211 research outputs found
The extracellular calcium-sensing receptor regulates human fetal lung development via CFTR
No full textOptimal fetal lung growth requires anion-driven fluid secretion into the lumen of the developing organ. The fetus is hypercalcemic compared to the mother and here we show that in the developing human lung this hypercalcaemia acts on the extracellular calcium-sensing receptor, CaSR, to promote fluid-driven lung expansion through activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, CFTR. Several chloride channels including TMEM16, bestrophin, CFTR, CLCN2 and CLCA1, are also expressed in the developing human fetal lung at gestational stages when CaSR expression is maximal. Measurements of Cl(-)-driven fluid secretion in organ explant cultures show that pharmacological CaSR activation by calcimimetics stimulates lung fluid secretion through CFTR, an effect which in humans, but not mice, was also mimicked by fetal hypercalcemic conditions, demonstrating that the physiological relevance of such a mechanism appears to be species-specific. Calcimimetics promote CFTR opening by activating adenylate cyclase and we show that Ca(2+)-stimulated type I adenylate cyclase is expressed in the developing human lung. Together, these observations suggest that physiological fetal hypercalcemia, acting on the CaSR, promotes human fetal lung development via cAMP-dependent opening of CFTR. Disturbances in this process would be expected to permanently impact lung structure and might predispose to certain postnatal respiratory diseases
J. Murphy with Mrs. Yate and Others, circa 1960
No full textGroup portrait of J. Murphy with Mrs. Yate and others.The Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library acknowledges the generous support of the Council on Library and Information Resources (CLIR) in supporting the processing and digitization of a number of historic collections as part of the project: Our Story: Digitizing Publications and Photographs of the Historically Black Atlanta University Center Institutions.</em
Computer Science and Engineering Research Review 1987-1988
No full textTable of Contents:
Elmwood -An Object-Oriented Multiprocessor
Operating System /
John Mellor-Crummey, Thomas LeBlanc, Lawrence Crowl, Neal Gafter, Peter Dibble p. 5;
Eye Movements and Computer Vision /
Dana Ballard, Christopher Brown, David Coombs, Brian Marsh p. 20;
Infinite Behavior in Connectionist Models with Asymmetric Weights /
Sara Porat p. 28;
Covering a Set of Test Patterns by a Cellular Automaton / Sue-Ken Yap, Alexander Albicki p. 35;
Faculty p. 40;
Publications p. 43;
Doctoral and Master's Theses p. 54;
Seminars p. 57;
Grant Support p. 59;
Industrial Support p, 60
Breast cancer in lesbians and bisexual women: Systematic review of incidence, prevalence and risk studies
No full textThis article is made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund. © 2013 Meads and Moore; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use,
distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.Background: The UK Parliamentary Enquiry and USA Institute of Medicine state that lesbians may be at a higher risk of breast cancer but there is insufficient information. Lesbians and bisexual (LB) women have behavioural risk-factors at higher rates compared to heterosexuals such as increased alcohol intake and higher stress levels. Conversely, breast cancer rates are higher in more affluent women yet income levels in LB women are relatively low. This systematic review investigated all evidence on whether there is, or likely to be, higher rates of breast cancer in LB women. Methods: Cochrane library (CDSR, CENTRAL, HTA, DARE, NHSEED), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO, CAB abstracts, Web of Science (SCI, SSCI), SIGLE and Social Care Online databases were searched to October 2013. Unpublished research and specific lesbian, gay and bisexual websites were checked, as were citation lists of relevant papers. Included were studies in LB populations reporting breast cancer incidence or prevalence rates, risk model results or risk-factor estimates. Inclusions, data-extraction and quality assessment were by two reviewers with disagreements resolved by discussion. Results: Searches found 198 references. No incidence rates were found. Nine studies gave prevalence estimates - two showed higher, four showed no differences, one showed mixed results depending on definitions, one had no comparison group and one gave no sample size. All studies were small with poor methodological and/or reporting quality. One incidence modelling study suggested a higher rate. Four risk modelling studies were found, one Rosner-Colditz and three Gail models. Three suggested higher and one lower rate in LB compared to heterosexual women. Six risk-factor estimates suggested higher risk and one no difference between LB and heterosexual women. Conclusions: The only realistic way to establish rates in LB women would be to collect sexual orientation within routine statistics, including cancer registry data, or from large cohort studies
Modeling the Firm as a Network
No full textThis paper was started at the 1997 Santa Fe Institute Graduate Workshop in Computational Economics. It has benefited from the comments, suggestions, and criticism of the participants of the workshop and from the participants of the Computational 2 Laboratories Group at UCSB. I wish to thank the following people directly for valuable conversations and feedback: John Miller, Scott Page, Stephen J. DeCanio, Michael Lenox, Peter Wurman, Keyvan Amir-Atefi, Glen Mitchell, and Catherine Dibble. The research was supported in part by a grant from the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Finally, all errors are those of the author.
Parental Rights Movement on Utah\u27s Capitol Hill Should Not Make Gains at the Expense of the State\u27s Children
No full textThe University of Utah College of Law Introduces Its 1960 Graduating Class
No full textPhotographs and profiles of 54 graduates: Stephen Anderson, George H. Badger, Richard V. Barndt, John Hoyt Blackhurst, Don L. Bybee, Robert A. Calvert, John L. Chidester, Arthur G. Christean, Douglas L. Cornaby, Robert D. Crofts, William K. Daines, Charles A. Degnan, George S. Dibble, Jr., Jack D. Duvall, Phillip Lang Foremaster, Leland D. Ford, Alan D. Frandsen, Charles T. George, James D. Glenn, Robert M. Graham, Marion E. Gubler, Raymond M. Harding, R. Howard Harmer, Keith C. Hayes, Cleon A. Hodges, L. Brent Hoggan, James F. Housley, Cornell M. Jensen, Dallin W. Jensen, Ralph L. Jerman, Mike J. Leventis, Mark A. Madsen, Armand McMillan, Robert M. McRae, George M. Paulson, Jr., Malcolm D. Pike, George W. Preston, K. Ralph Raat, David K. Richards, Richard Richards, Del B. Rowe, David Sam, James J. Smedley, Burton M. Stanley, Ray M. Stanley, Justin C. Stewart, Byron L. Stubbs, Ernest M. Tavernier, Verl B. Topham, Rodney B. Tunks, Gerald L. Turner, Jarold C. Valentine, Warren M. Weggeland, Shirley Zabel
GLI1 confers profound phenotypic changes upon LNCaP prostrate cancer cells that include the acquisition of a hormone independent state
No full textThe GLI (GLI1/GLI2) transcription factors have been implicated in the development and progression of prostate cancer although our understanding of how they actually contribute to the biology of these common tumours is limited. We observed that GLI reporter activity was higher in normal (PNT-2) and tumourigenic (DU145 and PC-3) androgen-independent cells compared to androgen-dependent LNCaP prostate cancer cells and, accordingly, GLI mRNA levels were also elevated. Ectopic expression of GLI1 or the constitutively active ?NGLI2 mutant induced a distinct cobblestone-like morphology in LNCaP cells that, regarding the former, correlated with increased GLI2 as well as expression of the basal/stem-like markers CD44, ?1-integrin, ?Np63 and BMI1, and decreased expression of the luminal marker AR (androgen receptor). LNCaP-GLI1 cells were viable in the presence of the AR inhibitor bicalutamide and gene expression profiling revealed that the transcriptome of LNCaP-GLI1 cells was significantly closer to DU145 and PC-3 cells than to control LNCaP-pBP (empty vector) cells, as well as identifying LCN2/NGAL as a highly induced transcript which is associated with hormone independence in breast and prostate cancer. Functionally, LNCaP-GLI1 cells displayed greater clonal growth and were more invasive than control cells but they did not form colonies in soft agar or prostaspheres in suspension suggesting that they do not possess inherent stem cell properties. Moreover, targeted suppression of GLI1 or GLI2 with siRNA did not reverse the transformed phenotype of LNCaP-GLI1 cells nor did double GLI1/GLI2 knockdowns activate AR expression in DU145 or PC-3 cells. As such, early targeting of the GLI oncoproteins may hinder progression to a hormone independent state but a more detailed understanding of the mechanisms that maintain this phenotype is required to determine if their inhibition will enhance the efficacy of anti-hormonal therapy through the induction of a luminal phenotype and increased dependency upon AR function
Subjectivity inherent in by-eye symmetry judgements and the large cutting tools at the Cave of Hearths, Limpopo Province, South Africa
No full textThe Stone Age of South Africa is an area of study due for a renaissance, and there is a real need for unification of the extant evidence. As a beginning to this, new methodologies have been proposed. This paper tackles the issue of symmetry, specifically the subjectivity involved in by-eye judgements. Assumptions of subjectivity, however, are not proof: presented here is a critical analysis of the inherent bias of by-eye symmetry judgements. Ultimately it is clear that the method contains a level of subjectivity which strips it of any analytical value. The by-eye judgement of symmetry is replaced by the more robust Flip Test computer program, and a brief study is made of the Large Cutting Tools (LCT) at a vitally important, yet often overlooked, site dating from the Pleistocene in South Africa, the Cave of Hearths, Limpopo province. The corollary is that the symmetry present in the Cave of Hearths Large Cutting Tools can be studied with some measure of confidence: suggestions are made regarding the nature of tool typologies and the knappers’ ultimate focus on tip shape and utility
War Averters: Seward, Mallory, and Fort Pickens
No full textIn January 1861, the scene was set in Pensacola and the curtain almost drawn for the first major military confrontation of the Civil War. A crisis over federal property developed in Florida, and except for Fort Pickens at Pensacola and Fort Taylor in Key West, all government installations were seized. In Pensacola, both sides expected hostilities to begin immediately. The navy yard at Warrington, Barrancas barracks, and Fort McRee were taken peacefully, but Lieutenant Adam J. Slemmer, in command of the Pensacola forts, removed all of his men and as much equipment as possible from the other locations into the more strategically located Fort Pickens. At the same time, Florida’s senators, David L. Yulee and Stephen R. Mallory, were crystallizing their desire to capture Fort Pickens. Senator Yulee echoed the thoughts of many others in stating that “the naval station and forts at Pensacola are first in consequence.
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