370 research outputs found
Disillusioned radicals: The intellectual odyssey of Todd Gitlin, Ronald Radosh and David Horowitz
No full textFrom the 1930s to the present there have those who have become enchanted with the left only to become disenchanted later. From Whittaker Chambers and Max Eastman in the 1930s to James Burnham in the 1940s, figures have been devoted to the ideology of the left only to turn against it in anger. Three figures that are emblematic of this change today are David Horowitz, Ronald Radosh, and Todd Gitlin. These three men, once ardent leftists, became disillusioned with the left. Even while situated on the left, these men could be critical of the left as will be discussed later. All three responded to the intellectual collapse of the New Left in different ways. Horowitz, Radosh, and Gitlin's criticisms of the left are significant because all played important roles in the formation of the New Left of the 1960s. This prospectus will examine the intellectual development of these three men and the process by which they moved away from the left
Gitlin, Andrew David, Educative Research, Voice, and School Change, Harvard Educational Review, 60(November, 1990), 443-466.
No full textProposes and describes a dialogical approach to research that develops voice as a form of political protest; illustrated by a specific study
Digging In: Which Dementia Symptoms Are Most Burdensome to Caregivers?
No full textAbstract
Date Presented 3/31/2017
Despite much reporting on the association between neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of dementia and caregiver burden, little preparatory work has informed whether the type of NPS influences burden level. This exploratory factor analysis with 569 dyads reports clinically meaningful findings.
Primary Author and Speaker: Paul Arthur
Contributing Authors: John Kairalla, William C. Mann, Laura Gitlin</jats:p
Sixties Author to Appear for UD\u27s Distinguished Speaker Series
No full textNews release announces that Todd Gitlin, author of the acclaimed book The Sixties: Years of Hope, Days of Rage and director of mass communication at the University of California at Berkeley, will appear at the University of Dayton as part of the Distinguished Speaker Series
Economically Disadvantaged Youths Say \u27No\u27 to Drugs as Part of National Youth Sports Program at UD; \u27Sixties\u27 Author to Appear for UD\u27s Distinguished Speaker Series
No full textMedia tip sheet: A drug education specialist will speak as an extension of the National Youth Sports Program; author Todd Gitlin will give a lecture as part of the Distinguished Speaker Series
Shuffling Algorithm for Coupled Tilings of the Aztec Diamond
No full textIn this article, we define a generalization of the domino shuffling algorithm for tilings of the Aztec diamond to the interacting k-tilings recently introduced by S. Corteel, A. Gitlin, and the first author. We describe the algorithm both in terms of dynamics on a system of colored particles and as operations on the dominos themselves
The Effects of Cognitive Depletion and Preparation on Lie Detection
No full textCognitive load strategies show promise in the field of detecting deception. Due to the major role executive functions like inhibition play in forming a lie, interference with the brain's ability to manage these functions make it harder to lie. The Attention Network Test (ANT), which has been shown to target inhibitory control in participants, was used in two experiments. This study verifies past findings of an unpublished study by Echon (2012), as well as provides a secondary analysis of unused data from the study. Analyses attempt to understand the effects of statement veracity, cognitive depletion, and preparation on the ability of third - party observers to identify behavioral cues (Experiment 1) and discern truth from lie accurately (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 114 participants were recruited to rate the presence of behavioral cues in video recorded accounts. This experiment found that depleted liars who were also prepared exhibited fewer behavioral cues that would indicate their deceit and more cues that suggest truthfulness. Experiment 2 recruited 117 participants online and asked them to make veracity judgments on the video recorded accounts. Experiment 2 is a verification of prior results with effect sizes added for additional context. This experiment found that observers detected deception at a higher rate when the interviewee was depleted and unprepared. Both experiments provided support for preparation being a powerful countermeasure, that could even mitigate the effects of heightened cognitive load, for liars
Beauty Is in the Eye(brow) of the Beholder: Perceived Attractiveness Related to Eyebrow Characteristics
No full textAttractiveness is a concept long studied by psychologists, and of interest to many lay people, as it influences our perception of others. Two evolutionary principles, sexual dimorphism and facial contrast, drove this research to explore the effects of attractiveness from the perception of both young and older adults. Many features of the face have been studied before, such as eyes and lips, but this research seeks to understand the importance of eyebrows on attractiveness. In this study, different conditions of eyebrows were manipulated to enhance certain features, such as the thickness, thinness, darkness, and lightness of the eyebrows. Both young adult (college students) and older adults were asked to participate in this study. Participants were shown 100 images and then asked to rate how attractive they perceived each face. Young adults rated the lighter eyebrow conditions as less attractive, consistent with theories of sexual dimorphism. Older adults preferred thicker eyebrows, which was inconsistent with the hypothesis. Overall, both the young and older adults rated the original eyebrow condition as more attractive, indicating a preference for more naturally looking eyebrows. Results were closely supported by the current trends of eyebrows and exemplifies the significance of current trends and cultural differences on perceived attractiveness in society.https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.738842
Awareness and use of assistive technology among older adults with vision impairments in the Midwestern United States
No full textPlan BOlder adults with vision impairments make up more than 18% of the population of the United States (Boswell, 2000; Braille Institute, 2000). If these trends continue an estimated 13 million older adults are likely to be affected by a visual impairment or blindness in the next 20 to 30 years. According to the U.S. Census Bureau (2002) and the Federal Interagency Forum on Aging-Related Statistics (2000), there are significantly higher proportions of older adults in certain states around the country. States with the highest numbers of older adults who experience a visual impairment are centered within the Midwestern region of the United States (National Eye Institute, 2002). Older adults who are visually impaired find it increasingly difficult to perform daily living activities and remaining independent. The use of assistive technology may play a significant role in the lives of older adults who are visually impaired or blind. Current research however, indicates that most older adults with disabilities, including those with vision loss are unaware of the availability of devices to improve their independent functioning (Russell, 1997; Campell, 1999; Gitlin, 2002). At the same time, studies suggest that maintaining independence is one of greatest concerns among older adults (Mack, 1997). Additionally, research has shown that older adults with vision impairments have a 15% higher probability of being admitted to a nursing home than other older adults (Moore, 1994). There is a need to examine the level of awareness and use of adaptive devices among older adults who are visually impaired or blind, and of the possible effects assistive technology may have on their quality of life. The current study examined the level of awareness and frequency of use of assistive technology devices among older persons with visual impairments in the Midwestern United States. Awareness and use of assistive technology was measured among 113 adults more than 55 years of age who were identified as experiencing a visual impairment, and who resided in the three states of Montana, North Dakota, and Wisconsin. Information was gathered through the use of a survey designed by the primary researcher for this study. Additional areas of information gathered by the researcher included demographic information, medical and health issues, safety, timeliness of services, and available funding sources. Results suggest that older adults with visual impairments were not aware of assistive technology that is available to enhance general activities of daily living. Magnifiers and Close Circuit Televisions (CCTV) were the most commonly used forms of assistive technology among participants in the survey, which corresponds to the reported limitations of reading and writing. While no statistically significant findings were found, there were some important trends to consider. Overall, participants in the study were not concerned with safety or general medical and health needs. At the same time, a large number of survey respondents indicated that they had at least one disabling condition in addition to their visual loss. Many had two or more additional disabling conditions. Deafness and cardiovascular disease were found to be the top two secondary health conditions. Perhaps the most distressing results related to the lack of available funding to support assistive technology purchases. The vast majority (87.6%) of respondents choose “self-pay” as their primary funding source for assistive technology. Results suggest the need for increased education about available technology to enhance daily living skills as well as identification of funding sources to support technology for older adults with visual impairments
Negative Mood Regulation Expectancies, Trait Anxiety, and Mood-Congruent Cognition Following an Anxiety Induction
No full textMost studies show that trait anxiety (TA) and state anxiety (SA) predict attention to anxiety-evoking (AE) information, but it is uncertain if TA or SA is a better predictor of attention to AE information. Additionally, while some studies examining TA and SA'sprediction of memory for AE information have found a memory bias for AE information, others have not. Negative mood regulation expectancies (NMRE) are beliefs about one's being able to improve one's mood when feeling upset. High NMRE protect individuals from some ill effects of anxiety, and high NMRE individuals retrieve more positivepersonal memories when in a negative mood. The current online study examined TA, SA, and NMRE as predictors of 111 college students' (72.1% female; 41.4% Hispanic or Latino, 21.6% White, and 31.5% Asian) unconscious attention to AE words on an anxiety Stroop task, in which they indicated the font color the words were presented in, and memory for AE headlines following an anxiety induction. Results indicate that SA may predict attention to AE information better than TA. Support was not found for hypotheses that NMRE or TA would predict attention to or memory for AE information. This study's online format may have limited the effectiveness of the anxiety induction and the anxietyStroop task
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