8 research outputs found
Diel vertical migration of zooplankton and mesopelagic fish in the Arabian Sea
No full textAcoustic (153
kHz ADCP and 12
kHz hull-mounted transducers) data and MOCNESS (MOC01 and MOC10) net tow samples collected in the Arabian Sea during the Spring Intermonsoon (April/May) and Southwest Monsoon (August) in 1995 documented substantial diel migrations of fish and zooplankton despite the year-round presence of an oxygen minimum (<0.2
ml
l
−1 at 125–150
m). Fish and zooplankton layers were distinguished by comparing 12
kHz sonar and 153
kHz ADCP backscatter data, which indicated that the strongly migrating layers were predominantly composed of fishes. Fish vertical migration speeds were independently estimated from the slopes of the volume scattering layers and from the vertical velocity components of the ADCP, yielding average speeds of 4 and 3
cm
s
−1 and maximum speeds of 13 and 10
cm
s
−1, respectively. A few migrating zooplankton layers were identified with an average speed of about 2
cm
s
−1 and maximum speeds as high as 8
cm
s
−1. Migration depths for both zooplankton and fish differed somewhat amongst stations and appeared to be related to local hydrographic conditions (principally the vertical gradients in DO and water temperature). Zooplankton displacement volumes at individual sites suggested that zooplankton biomass during the Southwest Monsoon could be as much as fivefold greater than during the Spring Intermonsoon. This observation was confirmed for the region in general by first deriving a relationship between ADCP backscatter intensity and daytime zooplankton biomass and then comparing the latter between cruises using daytime ADCP data taken along a 1500
km transect that extended from the coast of Somalia to the center of the northern basin
Population-Dynamics of Juvenile Caribbean Spiny Lobster, Panulirus-Argus, in Florida Bay, Florida
No full textDespite a wealth of information on the growth and population dynamics of sub-adult and adult Caribbean spiny lobsters (Panulirus argus), there is far less information about younger juveniles under natural conditions. Here we describe growth and population dynamics of juvenile spiny lobsters (12-68 mm carapace length, CL) that we have studied for 14 months (October 1988-December 1989) using mark-recapture techniques in a hardbottom community in Florida Bay, Florida. We also monitored the supply of postlarvae into the region in 1988 and 1989 using Witham-type surface collectors in an effort to link peak periods of settlement of postlarvae with subsequent cohorts of juveniles. Field estimates of growth were the highest ever reported for this species, averaging 0.95 mm CL.wk-1 (range: 0.35-1.25 mm CL.wk-1 for individuals 20-25 mm CL and 40-45 mm CL, respectively). These results indicate that lobsters in some areas in Florida Bay can reach Florida\u27s legal harvestable size (76 mm CL) 1.5 years after settlement. Season and lobster size had significant effects on growth rates; slower growth occurred during the winter and among small individuals. Differences in growth among size classes resulted from changes in molt increment, whereas seasonal differences were a result of changes in intermolt interval. Using mark-recapture techniques, we estimate that the density of juvenile spiny lobsters \u3c45 mm CL in this prime nursery habitat was 454.ha-1, that the mean monthly probability of survival (reflecting actual mortality plus emigration) was 0.51, and that an average of 131 lobsters entered the population through recruitment and immigration each month. Recruitment of juveniles was significantly correlated (r = 0.83) with the supply of postlarvae to the region 8 months earlier. This relationship is stronger than was previously believed, and may only be manifested in areas with superior nursery habitat
A Long-Term Interdisciplinary Study of the Florida Keys Seascape
No full textThe SEAKEYS (Sustained Ecological Research Related to Management of the Florida Keys Seascape) program is a research framework which encompasses the large geographic scale and long time scale of natural marine processes and ecosystem variation upon which human impact is superimposed. The core of the program is six instrumented, satellite-linked monitoring stations which span the 220 mile-long coral reef tract and Florida Bay and which, since 1991, have documented the potential impact of summer heating, winter cold fronts, storms, and distant floods. Water column and sediment nutrient studies have shown elevated nutrient levels in nearshore waters decreasing sharply to low levels near the offshore coral reef tract. Regional nutrient dynamics are complicated by periodic upwelling driven by the Florida Current
2nd Joint GOSUD/SAMOS Workshop, U.S.Coast Guard Base, Seattle, Washington, 10-12 June 2008.
No full textOn 10-12 June 2008, the NOAA Climate Observation Division sponsored the 2nd Joint Global Ocean Surface Underway Data (GOSUD)/Shipboard Automated Meteorological and Oceanographic System (SAMOS) Workshop in Seattle, WA, USA. The workshop focused on the ongoing collaboration between GOSUD and SAMOS and addressing the needs of the research and operational community for highquality underway oceanographic and meteorological observations from ships. The SAMOS initiative is working to improve access to calibrated, quality-controlled, surface marine meteorological data collected
in-situ by automated instrumentation on research vessels (primarily) and select merchant ships. GOSUD is an IODE project which focuses on the collection, quality evaluation, and distribution of near surface ocean parameters (for the moment mainly salinity and sea temperature) from vessels.
The workshop organizing committee (Shawn Smith, Mark Bourassa, Loic Petit de la Villéon, David Forcucci, and Phillip McGillivary) brought together a panel consisting of operational and research scientists, educators, marine technicians, and private sector and government representatives to address several key topics (see below). Participants from the U.S. government represented NOAA (AOML, COD, ESRL, NDBC, NODC, NWS, PMC, and PMEL) and the United States Coast Guard. CIRES, LUMCON, Florida State University, Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Oregon State University, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Stony Brook University, and the Universities of Delaware, Maryland, Miami, and Rhode Island represented the United States university community. A significant international presence included representatives from the Bureau of Meteorology (Australia); Environment Canada (Canada); LEGOS, IFREMER, and Meteo France (France); the University of Hamburg (Germany); the Directorate of Civil Aviation (Kuwait); the Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (Nigeria),
University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain); and the NOCS (UK). Educators were present from ACT, IIRP, and MATE. Finally, Earth and Space Research, the RMR Company, and two consultants represented the private sector.
The workshop was comprised of invited and contributed talks, poster presentations, plenary discussions, and the SAMOS and GOSUD technical working group meetings. Broad topic areas included new opportunities for international collaboration, emerging technologies, scientific application of underway measurements, and data and metadata issues. New sessions included a technician’s round-table discussion and developing educational initiatives.
Scientific discussion centered around the need for high-quality meteorological and thermosalinograph observations to support satellite calibration and validation, ocean data assimilation, polar studies, air-sea flux estimation, and improving analyses of precipitation, carbon, and radiation. Determining the regions of the ocean and observational parameters necessary to achieve operational and research objectives requires input by the scientific user community. The CLIVAR community should be one way to approach the scientific community. This input will allow SAMOS and GOSUD to target their limited resources on vessels operating in the high priority regions. The vessel operators and marine technicians were very supportive of the activities of SAMOS and GOSUD. They requested a clear set of guidelines for parameters to measure, routine monitoring activities, and calibration schedules. The operators also desire additional routine feedback on data flow and data quality. A clear need for training and educational material was noted by the technical community. The dissemination of best practices guides for existing techs and pre-cruise training for new techs were suggested. The result of the workshop was a series of action items (Appendix A) and seven recommendations.Supported by IOC for IODE.Document available in ENglish.Publishe
Recommended from our members
Improving Situational Awareness in the Arctic Ocean
No full textTo successfully operate in a harsh environment like the Arctic Ocean, one must be able to understand and predict how that environment will evolve over different spatial and temporal scales. This is particularly challenging given the on-going and significant environmental changes that are occurring in the region. Access to the most recent environmental information provides timely knowledge that enables ship-based operations to proceed efficiently, effectively and safely in this difficult arena. Knowledge of the evolving environmental conditions during a field campaign is critical for effective planning, optimal execution of sampling strategies, and to provide a broader context to data collected at specific times and places. We describe the collaborations and processes that enabled an operational system to be developed to provide a remote field-team, located on USCGC Healy in the Beaufort Sea, with near real-time situational awareness information regarding the weather, sea ice conditions, and oceanographic processes. The developed system included the punctual throughput of near real-time products such as satellite imagery, meteorological forecasts, ice charts, model outputs, and up to date locations of key sea ice and ocean-based assets. Science and operational users, as well as onshore personnel, used this system for real-time practical considerations such as ship navigation, and to time scientific operations to ensure the appropriate sea ice and weather conditions prevailed. By presenting the outputs of the system within the context of case studies our results clearly demonstrate the benefits that improved situational awareness brings to ship-based operations in the Arctic Ocean, both today and in the future
University of Utah at Pepperdine University; Feb. 16, 2024
No full textBaseball game statistics; game bookAttendance: 270; Head Coach Gary HendersonBaseballPepperdine 1; Utah 02024 Utah Baseball Utah at Pepperdine Feb 16, 2024 at Malibu, Calif. (Eddy D. Field) Utah 0 (0-1) Pepperdine 1 (1-1) Player Jackson, Core ss Roberts, Kai cf Quinn, Tyler 3b Clarkson, TJ rf Gurney, Cameron 1b Frei, Landon ph Flaharty, Matt dh Carpenter, Kaden lf Bodily, Karson pr/lf Antillon, Hunter c Webster, Bruer 2b Van Sickle, Bryson p Hostert, Randon p Totals Score by Innings Utah Pepperdine ab r po a lob 4 4 3 2 3 1 2 3 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 h rbi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb so 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 11 0 0 0 0 7 1 1 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 27 0 2 0 3 6 24 10 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 X Player Upstill,Nick lf Rubin,Justin ss Bradshaw,Connor cf Walsh,Connor dh Renck,Brady 3b Pemberton,Luke rf Sheehan,Cole 1b Nunez,Julian 2b Savage,Andrew c Bonn,Nick p Nichols p Totals R 0 1 H 2 7 ab r po a lob 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 h rbi 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb so 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 6 0 3 0 1 1 6 4 6 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 2 3 1 0 1 0 0 32 1 7 1 1 7 27 7 9 E 4 0 E - Jackson, C.; Quinn, T.; Webster, B.; Hostert, R.. DP - PEPP 1. LOB - Utah 5; PEPP 9. 2B - Nunez. 3B Nunez. HBP - Clarkson, TJ; Webster, B.. SH - Upstill. SB - Flaharty, M.; Bradshaw. Utah Van Sickle, Bryson Hostert, Randon ip h r 4.0 4.0 6 1 0 1 er bb so ab 0 1 0 1 bf np Pepperdine ip h r 3 19 19 4 13 15 79 Bonn,Nick Nichols 5.0 4.0 0 2 0 0 50 Win - Gunnar (1-0). Loss - Hostert, R. (0-1). Save - None. WP - Van Sickle. HBP - by Bonn (Clarkson, TJ); by Bonn (Webster, B.). Pitches/strikes: Van Sickle 79/55; Hostert, R. 50/30; Bonn 68/40; Gunnar 61/36. Umpires - HP: Scott Jones 1B: Joseph Finley 3B: Bud Dunklin Start: 1:40 PM Time: 2:30 Attendance: 270 Weather: 62 Degrees er bb 0 0 1 2 so bf np 3 14 17 3 13 15 ab 68 61 2024 Utah Baseball California Baptist vs Utah Feb 17, 2024 at Malibu, CALIF. (Eddy D. Field) California Baptist 4 (1-1) Player Julian Alvarez cf Garret Ostrander 2b Michael Carpentier c Mitch Simon 3b Cole Howarth rf Gunner Antillion ss Josiah Chavez dh Ryan Kim ph/dh Nick Dumesnil lf Shayne Simpson 1b Josiah Bryant ph Jake Skipworth 1b Jacob Wilson p Brandon Downer p Jared Villalobos p Andrew Rudd p Totals Score by Innings California Baptist Utah Utah 9 (1-1) ab r 4 4 5 5 5 3 3 1 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 po a lob 1 0 2 3 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 h rbi 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb so 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 6 1 1 3 0 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 4 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 11 4 3 5 24 7 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 0 2 1 3 1 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 X Player Jackson, Core ss Roberts, Kai cf Clarkson, TJ rf Quinn, Tyler 3b Carpenter, Kaden lf Davinni, Michael dh Bodily, Karson ph/dh Gurney, Cameron 1b Digiorno, Drake ph/1b Antillon, Hunter c Webster, Bruer 2b Jones, Merit p Kuehl, Bransen p Lugo-Canchola, E. p Ashman, Micah p Totals R 4 9 H 11 12 ab r 5 4 5 5 4 3 1 3 0 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 38 po a lob 0 3 2 1 2 1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 h rbi 0 0 0 2 2 2 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 bb so 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 0 0 0 0 0 11 1 5 1 1 0 0 1 5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 6 2 0 0 0 4 1 0 1 0 0 0 2 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 9 12 9 4 6 27 15 11 E 2 0 E - M Simon; G Antillion. DP - Utah 1. LOB - CBU 10; Utah 11. 2B - G Antillion; Roberts, K. 2; Carpenter, K; Davinni, M.. 3B - S Simpson. HR - M Carpentier; Quinn, T.; Carpenter, K. HBP - G Antillion; Carpenter, K; Antillon, H.. SB - J Alvarez; Roberts, K.; Webster, B.. California Baptist Jacob Wilson Brandon Downer Jared Villalobos Andrew Rudd ip h r 2.1 1.1 2.1 2.0 5 2 3 2 5 2 2 0 er bb so ab 2 2 2 0 1 2 0 1 bf np Utah 4 14 16 1 6 8 0 9 10 1 9 10 60 Jones, Merit Kuehl, Bransen Lugo-Canchola, E. Ashman, Micah 26 24 37 ip h r 4.0 3.1 0.2 1.0 6 3 1 1 3 1 0 0 Win - Kuehl, B. (1-0). Loss - J Wilson (0-1). Save - None. WP - A Rudd; Jones, M.. HBP - by Jones, M. (G Antillion); by J Wilson (Carpenter, K); by J Villalobos (Antillon, H.). PB - M Carpentier 2. Pitches/strikes: J Wilson 60/38; B Downer 26/14; J Villalobos 24/17; A Rudd 37/20; Jones, M. 74/45; Kuehl, B. 45/28; LugoCanchola 22/13; Ashman, M. 18/11. Umpires - HP: Joseph Finley 1B: Bud Dunklin 3B: Scott Jones Start: 10 AM Time: 2:52 Attendance: 175 Weather: 53 Degrees Jones, M. faced 1 batter in the 5th. er bb 3 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 so bf np 3 18 20 1 12 13 1 3 4 0 4 4 ab 74 45 22 18 2024 Utah Baseball Utah at Pepperdine Feb 17, 2024 at Malibu, CALIF. (Eddy D. Field) Utah 9 (2-1) Pepperdine 4 (1-2) Player Jackson, Core ss Roberts, Kai cf Clarkson, TJ rf Quinn, Tyler c Carpenter, Kaden lf Duffalo, Dakota lf Davinni, Michael 3b Gurney, Cameron 1b Digiorno, Drake ph Flaharty, Matt pr Thomas, Ethan 1b Bodily, Karson dh Webster, Bruer 2b Porthan, Brett p Riske, Payton p Totals Score by Innings Utah Pepperdine ab r 5 5 5 5 4 1 5 3 0 0 0 2 3 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 38 h rbi bb so 2 1 0 2 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 9 11 7 3 7 po a lob 3 3 3 2 2 1 1 8 0 0 1 0 3 0 0 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 5 1 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 11 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 5 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 3 Player Upstill,Nick lf Rubin,Justin ss Bradshaw,Connor cf Walsh,Connor dh Masino,Charles rf Renck,Brady 3b Pemberton,Luke 1b Sheehan,Cole c Nunez,Julian 2b Boyer,Matthew p MacCallum,Dylan p Grossman,Jacob p Totals R 9 4 H 11 7 ab r 4 3 3 3 4 4 4 3 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 h rbi 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 bb so 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 32 4 7 4 3 2 po a lob 2 1 3 0 2 0 9 7 2 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 27 10 5 E 1 2 E - Jackson, C.; Upstill; Boyer. DP - Utah 1. LOB - Utah 6; PEPP 5. 2B - Jackson, C.; Roberts, K.; Quinn, T.; Carpenter, K; Bodily, K.; Bradshaw; Masino. HR - Jackson, C.. SF - Bodily, K.; Bradshaw. SB - Flaharty, M.; Bodily, K.; Webster, B.. Utah Porthan, Brett Riske, Payton ip h r 7.0 2.0 4 3 1 3 er bb so ab 1 3 1 2 bf np Pepperdine 1 23 25 1 9 11 83 Boyer,Matthew MacCallum,Dylan Grossman,Jacob 36 ip h r 5.0 2.0 2.0 7 2 2 7 1 1 Win - Porthan, B. (1-0). Loss - Boyer (0-1). Save - None. WP - MacCallum; Grossman. PB - Sheehan 2. Pitches/strikes: Porthan, B. 83/57; Riske, P. 36/23; Boyer 76/48; MacCallum 51/26; Grossman 29/20. Umpires - HP: Bud Dunklin 1B: Scott Jones 3B: Joseph Finley Start: 2:05 PM Time: 2:20 Attendance: 370 Weather: 60 Degrees MacCallum faced 2 batters in the 8th. er bb 6 1 1 0 3 0 so bf np 2 22 23 2 8 11 3 8 8 ab 76 51 29 2024 Utah Baseball Utah at California Baptist Feb 18, 2024 at Riverside, CA (Totman Stadium) Utah 7 (3-1) California Baptist 1 (1-2) Player Jackson, Core ss Roberts, Kai cf Quinn, Tyler 3b Clarkson, TJ rf Davinni, Michael dh Digiorno, Drake 2b Carpenter, Kaden lf Duffalo, Dakota ph/lf Thomas, Ethan 1b Bodily, Karson pr Gurney, Cameron 1b Frei, Landon ph/1b Antillon, Hunter c Harris, Jaden p Elder, Jackson p McAnelly, Colter p Ashman, Micah p Totals Score by Innings Utah California Baptist ab r 4 3 5 3 3 3 3 1 1 0 1 1 3 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 h rbi 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb so 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 7 7 5 4 5 po a lob 0 3 0 0 0 3 0 1 4 0 4 3 9 0 0 0 0 6 0 2 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 11 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 Player Garret Ostrander 2b Matt Chavez 2b Michael Carpentier c Josiah Bryant c Mitch Simon 3b/ss Cole Howarth rf Gunner Antillion ss/3b Jake Brown lf Ryan Kim dh Nick Dumesnil cf Jake Skipworth 1b Cody New p Luis Becerra p Ryan Hernandez p Ryne Palmer p Totals R 7 1 H 7 4 ab r po a lob 4 0 3 0 4 4 4 3 4 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 h rbi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb so 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 4 1 3 4 0 4 6 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 1 4 1 3 9 27 7 6 E 1 1 E - Quinn, T.; G Antillion. DP - Utah 2; CBU 3. LOB - Utah 6; CBU 6. HR - Clarkson, TJ; J Brown. HBP - Jackson, C.; Roberts, K. 2; Clarkson, TJ; Thomas, E.; J Brown. SB - Jackson, C.; Roberts, K.; Clarkson, TJ; Antillon, H.. CS - Digiorno, D.. Utah Harris, Jaden Elder, Jackson McAnelly, Colter Ashman, Micah ip h r 4.1 2.2 1.2 0.1 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 er bb so ab 0 1 0 0 2 0 1 0 bf np California Baptist 7 14 17 2 9 9 0 6 7 0 1 1 75 Cody New Luis Becerra Ryan Hernandez Ryne Palmer 26 15 6 ip h r 2.0 2.1 3.2 1.0 2 2 3 0 3 4 0 0 Win - Elder, J. (1-0). Loss - C New (0-1). Save - None. WP - Harris, J.. HBP - by C New (Roberts, K.); by C New (Thomas, E.); by C New (Roberts, K.); by C New (Clarkson, TJ); by L Becerra (Jackson, C.); by Harris, J. (J Brown). PB - M Carpentier 2. Pitches/strikes: Harris, J. 75/43; Elder, J. 26/18; McAnelly, C. 15/9; Ashman, M. 6/4; C New 46/23; L Becerra 47/28; R Hernandez 56/40; R Palmer 10/6. Umpires Start: 12:00 PM Time: 2:42 Attendance: 827 Weather: Cloudy C New faced 3 batters in the 3rd. er bb 3 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 so bf np 1 7 13 3 9 12 1 12 12 0 3 3 ab 46 47 56 10 2024 Utah Baseball Utah at UC San Diego Feb 23, 2024 at La Jolla,Calif. (Triton Ballpark) Utah 4 (4-1) UC San Diego 3 (3-2) Player Jackson, Core ss Roberts, Kai cf Clarkson, TJ rf Quinn, Tyler c Gurney, Cameron 1b Davinni, Michael 3b Carpenter, Kaden dh Frei, Landon ph/dh Bodily, Karson lf Duffalo, Dakota ph/lf Webster, Bruer 2b Jones, Merit p Hostert, Randon p Lugo-Canchola, E. p McAnelly, Colter p Ashman, Micah p Totals Score by Innings Utah UC San Diego ab r po a lob 5 4 5 3 4 4 1 3 2 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 h rbi 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb so 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 10 11 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 37 4 6 2 4 7 33 13 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 Player Costello, Nick rf Halbach, Matt 3b Rosengard, Benjamin 2b Kane, Doyle 1b Hackworth, Patrick dh Preap, Bradlee ph Gonzalez, Emiliano c Kleszcz, Brock lf Crossland, Michael cf Sudyka, Noah ss Lanier, Delshaun ph Forcucci, Ryan p Martinez, Izaak p Rissas, Ryan p Totals 10 11 0 0 1 0 R 4 3 H 6 7 ab r 4 4 5 4 3 1 4 5 4 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 h rbi 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb so 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 37 3 7 3 4 10 3 1 1 1 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 po a lob 1 0 1 14 0 0 7 1 4 5 0 0 0 0 0 2 5 1 0 0 2 0 0 5 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 4 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 33 17 10 E 1 3 E - Davinni, M.(1); Halbach, M. 2(3); Forcucci, R.(1). DP - UCSD 1. LOB - UTAH 6; UCSD 10. 2B - Jackson, C.(2); Halbach, M.(2); Rosengard, B(1); Crossland, M(2). HBP - Costello, N.. SH - Gurney, C.(1); Hackworth, P; Sudyka, N. 2(2). SF - Quinn, T.(1); Gonzalez, E.(2). SB - Roberts, K.(3); Webster, B.(3); Costello, N.(2). CS Roberts, K.(1). Utah Jones, Merit Hostert, Randon Lugo-Canchola, E. McAnelly, Colter Ashman, Micah ip h r 4.2 4.0 0.2 0.2 1.0 4 2 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 er bb so ab 2 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 bf np UC San Diego 5 17 21 3 12 17 1 3 3 0 2 2 1 3 3 83 Forcucci, Ryan Martinez, Izaak Rissas, Ryan 51 11 12 10 Win - McAnelly, C. (1-0). Loss - Rissas, R. (1-1). Save - Ashman, M. (1). HBP - by Jones, M. (Costello, N.). Pitches/strikes: Jones, M. 83/51; Hostert, R. 51/33; LugoCanchola 11/7; McAnelly, C. 12/6; Ashman, M. 10/6; Forcucci, R. 76/49; Martinez, I. 93/61; Rissas, R. 20/11. Umpires - HP: Randy Sutton 1B: Mike Lusky 2B: Angel Campos 3B: Alex Ortiz Start: 6:05 pm Time: 3:20 Attendance: 452 Weather: Sunny and clear, 64 ip h r 4.0 6.0 1.0 4 2 0 3 0 1 er bb 1 0 0 2 1 1 so bf np 3 15 18 4 19 20 0 3 5 ab 76 93 20 2024 Utah Baseball Loyola Marymount vs Utah Feb 24, 2024 at San Diego, Calif. (Tony Gwynn Stadium) Loyola Marymount 5 (4-2) Player Khadim Diaw rf Sam Biller cf Daalen Adderley lf Robbie Ayers c Joe Reid dh Connor Blough pr/dh Brendan Bobo 1b Benny Casillas ss Trey Becker 3b Christian Dicochea 2b Ryan Towers p Cole Stucky p Cole Chimenti p Austin Schroeder p Seamus Barrett p Jake Geis p Ryan Mullan p Totals Score by Innings Loyola Marymount Utah Utah 9 (5-1) ab r 4 4 4 4 2 1 3 3 3 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 h rbi 0 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb so 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 31 5 6 5 2 10 1 1 1 0 2 0 2 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 po a lob 2 4 2 3 0 0 11 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 2 3 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 14 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 6 0 1 0 X Player Jackson, Core ss Roberts, Kai cf Quinn, Tyler c Clarkson, TJ rf Davinni, Michael 3b Digiorno, Drake 1b/2b Carpenter, Kaden lf McAnelly, Colter dh Bodily, Karson ph/dh Webster, Bruer 2b Gurney, Cameron ph/1b Van Sickle, Bryson p Kuehl, Bransen p Riske, Payton p Ashman, Micah p Totals R 5 9 H 6 13 ab r 3 5 4 3 4 4 4 2 2 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 35 po a lob 1 2 1 1 2 2 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 h rbi 0 1 0 0 2 3 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb so 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 3 9 3 0 6 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 9 13 8 3 4 27 9 7 E 1 1 E - D. Adderley(1); Digiorno, D.(1). DP - Utah 1. LOB - LMU 5; Utah 7. 2B - McAnelly, C.(1). HR - S. Biller(4); R. Ayers(1); Roberts, K.(1); Digiorno, D.(1); Bodily, K.(1). HBP - K. Diaw; B. Bobo; Jackson, C.; Clarkson, TJ. SF - B. Casillas(1); T. Becker(1). SB - S. Biller(1); B. Bobo(4); Jackson, C.(2); Digiorno, D.(1). CS - K. Diaw(1); Jackson, C.(1); Webster, B.(1). Loyola Marymount ip h r Ryan Towers Cole Stucky Cole Chimenti Austin Schroeder Seamus Barrett Jake Geis Ryan Mullan 4.1 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.2 6 0 1 2 2 2 0 2 0 0 3 2 2 0 er bb so ab 2 0 0 3 2 2 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 bf np Utah 1 18 19 0 2 4 0 4 4 1 3 4 1 3 3 0 3 4 1 2 2 76 Van Sickle, Bryson Kuehl, Bransen Riske, Payton Ashman, Micah 10 14 20 ip h r 5.0 1.0 2.0 1.0 4 1 1 0 3 2 0 0 8 19 11 Win - Riske, P. (1-0). Loss - S. Barrett (0-1). Save - None. WP - R. Towers(1). HBP - by R. Towers (Jackson, C.); by Van Sickle (K. Diaw); by C. Stucky (Clarkson, TJ); by Kuehl, B. (B. Bobo). Pitches/strikes: R. Towers 76/54; C. Stucky 10/6; C. Chimenti 14/10; A. Schroeder 20/10; S. Barrett 8/6; J. Geis 19/9; R. Mullan 11/7; Van Sickle 76/51; Kuehl, B. 17/9; Riske, P. 33/21; Ashman, M. 18/13. Umpires - HP: Ruben Candelaria 1B: Jeffrey Macias 2B: Adam Rogers 3B: Tyler Schmidt Start: 2:07 pm Time: 2:56 Attendance: 223 Weather: High clouds, 72 F, wind SW 7 er bb 3 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 so bf np 4 20 21 0 2 6 3 6 6 3 3 4 ab 76 17 33 18 2024 Utah Baseball Cal St. Bakersfield vs Utah Feb 25, 2024 at La Jolla, Calif. (Triton Ballpark) Cal St. Bakersfield 5 (0-8) Player Shields rf Gutierrez ph Stancato cf/p Villegas p Reynolds p Perryman p Alvarez dh BujandaMcCon cf Kurata c Palmeira 1b Watson lf Leon 3b Pollard cf Hendriks ph/rf Salas 2b Pelayo ss O\u27Connor p McDonnell p Totals Score by Innings Cal St. Bakersfield Utah Utah 6 (6-1) ab r po a lob 3 1 0 1 0 0 3 1 4 4 4 5 2 3 4 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 2 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 h rbi 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb so 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 11 10 1 1 0 0 1 4 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 3 3 3 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 39 5 8 5 3 5 30 12 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 Player Jackson, Core ss Roberts, Kai cf Quinn, Tyler c Clarkson, TJ rf Duffalo, Dakota rf Davinni, Michael 3b Bodily, Karson lf Digiorno, Drake 1b Carpenter, Kaden dh Antillon, Hunter ph Gurney, Cameron ph/dh Webster, Bruer 2b Porthan, Brett p Elder, Jackson p Ashman, Micah p McAnelly, Colter p Totals 10 11 0 0 1 2 R 5 6 H 8 9 ab r 5 5 5 3 0 4 3 4 2 1 1 4 0 0 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 h rbi 0 0 2 0 1 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb so 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 37 6 9 6 9 11 1 3 1 0 0 1 1 1 2 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 po a lob 0 2 5 1 0 1 2 15 0 0 0 3 2 0 0 2 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 8 0 0 0 2 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 2 0 1 0 4 0 0 0 0 33 16 14 E 1 0 Note: None out, 3 runners LOB when the game ended. E - Kurata(1). LOB - CSUB 5; UTAH 14. 2B - Palmeira(1); Quinn, T.(2); Bodily, K.(2). HR - Watson(1); Digiorno, D.(1). HBP - Davinni, M.; Digiorno, D.. SH - Palmeira(1); Bodily, K.(1); Webster, B.(1). SB - Hendriks(1); Jackson, C. 2(3); Roberts, K. 2(5); Bodily, K.(2). CS - BujandaMcCon(1). Cal St. Bakersfield O\u27Connor McDonnell Stancato Villegas Reynolds Perryman ip h r 7.0 0.1 0.2 2.0 0.0 0.0 7 0 0 1 0 1 4 0 0 1 1 0 er bb so ab 4 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 4 2 1 bf np Utah 8 27 29 0 1 3 0 2 2 3 6 12 0 0 2 0 1 2 98 Porthan, Brett Elder, Jackson Ashman, Micah McAnelly, Colter 11 9 51 ip h r 8.0 0.0 1.0 2.0 3 0 2 3 2 2 0 1 10 7 Win - McAnelly, C. (2-0). Loss - Perryman (0-2). Save - None. HBP - by McDonnell (Davinni, M.); by Villegas (Digiorno, D.). Pitches/strikes: O\u27Connor 98/68; McDonnell 11/3; Stancato 9/5; Villegas 51/27; Reynolds 10/3; Perryman 7/2; Porthan, B. 102/69; Elder, J. 9/1; Ashman, M. 15/10; McAnelly, C. 28/20. Umpires - HP: Randy Sutton 1B: Mike Lusky 2B: Angel Campos 3B: Alex Ortiz Start: 12:00 pm Time: 3:20 Attendance: 352 Weather: 63 degrees, cloudy Elder, J. faced 2 batters in the 9th. er bb 2 2 0 1 1 2 0 0 so bf np 4 27 28 0 0 2 0 4 5 1 8 8 ab 102 9 15 28 2024 Utah Baseball Utah at San Diego State Feb 25, 2024 at San Diego, Calif. (Tony Gwynn Stadium) Utah 11 (7-1) San Diego State 5 (3-4) Player Jackson, Core ss Roberts, Kai cf Clarkson, TJ rf Quinn, Tyler c Davinni, Michael 3b Bodily, Karson lf Digiorno, Drake 1b Carpenter, Kaden dh Flaharty, Matt 2b Frei, Landon ph Webster, Bruer 2b Harris, Jaden p Elder, Jackson p Nielson, Cameron p Lugo-Canchola, E. p Totals Score by Innings Utah San Diego State ab r po a lob 3 5 4 3 5 5 4 3 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 2 1 2 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 1 1 2 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 h rbi 2 1 2 1 3 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb so 2 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 3 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 1 2 11 0 0 8 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 34 11 8 9 5 9 27 12 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 0 0 0 3 5 0 0 0 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 1 0 Player BATES, Finley 2b MONTOYA, Shaun rf JACKSON, Jake lf RUTTER, Drew dh KAHLER, Sammy ph WEEMS, Irvin cf TURNER, Colby 3b LAVOIE, Brady 1b WHITTLE, David c GONZALEZ, Xavier ss CHAPMAN, Manoah ph CARDENAS, Xavier p RUSSELL, Aidan p RUMARY, Garvey p Totals R 11 5 H 8 7 ab r 4 4 4 3 0 2 4 4 4 3 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 h rbi 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb so 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 32 5 7 5 6 10 0 0 2 1 0 1 0 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 po a lob 2 0 0 0 0 4 1 10 8 2 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 0 2 1 2 4 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 0 0 0 27 14 6 E 1 3 E - Flaharty, M.(1); WHITTLE, D.; GONZALEZ, X.(1); RUSSELL, A.(1). DP - UTAH 2; SDSU 1. LOB - UTAH 4; SDSU 6. 2B - Quinn, T.(3); MONTOYA, S.(2); TURNER, C.(2). 3B - Roberts, K.(1); Clarkson, TJ(1); Carpenter, K(1); WEEMS, I.(1). HBP - Clarkson, TJ; Flaharty, M.. SH - Flaharty, M.(1). CS - Quinn, T.(1); WEEMS, I.(1). Utah Harris, Jaden Elder, Jackson Nielson, Cameron Lugo-Canchola, E. ip h r 3.0 2.1 0.2 3.0 6 1 0 0 5 0 0 0 er bb so ab 5 0 0 0 3 1 0 2 bf np San Diego State 2 14 17 4 7 8 1 3 3 3 8 10 58 CARDENAS, Xavier RUSSELL, Aidan RUMARY, Garvey 37 12 ip h r 5.0 1.2 2.1 2 3 3 5 5 1 44 Win - Nielson, C. (1-0). Loss - RUSSELL, A. (0-1). Save - None. WP - LugoCanchola(1); CARDENAS, X.(2). HBP - by CARDENAS, X. (Flaharty, M.); by CARDENAS, X. (Clarkson, TJ). Pitches/strikes: Harris, J. 58/33; Elder, J. 37/24; Nielson, C. 12/7; LugoCanchola 44/24; CARDENAS, X. 85/48; RUSSELL, A. 27/18; RUMARY, G. 33/24. Umpires - HP: Neil Turner 1B: Roger Rangel 2B: Joseph Finley 3B: Scott Jones Start: 6:04 pm Time: 2:55 Attendance: 956 Weather: Cloudy, 61 F, wind W 5 mph Nielson, C. faced 1 batter in the 7th. er bb 4 3 1 4 1 0 so bf np 6 16 22 0 8 10 3 10 10 ab 85 27 33 2024 Utah Baseball Utah at Cal Poly Mar 02, 2024 at San Luis Obispo, CA (Baggett Stadium) Utah 12 (8-1) Cal Poly 2 (2-6) Player Jackson, Core ss Flaharty, Matt ss Roberts, Kai cf Quinn, Tyler 3b Clarkson, TJ rf Davinni, Michael dh Digiorno, Drake 1b Gurney, Cameron ph/1b Duffalo, Dakota lf Webster, Bruer 2b Antillon, Hunter c Jones, Merit p Hostert, Randon p Wall, Carter p Totals Score by Innings Utah Cal Poly ab r 3 0 3 5 5 4 5 1 3 2 3 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 1 2 1 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 h rbi po a lob 3 0 3 0 0 1 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 2 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 2 1 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 0 0 1 0 4 0 1 5 14 0 0 0 4 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 34 12 11 11 7 9 27 8 12 2 0 1 1 1 1 3 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 bb so 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 1 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 1 3 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 Player Steels, Jake cf King, Wyatt cf Stafford, Ryan c Higuchi, Mack c Fenn, Ryan 2b Brown, Kemet 2b Yorke, Joe 1b Casillas, Aaron ss Garza, Alejandro ph/3b Cloyd, Evan dh Shimao, Tate ph/dh Kordic, Dylan lf Murray, Casey rf MacDonald, Liam 3b Hoiland, Cam ph Daudet, Zach 3b/ss Wright, Jakob p Torres, Jaccob p Pearlman, Caden p Montgomery, Paul p Rodriguez, Freddy p Larkin, Noah p Marmie, Ethan p Totals R 12 2 H 11 8 ab r 2 1 4 1 4 0 2 3 1 3 1 4 4 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 h rbi 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bb so 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 33 2 8 2 2 13 2 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 2 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 po a lob 2 0 8 1 2 0 7 1 0 0 0 3 0 1 0 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 3 0 0 3 2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 4 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 27 11 9 E 0
Reproductive success in Antarctic marine invertebrates
No full textThe nearshore Antarctic marine environment is unique, characterised by low but constant temperatures that contrast with an intense peak in productivity. As a result of this stenothermal environment, energy input has a profound ecological effect. These conditions have developed over several millions of years and have resulted in an animal physiology that is highly stenothermal and sometimes closely coupled with the seasonal food supply, e.g. reproductive periodicity and food storage. Therefore, Antarctic marine animals are likely to be amongst the most vulnerable species worldwide to environmental modifications and can be regarded as highly sensitive barometers for change. Reproductive success is a vital characteristic in species survival and evaluation of change in reproductive condition with time key to identifying vulnerable taxa. Characterising reproductive success with time is a major requirement in predicting species response to change and the early stages of species loss.Some invertebrates are highly abundant in shallow water sites around the Antarctic and form conspicuous members of the Antarctic benthos. Three common echinoderms and one nemertean were sampled from sites adjacent to the British Antarctic Survey’s Rothera Research Station, Adelaide Island, on the West Antarctic Peninsula between 1997-2001. Reproductive patterns were determined by histological analyses of gonad tissue.This study provided further evidence for inter-annual variation in Antarctic gametogenic development, which appeared to be driven to some extent by trophic position and reliance on the seasonal phytoplankton bloom. The largest variation in reproductive condition was demonstrated for the detritivorous brittle star, Ophionotus victoriae. The seasonal tempos of this echinoderm have been attributed in part, to the seasonal sedimentation events common in the high Antarctic. The reproductive patterns in the scavenging starfish, Odontaster validus and the predatory nemertean, Parborlasia corrugatus showed less inter-annual variation. The de-coupling of these invertebrates from the intensely seasonal phytoplankton bloom appeared to partially account for the reproductive trends observed. The lack of inter-annual variation in the reproduction of the filter-feeding sea-cucumber, Heterocucumis steineni, was somewhat counterintuitive, although problems with sample processing probably accounted for the majority of this anomaly.Echinoderms were also collected during the Antarctic summer field seasons in 2003 and 2004. A series of fertilisation success studies were undertaken comparing the adaptations in an Antarctic and an equivalent temperate starfish to achieve optimal numbers of fertilised eggs, and elemental analyses were used to estimate the nutritional and energetic condition of the bodily and reproductive tissues in two Antarctic echinoderms.Fertilisation studies indicated that Antarctic invertebrates require 1-2 orders of magnitude more sperm to ensure optimal fertilisation success. These sperm tended to be long-lived and capable of fertilising eggs 24+ hours after release. The study suggested that synchronous spawning, aggregations and specific pre-spawning behaviour are employed to help counter the deleterious effects of sperm limitation. The Antarctic eggs and sperm were also highly sensitive to even small modifications in temperature and salinity, affecting the number of eggs fertilised. Such stenothermy is of particular relevance if the 1-2ºC rise in global temperature, predicted over the next century, is realised.Biochemical composition of body components of two species of Antarctic echinoderm indicated a significant difference in the composition between the male and female gonad, particularly in the Antarctic brittle star Ophionotus victoriae. The ovaries contained a much larger proportion of lipid compared to the testes, and demonstrated a distinct seasonality in composition. Higher levels of lipid were observed in the ovary during the austral winter coincident with a period of reproductive investment and maturing oocytes in the gonad. O. victoriae exhibited lower amounts of lipid in the late austral spring suggesting the removal of mature oocytes from the ovary through spawning. The seasonality in composition and the high levels of lipid and protein measured in the ophiuroid gut tissue, suggested the gut might play a role in providing material and energy for metabolic function and possibly gametogenesis; higher lipid levels were apparent during the period of seasonal phytodetrital flux. The role of the pyloric ceaca in asteroids as a nutrient storage organ was also evident in the high levels of both protein and lipid observed in this bodily component in the star fish, Odontaster validus
