use
No full textThe child care setting represents a crucial environment for infants and children to establish healthy feeding practices in order to prevent overweight and obesity. The objective of this research was to investigate the association between parental care (PC) and child care (CC) on infant feeding practices, food consumption, nutrient intake and growth in infants receiving Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women Infants and Children (WIC) assistance. Our hypothesis was that unhealthy feeding practices would be more common in CC compared to PC thus leading to greater weight for length (WFL) and weight for age (WFA) z-score at 1 year of age for infants in CC. This study sampled 105 infants aged 2 to 8 months of age from the Champaign Urbana WIC office from October 2009-August 2011. Mothers completed a 3-day food record and survey at the time of recruitment to assess their infant’s feeding practices, nutrient intake, health status, and demographic characteristics. Baseline and follow-up weight and length for these children within the first year of age were collected from the WIC office.
The major differences in demographic characteristics of the study sample included child care hours per week, maternal employment, household income, and single parent home by CC use. Infants in CC had an average of 29 hours of care per week compared to the 0.64 hours in the PC group (p<0.01). A larger (p<0.01) percentage of mothers were employed in the CC group (73.9%) compared to the PC group (22%). However, the household income was greater (p<0.01) in the PC group (10,284 PC vs 7,489.5 CC). In addition, there was a higher (p=0.04) percentage of single parents in the CC group (30.5 % PC vs. 50% CC).
Breastfeeding duration and age of solid food introduction did not differ between care type. Breastfeeding duration was on average 2.3 months while average solid food introduction was 4.4 months. No differences were observed between PC and CC infants in the rates of formula introduction. When comparing food consumption at the time of recruitment, there were no differences in the number of servings per day of food groups, but the CC group showed lower consumption of formula (p=0.03) and breast milk (p=0.18) compared to PC.
Energy intake did not differ between care type after adjusting for feeding practices and child, maternal and household characteristics. However, there was a pattern of greater energy intake in the PC group. Child age (β=34.8, p<0.01) and number of servings of infant formula (β=86.0, p<0.01) were the strongest predictors of energy intake. There was greater (p=0.05) calcium intake in the CC group (788 mg CC vs. 742 mg PC). Otherwise, there were no differences in macro or micronutrient intakes between CC and PC.
For growth measures, infants in PC had a significantly greater change in WFL (β=2.06, p=0.05) and WFA (β=1.69, p=0.01) z-score and a greater follow-up z-score, after adjusting for feeding practices and child, maternal and household characteristics. There were no differences by care type in the length for age (LFA) z-score over the first year of life.
The strongest predictors of the change in WFL z-score were PC use (β=2.06, p=0.05), maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (β=0.14, p<0.01), birth order (β=1.63, p<0.05), maternal age (β=-0.34, p<0.01), birth weight (β=-1.77, p=0.06), non-Black/African American (β=3.09, p=0.02) and male gender (β=-2.12, p=0.06). Change in WFA z-score was significantly affected by CC use (β=1.69, p=0.01), lower birth weight (β=-1.74, p<0.01), greater pre-pregnancy BMI (β=0.09, p<0.01), and less servings of infant formula (β=-0.53, p=0.05). Change in LFA was unaffected by CC use (β=1.69, p=0.11), but significantly affected by lower pre-pregnancy BMI (β=-0.04, p=0.04) and black race (β=-2.54, p=0.05).
Thus, we concluded that CC use did not affect feeding practices, overall nutrient intake or LFA z-scores for infants receiving WIC assistance. There was significantly greater calcium intake in the CC group. CC use also showed a trend of less formula and breast milk. Infants in PC had a statistically greater change in WFL and WFA compared to those in CC. The main finding in this study is that CC use may have influenced differences in the change in WFL and WFA z-scores, but not overall infant feeding practices, nutrient intake and LFA z-score. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the role of CC use on feeding practices, nutrient intake and growth.Item withdrawn by Mark Zulauf ([email protected]) on 2012-07-11T13:31:10Z
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