152 research outputs found
Codling Reads Poetry
No full textMississippi author Howard Bahr and Starkville\u27s own nationally-renowned Nash Street were guests of MSU Libraries on Tuesday, April 29th for an evening of fellowship, food, and fun. Nash Street opened the evening with a set of acoustic bluegrass music; Dr. Noel Polk of MSU\u27s Department of English recognized the 2008 Cotton District Literary Festival Poetry Competition Winners; MSU\u27s Chef David French provided desserts and coffee; and Howard Bahr spoke about his novels of the South. guests visited with Bahr and the band during and after the program, and the author and musicians sold and autographed copies of their books and music. Poetry Competition Winners and their works for 2008 were: Mattie Codling - The Ivy Leaf ; Charlie Anderton - Lovesong to John Prufrock ; Rylee Tomlinson - Barcelon
New, Improved Codling Moth Lures Available
No full textNew lures that entice codling moths with the scent of food and a possible mate are available for use in monitoring this orchard pest and controlling it with carefully timed applications of insecticide. The research related to the development and use of the lures involved scientists Alan Knight and Peter Landolt at the Agricultural Research Service’s Yakima Agricultural Research Laboratory in Wapato, Washington, and Douglas Light at the ARS Western Regional Research Center in Albany, California.
As larvae, codling moths are major pests of apples, pears, and walnuts. Historically, growers have sprayed their orchards with insecticide to prevent the pinkish-white, 3/4-inch-long larvae from holing up inside the fruit to feed, damaging it and ruining its marketability—both domestically and abroad.
Lures baited with synthetic versions of the adult female moth’s chemical sex attractant, or sex pheromone, have helped growers refine their timing of insecticide and reduce the amount applied. As part of research to improve the technology further, a team of ARS and collaborating scientists has identified and synthesized new compounds to add with the sex pheromone. Among these are pear ester and acetic acid.
Pear ester is the characteristic aroma of ripe pears and acetic acid is what makes vinegar tangy.
Pear ester alone is a potent attractant for both sexes of codling moth. Adding acetic acid significantly increases the number caught. But the most powerful lure resulted from combining pear ester, sex pheromone, and acetic acid, the researchers found. Indeed, studies indicate that the combined lure can capture 8 to 10 times more female moths than the pear ester-pheromone combination alone can. Using lure-based monitoring tools, the researchers developed action thresholds (based on both female and total moth catches) for growers that have enabled insecticide reductions of 30 to 70 percent
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ENTOMOPATHOGENS FOR CODLING MOTH CONTROL THEORY AND DATA
No full textThe evolution of insecticide resistance in pest species is a major concern in many agricultural systems. Rotation of control measures is typically used to slow the spread of resistance. Modern molecular techniques have improved our ability to identify pathogens to be used as biopesticides, providing good control methods to rotate with traditional insecticides, given the typically different modes of action. Furthermore, entomopathogens can be applied similarly to traditional insecticides from similar equipment. Granulovirus is widely used as a biopesticide to control codling moths, the key apple pest, but there are widespread resistance concerns. Entomopathogenic nematodes are also used on codling moths with mixed success. The virus and nematodes target codling moth larvae and pupae, respectively, and I hypothesized that virus exposure in the host would improve nematode attack success, by weakening immune function. I evaluated a novel application of the virus to last instar larvae, and emulated an application of nematodes to tree bark (in the absence of soil), which is suggested on product labels, but with limited research. I observed little impacts of either pathogen on codling moth survival. Therefore, the direct spray method of nematode application to tree trunks at current rates is likely not effective for control. In addition to my experimental evaluation of biopesticides, I used mathematical models to develop theory for biopesticide resistance mitigation programs, where the pathogens evolving alongside pests may offer improved control of resistant pests. Here, I considered two scenarios of biopesticide evolution: one where a parasite must kill the host for transmission to occur, and an epidemiological scenario where pathogen transmission between living hosts and virulence are each governed by host and pathogen traits. In the resource-consumer case, biopesticide evolution can improve control. However, in the epidemiological case, the type of host mutation (tolerant/reduced virulence vs resistant/reduced transmission) affects whether biopesticide evolution can improve control. Resistant hosts decrease pathogen population, so pathogen evolution should combat resistance, but tolerant hosts increase pathogen population without pathogen selection pressure to increase virulence. I discuss the application of this theory for developing biopesticide resistance management programs to improve the sustainability of agricultural practices
Codling Moth
No full textNYS IPM Type: Fruits IPM Fact SheetThe codling moth (CM) is a pest introduced from Eurasia. The larvae feed on the fruit of a wide range of host plants including apple, pear, quince, hawthorne, crabapple, and walnut. CM completes 1.5-3.5 generations annually, depending on locality and length of growing season. It is the major fruit-feeding pest in fruit growing regions of the western United States. It is also a significant pest in the East, but has generally been managed by sprays used to control plum curculio and apple maggot. However, with the advent of trapping-based sprays for apple maggot, and a potential decrease in cover sprays, growers may begin to see more CM damage
Operational Parameters for the Aerial Release of Sterile Codling Moths Using an Uncrewed Aircraft System
No full textThe codling moth is a serious pest of apples in most regions of the world where this fruit is produced. The sterile insect technique is one strategy used to control this pest and is employed as part of an area-wide integrated pest management program for the codling moth in British Columbia, Canada. Modified fixed wing aircraft are the most common method for the release of sterile insects in large area-wide pest management programs. However, aerial release with a full-size aircraft can be prohibitively expensive. We evaluated the use of small, uncrewed aircraft systems (UASs) for the release of sterile codling moths. Sterile codling moths released from greater altitudes were more broadly distributed and drifted more in strong winds, compared to those released from lower altitudes. Most of the released insects were recaptured in a 50 m wide swath under the release route. Recapture rates for aerially released insects were 40–70% higher compared to those released from the ground. UASs provide a promising alternative to ground release and conventional aircraft for the release of sterile codling moths.Applied Science, Faculty ofNon UBCEngineering, School of (Okanagan)ReviewedFacultyResearche
Prospects of Codling Moth Management on Apples with Botanical Antifeedants and Repellents
No full textThe codling moth, Cydia pomonella L. (Tortricidae), is a major pest of apples, potentially causing annual losses exceeding USD62 billion globally. Growers have limited options for combatting the codling moth. Sprays with azinphos-methyl have been banned in the European Union, Turkey, and the USA. To be effective, Bacillus thuringiensis or Carpocapsa pomonella must be ingested in large quantities, and the fruit is damaged before the larvae die. Mating disruption or an attract-and-kill strategy does not resolve problems caused by the migration of moths from adjacent areas or insecticide resistance. Discouraging neonates from burrowing into the fruit with feeding deterrents or repellents of plant origin may become a new strategy. This paper presents a list of twenty-three plants and six secondary metabolites preventing apple infestation by codling moth neonates. Some of these plant extracts or oils (Alium sativum, Tanacetum vulgare, Atremisia arborescens, Ginkgo biloba) showed deterrence exceeding 95% in comparison to controls. The prospects of codling moth control with botanicals are discussed, and further studies on these substances are suggested. In conclusion, the author states that twenty-nine plant-originated materials have great potential in organic apple protection. Future studies should concentrate on formulating these botanicals and identifying their molecular targets
Polypharmacy in people with dementia: Associations with adverse health outcomes
No full textPolypharmacy has been linked to higher risks of hospitalisation and death in community samples. It is commonly present in people with dementia but these risks have rarely been studied in this population. We aimed investigate associations between polypharmacy and emergency department attendance, any and unplanned hospitalisation, and mortality in patients with dementia. Using a large mental health care database in South London, linked to hospitalisation and mortality data, we assembled a retrospective cohort of patients diagnosed with dementia. We ascertained number of medications prescribed at the time of dementia diagnosis and conducted a multivariate Cox regression analyses. Of 4668 patients with dementia identified, 1128 (24.2%) were prescribed 4-6 medications and 739 (15.8%) ≥7 medications. Compared to those using 0-3 medications, patients with dementia using 4-6 or ≥7 agents had an increased risk of emergency department attendance (hazard ratio 1.20/1.35), hospitalisation (hazard ratio 1.12/1.32), unplanned hospital admission (hazard ratio 1.12/1.25), and death within two years (hazard ratio 1.29/1.39) after controlling for potential confounders. We found evidence of a dose response relationship with each additional drug at baseline increasing the risk of emergency department attendance and mortality by 5% and hospitalisation by 3%. In conclusion, polypharmacy at dementia diagnosis is associated with a higher risk of adverse health outcomes. Future research is required to elucidate which specific agents underlie this relationship and if reduction of inappropriate prescribing is effective in preventing adverse health outcomes in dementia
Sex linkage of CpGV resistance in an heterogeneous field strain of the codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.)
No full textThe occurrence of codling moth populations in European apple orchards that were not controlled by Cydia pomonella granulovirus (CpGV) is the first reported case of field resistance against a baculovirus control agent. A monogenic dominant sex-linked mode of inheritance was previously demonstated in single pair crosses between a homogeneous resistant (CpRR1) and a susceptible (CpS) laboratory strain of codling moth. However, resistant field populations (CpR) are more heterogeneous in their levels of resistance, and the possibility that they could harbor different genes to CpRR1 had not been directly addressed. Here we report single pair crossing experiments using a resistant codling moth strain collected from am apple orchard in the southwest of Germany. Single-pair crosses within the field strain revealed a genetic basis to the heterogeneity of CpR concerning CpGV resistance. Hybrid crosses to a susceptible laboratory strain and backcrosses of the F1 generation to the resistant CpR strain confirmed that the homogeneous CpRR1 and the heterogeneous field strain CpR share the same mode of inheritance. Thus the variable levels of CpGV resistance in field populations is likely due to frequency differences of the same resistance-conferring gene, rather than different genes, which will facilitate future efforts to monitor and manage resistance
Dessert Theatre 2008
No full text(l to r) Noel Polk, Rylee Tomlinson, Charlie Anderton, Mattie Codling, and Howard Bahr Mississippi author Howard Bahr and Starkville\u27s own nationally-renowned Nash Street were guests of MSU Libraries on Tuesday, April 29th for an evening of fellowship, food, and fun. Nash Street opened the evening with a set of acoustic bluegrass music; Dr. Noel Polk of MSU\u27s Department of English recognized the 2008 Cotton District Literary Festival Poetry Competition Winners; MSU\u27s Chef David French provided desserts and coffee; and Howard Bahr spoke about his novels of the South. guests visited with Bahr and the band during and after the program, and the author and musicians sold and autographed copies of their books and music. Poetry Competition Winners and their works for 2008 were: Mattie Codling - The Ivy Leaf ; Charlie Anderton - Lovesong to John Prufrock ; Rylee Tomlinson - Barcelon
Constructing a Stochastic Model of Bumblebee Flights from Experimental Data
No full textPMCID: PMC3592844This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
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