19 research outputs found
Some Odds and Ends
No full texthttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/89319/1/1998_Texas_AM_ideas.pd
Data for: The Rise of Aquaculture By-Products: Increasing food production, value, and sustainability through strategic utilisation.
No full textThe methods used in this study were designed to gather both quantitative and qualitative data in a mixed methods approach. Research methods included a literature review, key informant (KI) interviews, processing surveys, and nutritional analysis of by-product samples
Additional file 2: of Feasibility of designing, manufacturing and delivering 3D printed ankle-foot orthoses: a systematic review
No full textConduct of group design studies. (DOCX 26 kb
Additional file 1: of Feasibility of designing, manufacturing and delivering 3D printed ankle-foot orthoses: a systematic review
No full textSearch strategy for Medline, modified for other databases. (DOCX 26 kb
Synthetic Calanolides with Bactericidal Activity against Replicating and Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis
No full textIt is urgent to introduce new drugs
for tuberculosis to shorten
the prolonged course of treatment and control drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). One strategy toward this goal is to develop antibiotics that eradicate
both replicating (R) and nonreplicating (NR) Mtb. Naturally occurring (+)-calanolide A was active against R-Mtb. The present report details the design, synthesis,
antimycobacterial activities, and structure–activity relationships
of synthetic calanolides. We identified potent dual-active nitro-containing
calanolides with minimal in vitro toxicity that were cidal to axenic Mtb and Mtb in human
macrophages, while sparing Gram-positive and -negative bacteria and
yeast. Two of the nitrobenzofuran-containing lead compounds were found
to be genotoxic to mammalian cells. Although genotoxicity precluded
clinical progression, the profound, selective mycobactericidal activity
of these calanolides will be useful in identifying pathways for killing
both R- and NR-Mtb, as well as in further
structure-based design of more effective and drug-like antimycobacterial
agents
Blue food demand across geographic and temporal scales
No full textNumerous studies have focused on the need to expand production of ‘blue foods’, defined as aquatic foods captured or cultivated in marine and freshwater systems, to meet rising population- and income-driven demand. Here we analyze the roles of economic, demographic, and geographic factors and preferences in shaping blue food demand, using secondary data from FAO and The World Bank, parameters from published models, and case studies at national to sub-national scales. Our results show a weak cross-sectional relationship between per capita income and consumption globally when using an aggregate fish metric. Disaggregation by fish species group reveals distinct geographic patterns; for example, high consumption of freshwater fish in China and pelagic fish in Ghana and Peru where these fish are widely available, affordable, and traditionally eaten. We project a near doubling of global fish demand by mid-century assuming continued growth in aquaculture production and constant real prices for fish. Our study concludes that nutritional and environmental consequences of rising demand will depend on substitution among fish groups and other animal source foods in national diets.</p
Scenarios for global aquaculture and its role in human nutrition
No full textGlobal demand for freshwater and marine foods (i.e., seafood) is rising and an increasing proportion is farmed. Aquaculture encompasses a range of species and cultivation methods, resulting in diverse social, economic, nutritional, and environmental outcomes. As a result, how aquaculture develops will influence human wellbeing and environmental health outcomes. Recognition of this has spurred a push for nutrition-sensitive aquaculture, which aims to benefit public health through the production of diverse, nutrient-rich seafood and enabling equitable access. This article explores plausible aquaculture futures and their role in nutrition security using a qualitative scenario approach. Two dimensions of economic development–the degree of globalization and the predominant economic development philosophy–bound four scenarios representing systems that are either localized or globalized, and orientated toward maximizing sectoral economic growth or to meeting environmental and equity dimensions of sustainability. The potential contribution of aquaculture in improving nutrition security is then evaluated within each scenario. While aquaculture could be “nutrition-sensitive” under any of the scenarios, its contribution to addressing health inequities is more likely in the economic and political context of a more globally harmonized trade environment and where economic policies are oriented toward social equity and environmental sustainability.</p
Identification of Novel Anti-mycobacterial Compounds by Screening a Pharmaceutical Small-Molecule Library against Nonreplicating Mycobacterium tuberculosis
No full textIdentification of compounds that
target metabolically diverse subpopulations of Mycobacterium
tuberculosis (Mtb) may contribute to shortening the
course of treatment for tuberculosis. This study screened 270,000
compounds from GlaxoSmithKline’s collection against Mtb in
a nonreplicating (NR) state imposed in vitro by a combination of four
host-relevant stresses. Evaluation of 166 confirmed hits led to detailed
characterization of 19 compounds for potency, specificity, cytotoxicity,
and stability. Compounds representing five scaffolds depended on reactive
nitrogen species for selective activity against NR Mtb, and two were
stable in the assay conditions. Four novel scaffolds with activity
against replicating (R) Mtb were also identified. However, none of
the 19 compounds was active against Mtb in both NR and R states. There
was minimal overlap between compounds found active against NR Mtb
and those previously identified as active against R Mtb, supporting
the hypothesis that NR Mtb depends on distinct metabolic pathways
for survival
Optimized Synthesis of Poly(deoxyribose) Isobutyrate, a Viscous Biomaterial for Bone Morphogenetic Protein‑2 Delivery
No full textInjectable
and phase-transitioning carriers from natural polysaccharides
have great potential for the minimally invasive delivery of therapeutic
proteins in the field of bone tissue engineering. In this study, a
novel and highly viscous drug carrier was synthesized by a sequential
process of deoxyribose polycondensation and esterification. The effect
of synthesis parameters on the molecular weight, viscosity, and adhesion
of the material was studied and correlated to temperature and time
of polycondensation (Tp and tp), time and temperature of esterification (Te and te), and the molar ratio
of the monomer (R). The formulations were evaluated
for molecular weight and distribution properties using GPC, chemical
structures by FTIR and NMR spectra, and rheological properties using
a rheometer. Formulations illustrated a wide range of viscosities
(0.736 to 2225 Pa s), adhesion (0.896 to 58.45 N), and molecular weights
(637 to 4216 Da), where viscosity was significantly reduced in the
presence of low amounts of solvents (10–20%). The sustained
release of BSA was observed over 42 days in vitro. The biocompatibility
of poly(deoxyribose) isobutyrate (PDIB) as well as its potential as
a bone morphogenetic protein delivery system was assessed in vivo
using a rat ectopic bone model, where bone nodules were observed at
2 weeks. In summary, PDIB is a promising molecule with multiple applications
for protein delivery, including for bone tissue engineering
Author correction : Blue food demand across geographic and temporal scales (Nature Communications, (2021), 12, 1, (5413), 10.1038/s41467-021-25516-4)
No full textThe original version of this Article contained errors in the author affiliations. The affiliation of Malin Jonell and Beatrice Crona with Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden was inadvertently omitted. The affiliation of Malin Jonell with Beijer Institute of Ecological Economics, The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden was inadvertently omitted. This has now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.</p
