6,285 research outputs found
Protaspis obliqua Larsen and Patterson 1990
No full textProtaspis obliqua Larsen and Patterson, 1990 (fi gures 22j, 23i, j) Description. Cell slightly oval or roundish, 12-32 Mm long, 10-27 Mm wide, dorsoventrally fl attened, with thickened cortex. With a ventral median groove; cell indented anteriorly and posteriorly where groove meets margin. Subapically, the right margin of the groove forms a protrusion. With two fl agella inserting under the protrusion; the anterior fl agellum is about 0.5 times the length of the cell and the posterior fl agellum is about 0.5 -1.5 times the length of the cell. The nucleus is without nuclear caps, is located subapically in a median position, is rounded and is 5-13 Mm in diameter. Contained many food particles up to 5 Mm long. Commonly observed. Descriptions based on observations of 16 cells. Remarks. This species was described from marine sites in tropical Australia, Fiji and England by Larsen and Patterson (1990) and Tong (1997b). Cell length was reported to be 8.5-20 Mm by previous authors. Generally, our observations are in accordance with those of Larsen and Patterson (1990) although our length range extends the previous range. Although the identities of most species within the genus are di ffi cult to establish, the protrusion near the fl agellar insertions makes this species easy to identify.Published as part of Lee, Won Je & Patterson, David J., 2000, Heterotrophic flagellates (Protista) from marine sediments of Botany Bay, Australia, pp. 483-562 in Journal of Natural History 34 on page 54
Massisteria marina Larsen and Patterson 1990
No full textMassisteria marina Larsen and Patterson, 1990 (fi gures 21q, 22f) Description. Cells measuring 3-6.5 Mm, dorso-ventrally fl attened irregular body. Cells produce delicate pseudopodia with extrusomes, which extend radially from the cell and normally adhere to the substratum. Two short curved fl agella arise from the dorsal side of the cell and are relatively inactive. Rarely observed. Remarks. Generally, our observations are in good agreement with those of Larsen and Patterson (1990). Previously reported size ranges are 2.5-5 Mm (Patterson and Fenchel, 1990), 3-9 Mm (Larsen and Patterson, 1990; Vørs, 1992a, 1992b), 4.2-7 Mm (Ekebom et al., 1996), 2.5-4 Mm (Tong, 1997a) and 2-9.5 Mm (Tong et al., 1998). This species was found in marine sites in subtropica l and tropical Australia, Brazil, Denmark, Gulf of Finland, equatorial Paci fi c and Panama (Larsen and Patterson, 1990; Vørs, 1992a, 1992b; Vørs et al., 1995; Ekebom et al., 1996; Tong, 1997a; Tong et al., 1998).Published as part of Lee, Won Je & Patterson, David J., 2000, Heterotrophic flagellates (Protista) from marine sediments of Botany Bay, Australia, pp. 483-562 in Journal of Natural History 34 on page 54
Ploeotia oblonga Larsen and Patterson 1990
No full textPloeotia oblonga Larsen and Patterson, 1990 (fi gures 17c, 18i, j) Description. Cell about 27 Mm long and 12 Mm wide, slightly fl attened; oblong, with two major grooves dorsally and three major grooves ventrally. The ridged median ventral groove is more prominent than the two lateral ones. Two fl agella of unequal length emerge from the fl agellar reservoir situated in the left-hand side of the cell. The anterior fl agellum is about the length of the cell and sweeps sideways with irregular waves. The posterior fl agellum is about twice the cell length and is thicker than the anterior fl agellum. The ingestion organelle has two rods, is well developed and extends almost to the posterior end. Moves by gliding. The nucleus is in the right-hand side of the cell and near the centre. One cell observed. Remarks. Previous reported cell length is from 16 to 36 Mm; this species was found in marine sites in tropical Australia and Fiji (Larsen and Patterson, 1990; Ekebom et al., 1996; Patterson and Simpson, 1996). Generally, our observations are in agreement with the original description of Larsen and Patterson (1990). We include records of one cell (fi gure 18j) which, although similar to P. oblonga, differs because the cell does not have lateral grooves and has lateral ridges. Further study is required to establish the identities of these taxa. Ploeotia oblonga is distinguished from other species of the genus by its size and by the strong rigid median ventral groove.Published as part of Lee, Won Je & Patterson, David J., 2000, Heterotrophic flagellates (Protista) from marine sediments of Botany Bay, Australia, pp. 483-562 in Journal of Natural History 34 on page 52
Ploeotia discoides Larsen and Patterson 1990
No full textPloeotia discoides Larsen and Patterson, 1990 (fi gures 17b, 18e -g) Description. Cell outline oval or elliptical, 11-13 Mm long, 7-8 Mm wide, dorsoventrally fl attened. Dorsally with two lateral grooves and one median groove, and ventrally with two lateral grooves which can be di ffi cult to see. The reservoir is located anteriorly in the left side of the cell and is roundish. The anterior fl agellum is about the length of the cell and the posterior fl agellum is about 1.5-2 times the length of the cell. The ingestion organelle reaches almost to the posterior end of the cell. Rarely observed. Observations based on six cells. Remarks. This species was fi rst described by Larsen and Patterson (1990) from Brazil and cell length was previously reported to be 10-12 Mm. Ploeotia discoides resembles P. tenuis in having three longitudinal dorsal grooves, but it is distinguished by its lack of ventral grooves, fl atness, roundish reservoir, and by its smaller size (Larsen and Patterson, 1990). The ventral grooves are very hard to see and may be absent in some cells. The differences between P. discoides and P. tenuis are not great and future work may demonstrate that there is no unambiguous discontinuity between the two taxa.Published as part of Lee, Won Je & Patterson, David J., 2000, Heterotrophic flagellates (Protista) from marine sediments of Botany Bay, Australia, pp. 483-562 in Journal of Natural History 34 on pages 527-52
Cafeteria roenbergensis Fenchel and Patterson 1988
No full textCafeteria roenbergensis Fenchel and Patterson, 1988 (fi gures 20g, 21d, e) Description. Cells are D-shaped, 3.5-5 Mm long, and laterally compressed. There is a shallow groove on the left side of the cell. Two fl agella of similar length emerge subapically and are slightly longer than the cell. The anterior fl agellum is directed perpendicular to the ventral face of the cell of attached cells. The posterior fl agellum is reflexed, passing over one face of the cell and then attaching to the substratum by the tip. In swimming cells, the anterior fl agellum is directed forwards and beats with a sine-wave, and the posterior fl agellum is directed backwards and trails. Usually moves fast following a spiral path, but sometimes moves slowly. Food particles (bacteria) may be ingested near the posterior part of the ventral groove. Not common. Remarks. Generally, our observations are consistent with descriptions of Fenchel and Patterson (1988) and Larsen and Patterson (1990). Previous studies reported the size range to be 1.5-10 Mm (Fenchel and Patterson, 1988; Larsen and Patterson, 1990; Vørs, 1992a, 1992b, 1993a, 1993b; Patterson et al., 1993; Vørs et al., 1995; Ekebom et al., 1996; Patterson and Simpson, 1996; Tong, 1997 a, 1997b; Tong et al., 1997, 1998; Bernard et al., 1999). This species has been widely found from marine sites in Antarctica, subtropical and tropical Australia, North Atlantic, Baltic, Denmark, England, Gulf of Finland, Greenland and equatorial Paci fi c. This species resembles Cafeteria minuta (Ruinen, 1938) Larsen and Patterson, 1990 in general appearance, but is distinguished because C. minuta has a longer anterior fl agellum. Cafeteria roenbergensis resembles C. marsupialis Larsen and Patterson, 1990 in general appearance and in having a short anterior fl agellum, but C. marsupialis is larger and has a ventral groove with a posterior channel leading into the cell. It may not be clearly distinguished from Acronema sippewissettensis (Teal et al., 1998), the fl agella of which are said to be acronematic. Cafeteria roenbergensis may occasionally occupy about 6-20% of the heterotrophic fl agellate population (Fenchel, 1982; Tong, 1997b) and is cosmopolitan.Published as part of Lee, Won Je & Patterson, David J., 2000, Heterotrophic flagellates (Protista) from marine sediments of Botany Bay, Australia, pp. 483-562 in Journal of Natural History 34 on page 53
Oligosoma notosaurus Patterson & Daugherty 1990
No full textOligosoma notosaurus (Patterson & Daugherty, 1990) A full description of O. notosaurus is contained in Patterson & Daugherty (1990). For the current study we reexamined all of the specimens included in the original description apart from the holotype, which has been lost from the Te Papa collection.Published as part of Chapple, David G., Bell, Trent P., Chapple, Stephanie N. J., Miller, Kimberly A., Daugherty, Charles H. & Patterson, Geoff B., 2011, Phylogeography and taxonomic revision of the New Zealand cryptic skink (Oligosoma inconspicuum; Reptilia: Scincidae) species complex, pp. 1-33 in Zootaxa 2782 on page 28, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20546
Petalomonas minor Larsen and Patterson 1990
No full textPetalomonas minor Larsen and Patterson, 1990 (fi gures 14d, 16a -d) Description. Cell outline ovate-rhomboid, 6-11 Mm long, 4-8 Mm wide. A distinct, longitudinal dorsal keel lies to the right of the midline. Two fi ne ventral ridges may be seen towards the posterior end. The dorsal face is slightly concave between the longitudinal dorsal keel and the lateral margin of the cell. With one fl agellum about the same length as the cell inserting in a reservoir located in the right side of the cell. The nucleus is in the left side. Glides with the fl agellum directed forwards. Commonly observed. Descriptions based on observations of 28 cells. Remarks. Larsen and Patterson (1990) fi rst described this species from marine sites in tropical Australia and Fiji. They reported lengths ranging from 7 to 9 Mm. Generally, our observations are in accordance with observations of Larsen and Patterson (1990), but the species described here has two fi ne ventral ridges not reported by Larsen and Patterson (1990). They could easily have been overlooked. The species resembles P. poosilla (see below) in having two fi ne ventral ridges and in length, but it can be distinguished by its dorsal keel and cell shape. In having one distinct dorsal keel, the species is similar to a few other species in the genus Petalomonas such as P. lata Christen, 1962, P. steinii Klebs, 1893 and P. variablilis Christen, 1962 (see Huber-Pestalozzi, 1955; Christen, 1962b). It can be recognized from all of these by its small size.Published as part of Lee, Won Je & Patterson, David J., 2000, Heterotrophic flagellates (Protista) from marine sediments of Botany Bay, Australia, pp. 483-562 in Journal of Natural History 34 on page 52
Protaspis gemmifera Larsen and Patterson 1990
No full textProtaspis gemmifera Larsen and Patterson, 1990 (fi gures 22i, 23f -h) Description. Cell outline oval or roundish, 9-16 Mm long and 9-11 Mm wide, dorso-ventrally fl attened. Cell surface is rather warty. Two fl agella insert subapically in an indistinct ventral furrow. The anterior fl agellum is as long as the cell and the posterior fl agellum is about 1.3-3 times the cell length. The posterior fl agellum inserts in an antero-posterio r line of the anterior fl agellum and trails behind the cell. The nucleus is situated anteriorly below the fl agellar insertion, has caps and is roundish. Reserve material may be present as oval or rod shaped bodies. Glides very fast with the anterior fl agellum. Produces pseudopodia from the ventral furrow. Sometimes commonly observed. Description based on observations of 33 cells. Remarks. Generally, our observations agree with the original description of Larsen and Patterson (1990) although they did not refer to the warty surface. Protaspis gemmifera was recorded from Brazil and North Atlantic by Larsen and Patterson (1990) and Patterson et al. (1993), respectively. Cell lengths were previously reported as 10-17 Mm (Larsen and Patterson, 1990; Patterson et al., 1993). Nuclear caps were not seen in any of the cells described by Patterson et al. (1993) but this character may have been overlooked because the nuclear caps may be di ffi cult to see in fast moving cells. Some cells did not have reserve materials in the posterior end of the cell, and reserve materials may not be useful as a diagnostic character although we have not seen the distinctive rod-shaped reserve materials in any species other than this one. Protaspis gemmifera resembles P. verrucosa Larsen and Patterson, 1990 in general appearance and length, but it has been distinguished by the longitudinal ventral furrow in P. verrucosa and the presence of nuclear caps in P. gemmifera. Figure 60b in Larsen and Patterson (1990), which is the type micrograph for P. verrucosa, shows some similarity to our cells in fi gure 23h. We are not sure whether these two species are clearly distinguishable. Protaspis gemmifera is probably detritivorous (Patterson et al., 1993). The organism referred to as P. simplex by Tong et al. (1998) has probably been illustrated by pictures of P. gemmifera, but having consulted original records, we can con fi rm that both species were present. The genus contains nine species: P. gemmifera Larsen and Patterson, 1990, P. glans Skuja, 1939, P. major Skuja, 1939, P. metarhiza Skuja, 1939, P. obovata Skuja, 1948, P. obliqua Larsen and Patterson, 1990, P. simplex Vørs, 1992, P. tegere Larsen and Patterson, 1990 and P. verrucosa Larsen and Patterson, 1990. The boundaries among many species are not clear (table 2), and this genus needs more attention.Published as part of Lee, Won Je & Patterson, David J., 2000, Heterotrophic flagellates (Protista) from marine sediments of Botany Bay, Australia, pp. 483-562 in Journal of Natural History 34 on page 54
Ploeotia corrugata Larsen and Patterson 1990
No full textPloeotia corrugata Larsen and Patterson, 1990 (fi gures 17a, 18a -d) Description. Cell measuring 8-20 Mm long (mostly 13-15 Mm) and 6-12 Mm wide. Cell outline elliptical to rhomboid, dorsally convex and ventrally fl attened. Seven ridges on the dorsal side; two of which appear as a marginal rim. The right half of the cell is slightly thicker than the left, with a slight ridge down the middle of the ventral side against which the recurrent fl agellum lies. The posterior end of the cell is indented. With two fl agella of unequal length; the anterior fl agellum is about the same length as the cell, beats rapidly from side to side with an irregular wave motion when the cell glides. The posterior fl agellum is about 1.5-2.2 times the length of the cell and tapers slightly towards the posterior end of the cell. The reservoir is on the left ventral side of the cell and the ingestion organelle with two rods extends from right anterior of cell to left posterior. Moves by smooth gliding. Common, description based on observations of 15 cells. Remarks. This species was fi rst described by Larsen and Patterson (1990) from subtropical and tropical Australia, North Atlantic, Brazil, Danish Wadden Sea, Denmark, England, Fiji, Hawaii, Panama and has also been reported from the USA, and previous reported cell length ranges from 7 to 15 Mm (Larsen and Patterson, 1990; Patterson et al., 1993; Farmer and Triemer, 1994; Ekebom et al., 1996; Patterson and Simpson, 1996; Tong et al., 1998). It is widespread and often common, but not in the winter season. The cells described here are generally in agreement with the observations of Ekebom et al. (1996) and of Farmer and Triemer (1994) under the name Lentomonas applanatum (basionym Entosiphon applanatum Preisig, 1979). We suspect that L. applanatum is synonymous with P. corrugata (Ekebom et al., 1996) because the size ranges of the two species overlap; L. applanatum, about 10 Mm, P. corrugata, 7-15 Mm, and both species have seven ridges on the dorsal side of the cell. However, the species cannot be synonymized until the uncertainty with respect to protrusion of the ingestion apparatus of L. applanatum sensu Farmer and Triemer is clari fi ed. Ploeotia corrugata resembles P. decipiens Larsen and Patterson, 1990 in general appearance, but it is distinguished by the number and prominence of the dorsal ridges, slightly smaller size and indented posterior end.Published as part of Lee, Won Je & Patterson, David J., 2000, Heterotrophic flagellates (Protista) from marine sediments of Botany Bay, Australia, pp. 483-562 in Journal of Natural History 34 on page 52
Discocelis punctata Larsen and Patterson 1990
No full textDiscocelis punctata Larsen and Patterson, 1990 (fi gures 23l -m, 24g) Description. Cell about 6 Mm long, disc-shaped, dorso-ventrally fl attened, anteriorly concave and posteriorly convex. Two fl agella emerge from a depression on the anterior end of the cell. The recurrent fl agellum trails behind the gliding cell and is slightly longer than the cell. The shorter fl agellum is less than 1 Mm long, is hard to see and is inactive. The nucleus is located anteriorly in the right half of the cell. There is a line of bodies around the margin of the cell. Glides smoothly in closely contact with the substratum. Rare. One cell observed. Remarks. Discocelis punctata has been described by Larsen and Patterson (1990) and Tong et al. (1998) from marine sites in Brazil and Fiji, and our observations are in accord with their description except our cell is smaller than the previously reported cell dimensions of 6.5-9 Mm. The size of the cell observed here is between that of D. saleuta and D. punctata. Discocelis saleuta may have peripheral bodies (Vørs, 1988; Larsen and Patterson, 1990) but these are not visible by light microscopy. We assign this individual to D. punctata because the peripheral granules were easy to see. Future work may indicate that we need to combine these two species. This species can be confused with the genus Metromonas in having one long recurrent fl agellum and one short, inactive fl agellum, but it is distinguished by the fl atness of the cell, the pattern of movement, and the peripheral bodies.Published as part of Lee, Won Je & Patterson, David J., 2000, Heterotrophic flagellates (Protista) from marine sediments of Botany Bay, Australia, pp. 483-562 in Journal of Natural History 34 on pages 550-55
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