1,107 research outputs found
Modern Arabic literary biography : a study of character portrayal in the works of Egyptian biographers of the first half of the twentieth century, with special reference to literary biography
Get PDFIn Chapter one, I presented a comparative definition of the meaning of Sirah (PI.Siyar), Tarjamah (Pl. Tarajim), Manaqib, Tabaqat and Maghazi as they were understood in antiquity. I also showed how the meaning of Sirah in modern times has only narrowly developed. Although the method of biographical writing continuously developed in Europe, it hardly progressed in Modem Arabic Literature. The only exception was seen in the writings by the pioneers of enlightenment in Egypt at the beginning of the twentieth century. This change of direction relied on borrowing European methodology in biographical writing.
In chapter two, I reviewed the early attempts at writing biographies in the nineteenth century by Abd al Rahman al- Jabarti and Ali Mubarak. Although both were the first
pioneers in this respect, yet they followed the footpath of classical approach above all that of al-Maqarizi from whom -Ali Mubarak derived inspiration in his book Al-Khitat al-Tawfiqiyyah.
In chapter three, I studied the twentieth century, starting with traditional biography writers who could not employ European methodologies and whose writings oscillated between biographical notes and biographical sketches; or whose texts were more of a literary study than a biography proper.
In chapters four to nine, I selected the most renowned, productive writers who best represented methodologies of biography writing. Perhaps certain writers have not
been mentioned in this period of study. This is not out of negligence but simply because their texts were totally out of reach, or their writings did not exhibit the
required literary criteria.
All methodologies representing the theory of biography writing in Egypt have been analysed in these chapters. All, in fact, form a digestion or assimilation of French,English and German schools. In Egypt, Taha Husayn is considered the chairman of the French school, al-Mazini and al-Aqqad of the English/German schools, al-Nuwaihi of the psychoanalytical/anatomical school and Sidqi who employed both. By contrast, al Iryan was the trailblazer of the distinguished biographical novel.
In these chapters, I tried to lay out the general outlines these writers have produced in the production of biographical texts, and how these attempts were a successful step on the road of presenting literary biographies characterized by high world standards.
Chapter ten may well seem traditional, but it is important to give a comparative outlook on the views of biography writers themselves when they study and analyse
the same character.
Among the characters studied ,I selected Bashsliar, Abu Nuwas, Ibn al-Run-i, al-Mutanabbi and al-Maarri. These are outstanding landmarks in the history of Arab verse and the subject of a multitude of studies as well. Modern biographers took these figures as a test field for the deployment and employment of biographical methodologies. I selected these examples to provide comparisons and explain how far these biographies were successful in producing a biography or a profile of those classical poets.
The conclusion and the bibliographical list arrived at the end of research.
I wish, however, to clarify one important point here. It seems that I could not fix the year 1950 as the temporal parameter of my research but took some textswhich were
published shortly beyond that point. The reason for this obvious extension was either to give additional useful details or simply because chapters of such texts had already
been published prior to that year and were known to the readership.
At times I would satisfy myself with analysing the part rather than the whole. This again was meant to eschew repetition or was due to the fact that the book in question
was not available
EBOV/Mak-C05 Surface Persistence in Simulated Vomit at Three Different Environments.
No full textThe surface-specific decrease in EBOV/Mak-C05 viability in simulated vomit was measured at (A) 22°C/17% RH (stainless steel and polypropylene only), (B) 22°C/41% RH, or (C) 28°C/90% RH. The microtitration assay limit of detection (0.7 Log TCID50/mL) is indicated by a gray bar at the bottom of each graph.</p
EBOV/Mak-C05 Surface Persistence in Blood at Three Different Environments.
No full textThe surface-specific decrease in EBOV/Mak-C05 viability in human whole blood was measured at (A) 22°C/17% RH (stainless steel and polypropylene only), (B) 22°C/41% RH, or (C-D) 28°C/90% RH. The microtitration assay limit of detection (0.7 Log TCID50/mL) is indicated by a gray bar at the bottom of each graph. The graphs in panels C-D are derived from two separate studies, as described in the methods section.</p
EBOV/Mak-C05 Surface Persistence in Cell Culture Media at Three Different Environments.
No full textThe surface-specific decrease in EBOV/Mak-C05 viability in cell culture media was measured at (A) 22°C/17% RH (stainless steel and polypropylene only), (B) 22°C/41% RH, or (C-D) 28°C/90% RH. The microtitration assay limit of detection (0.7 Log TCID50/mL) is indicated by a gray bar at the bottom of each graph. The apparent increase at the 72 h timepoint in panel A is most likely due to experimental variation in replicate samples and not an increase in viral titer. The graphs in panels C-D are derived from two separate studies, as described in the methods section.</p
Drying in Blood Reduces Viability of EBOV/Yam-May More Than EBOV/Mak-C05.
No full textDrops of human whole blood (10 μL) spiked with either EBOV/Mak-C05 (blue) or EBOV/Yam-May (red) were spotted onto surface coupons. The spots were either recovered immediately (pre-dry) or dried at (A) 22°C/41% RH for one hour, or (B) 28°C/90% RH for four hours, and then recovered (post-dry). Viable virus titers in each recovered sample were determined, and the difference between pre- and post-dry samples were compared. The T = 0 timepoints (n = 3) for each graph represent pre-drying virus viability values, and the second point (one hour post-deposition at 22°C/41% RH and four hours post-deposition at 28°C/90% RH) shows virus viability immediately post-drying (highlighted in gray). Virus variants are indicated in the legend in panel A (EBOV/Mak-C05, blue dots, EBOV/Yam-May, red triangles). (C) The difference in the reduction in viable EBOV during drying in cell culture media, whole blood, and simulated vomit is shown.</p
High-nuclearity silver(I) clusters constructed with ethynide/thiolate ligands
No full textPh.D.The construction of high-nuclearity silver(I) clusters is an active frontier in contemporary chemistry in view of their structural diversity and intriguing physical properties. This thesis presents our effort in exploring the assembly of nano-sized silver clusters with ethynide (¯C≡C–R) and thiolate (¯S–R) protecting ligands.The unprecedented synthesis and structurally characterization of ethynidestabilized silver(I) sulfido molecular cluster compounds, namely [Ag9S6@Ag36(C≡CtBu)32(H2O)2] · [Ag(imidazole)(CH3OH)(H2O)] · 2BF4 (1), [Ag9S6@Ag36(C≡Cchx)32(H2O)2]SiF6 (2), [Ag66S10(C≡Cchx)42](BF4)4 (3) and [Ag120S24(PhC≡C)52Cl4(2-pyridone)10(H2O)8] · 4H3O · 8SiF6 · 4BF4 (4), have been achieved. Facilely assembled from novel organic sulfide precursors thiocarbonyldiimidazole and di(2-pyridyl) thionocarbonate, these clusters all feature exquisite core-shell arrangements. Compound 1 and 2 contain isostructural cluster components, with their common Oh tetrakis-hexahedral Ag9S6 core further enveloped by a Ag36 unit, thereby exhibiting an elegant Ag9S6@Ag36 “cluster within cluster” molecular skeleton. Compound 3 has a rare octahedral Ag6 kernel surrounded by a S6 octahedral unit to form a Ag6@S6 entity, which is further encapsulated by a Ag58S4 outer shell. Compound 4 possesses a new olive-shaped Ag90S24 inner core enveloped by a Ag–C cluster surface featuring a pair of hollow sites that accommodate weaklycoordinating SiF62- anions through crown-like quadruple hydrogen bonds. These findings validate the co-existence of AgI-S (sulfido), AgI-C (ethynide) bonding and argentophilic interactions within a cluster, which highlights the complexity and challenge in the assembly of high-nuclearity silver(I) mixed-ligand clusters bearing ethynide and sulfido components.Next, using a chloride-assisted supramolecular building-block approach, we employed the molecular Cl@Agm(C≡CPh)n entity in the construction of a gigantic cluster complex, namely [Ag216S56Cl7(C≡CPh)98(H2O)12] ∙ [Ag3(imidazole)(H2O)5] ∙ (SbF6)4 (5), which contains the hitherto largest discrete organometallic cluster substantiated by X-ray crystallography. Based on an icosahedral Cl@Ag12 kernel, this spheroidal cluster features an unprecedented five-shell structure Cl@Ag12@S12@Ag32@S44Cl6@Ag172 with idealized Th symmetry. The MALDI-MS, 1D, 2D 1H NMR, electronic absorption and emission spectra of 5 were measured. The molecular skeleton of an isomorphous Br-based cluster [Ag216S56Br7(C≡CPh)98(H2O)12](SbF6) (6) was also characterized by single-crystal Xray diffraction. Compound 5 shows intense red luminescence in solution at roomtemperature (QY = 3.4% in CH2Cl2); with a molecular diameter of 3.4 nm, it serves as a unique example that fills the gap between small luminescent silver clusters and large luminescent silver nanoparticles.In a separate direction of investigation, a series of seven new complexes including molecular silver-thiolate clusters and their supramolecular coordination frameworks have been assembled from silver carbide precursor Ag2C2 (IUPAC name silver ethynediide or silver acetylenediide) using a pre-templated approach. Two prototype clusters Ag14(SR)6 and CO3@Agn(SR)10 (R = isopropyl, cyclohexyl or tertbutyl, n = 18 or 20) were employed to construct cluster-based open-frameworks ofdifferent dimensionality. In particular, new ellipsoidal molecular cluster compounds Ag14(S-iPr)6(CF3CO2)8·DMSO6 (7, 8) and [Ag14(Schx) 6(CO2CF3)8(DMSO)4]·3DMSO (9) were isolated and structurally characterized.Thereafter a three-dimensional net-like coordination framework {Ag3[Ag14(SiPr) 6(CF3CO2)11(H2O)3CH3OH]·(H2O)2.5}n (10) was obtained by linking cluster 7 with the silver trifluoroacetate unit. The disc-like carboxylate templated CO3@Agn(SR)10 cluster units could be assembled into a chain-like compound {[HN(CH3)2CO][CO3@Ag18(S-tBu)10(NO3)7(DMF)4]·DMF}n (11), as well as two layer-type compounds {Ag[CO3@Ag20(S-iPr)10(CO2CF3)9(CF3CO2H)(CH3OH)2]}n (12) and {Ag2[CO3@Ag20(Schx) 10(CO2CF3)10(CF3CO2H)2(H2O)2]·(H2O)3·(CH3OH)3}n (13) with sql-net characteristics. We subsequently demonstrated that the pre-template C≡C2- capable of drawing several Ag+ ions together to form the C2@Agn entity plays an indispensable role in the syntheses of these compounds. Furthermore, the zero- to three-dimensional covalently connected assemblies of these nano-sized silver thiolate clusters reveal an enormous potential for the development of silver cluster-based frameworks.由於其結構多樣性以及有趣的物理性質，高核一價銀簇的構建成為當代化學的一個活躍的研究前沿。本論文介紹了我們在探索使用乙炔基配體和巰基配體組裝納米尺寸銀簇的努力。通過使用新穎的硫化物前軀體thiocarbonyldiimidazolo 和di(2-pyridyl)thionocarbonate，我們首次合成出了乙炔基穩定的硫化銀分子簇化合物，[Ag9S6@Ag36(C ≡ CtBu)32(H2O)2] · [Ag(imidazole)(CH3OH)(H2O)] · 2BF4 (1),[Ag9S6@Ag36(C ≡ Cchx)32(H2O)2]SiF6 (2), [Ag66S10(C ≡ Cchx)42](BF4)4 (3) and[Ag120S24(PhC≡C)52Cl4(2-pyridone)10(H2O)8] · 4H3O · 8SiF6 · 4BF4 (4)。這些簇都具有精緻的核殼結構。化合物1 和2 具有相同的硫化銀分子骨架，其結構包含有一個由Ag36 單元包圍的四角化六面體構型的Ag9S6 核，從而呈現出簡潔的Ag9S6 @Ag36 “簇中有簇” 的分子骨架。化合物3 具有由一個S6 八面體單元包圍的罕見的八面體Ag6 核，形成一個Ag6@S6 實體，其進一步被一個Ag58S4 外殼封裝。化合物4 具有一個新的橄欖形Ag90S24 內核，它的Ag-C 表面擁有一對可以通過冠狀四重氫鍵容納弱配位陰離子SiF62-的中空位點。這些研究結果驗證了較強的AgI-S 鍵和較弱的AgI-C 鍵可以在一個金屬簇內共存，突出了這類混合配體高核一價銀簇組裝的複雜性和挑戰性。接下來，我們通過使用氯離子輔助的超分子構建單元方法，合成出了一個巨大的分子簇，[Ag216S56Cl7(C≡CPh)98(H2O)12] ∙ [Ag3(imidazole)(H2O)5] （5）。其包含通過X 射線晶體學研究的最大的離散有機金屬簇。基於一個二十面體Cl@Ag12 內核， 該球形簇具有理想Th 對稱性的空前的五層殼結構Cl@Ag12@S12@Ag32@S44Cl6@Ag172。我們同時測量了它的MALDI-MS，1D，2D1H NMR，電子吸收和發射等譜學。它的溴基異構體簇的分子骨架也通過單次X射線衍射表徵，表示為6。化合物5 在室溫下在溶液中顯示強烈的紅色發光（在二氯甲烷中熒光量子產率為3.4％），另外其直徑為3.4 nm ，這使其成為填補小型發光銀簇和大型發光銀納米顆粒之間的缺口的獨特實例。通過使用碳化銀前驅體（Ag2C2）主導的預模板方法，我們合成出了一系列分子型的巰基銀簇及其共價超分子骨架。兩個原型簇Ag14(SR)6 和CO3@Agn(SR)10（R =異丙基，環己基或叔丁基，n = 18 或20）被用來構建不同維度的基於簇的開放框架。首先，我們分離並結構表徵新的分子型橢圓體簇化合物，Ag14(S-iPr)6(CF3CO2)8·DMSO6（7，8）和 [Ag14(S-chx)6(CO2CF3)8(DMSO)4]·3DMSO （9）。然後通過三氟乙酸銀單元將簇7 連接，得到了三維網狀結構的{Ag3[Ag14(S-iPr)6(CF3CO2)11(H2O)3CH3OH]·(H2O)2.5}n。對於盤狀羧酸鹽模板簇CO3@Agn(SR)10 ，我們可以將該簇組裝成鏈狀化合物{[HN(CH3)2CO][CO3@Ag18(S-tBu)10(NO3)7(DMF)4]·DMF}n（11）以及兩個具有sql拓撲結構的層狀化合物{Ag[CO3@Ag20(S-iPr)10(CO2CF3)9(CF3CO2H)(CH3OH2)]}n （ 12 ） ， {Ag2[CO3@Ag20(S-chx)10(CO2CF3)10(CF3CO2H)2(H2O)2] · (H2O)3 ·(CH3OH)3}n （13）。我們證明了C≡C2-作為前模板將多個Ag+離子拉近到一起形成C2@Agn 實體，在這些化合物的合成中起著不可或缺的作用。此外，這些納米尺寸巰基銀簇的全維（從零維數到三維）共價組裝顯示了銀簇在構建開放骨架中的巨大潛力。Chen, Ziyi.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2017.Includes bibliographical references.Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 30, October, 2019)
Influence of the MDM2 single nucleotide polymorphism SNP309 on tumour development in BRCA1 mutation carriers
Get PDFBackgroundThe MDM2 gene encodes a negative regulator of the p53 tumour suppressor protein. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the MDM2 promoter (a T to G exchange at nucleotide 309) has been reported to produce accelerated tumour formation in individuals with inherited p53 mutations. We have investigated the effect of the MDM2 SNP309 on clinical outcome in a cohort of patients with germline mutations of BRCA1.MethodsGenomic DNA was obtained for 102 healthy controls and 116 patients with established pathogenic mutations of BRCA1 and Pyrosequencing technology™ was used to determine the genotype at the MDM2 SNP309 locus.ResultsThe polymorphism was present in 52.9% of the controls (G/T in 37.3% and G/G in 15.6%) and 58.6% of the BRCA1 mutation carriers (47.4% G/T and 11.2% G/G). Incidence of malignancy in female BRCA1 carriers was not significantly higher in SNP309 carriers than in wildtype (T/T) individuals (72.7% vs. 75.6%, p = 1.00). Mean age of diagnosis of first breast cancer was 41.2 years in the SNP309 G/G genotype carriers, 38.6 years in those with the SNP309 G/T genotype and 39.0 years in wildtype subjects (p = 0.80).ConclusionWe found no evidence that the MDM2 SNP309 accelerates tumour development in carriers of known pathogenic germline mutations of BRCA1
Comproportionation self-assembly of High-nuclearity Cu(I) alkynyl and Cu(I) acetylenediide/alkynyl complexes
No full textPh.D.本文報道了歸中反應 (comproportionation methodology) 作為一種有效合成方法在制備高核數一價銅化合物的應用。基於該反應具有高兼容性和穩定性，我們還研究了模板劑效應（其中模板劑作為反應物外源加入或由原位反應產生），並發現引入模板劑可以生成具有納米尺寸的高核熒光金屬簇化合物。首先，二價銅鹽和金屬單質銅與叔丁基炔 (tBuC≡CH) 在常溫下發生了歸中反應 (comproportionation methodology) 並生成一系列高核一價銅簇化合物1−8。在此反應中，叔丁基炔的強位阻效應是這一系列“簇反應”發生的驅動力。由於二價銅鹽中的抗衡陰離子具有不同的配位能力，尺寸以及形狀，進而造成了生成物1−8在結構上的多樣性。這種多樣性主要表現在這些銅簇化合物在核數和構型上的異同。為了測試模板劑對這個新合成路徑的影響，鉬多酸鹽作為反應物加入反應體系後得到兩個納米級別的化合物：[Cu33(tBuC≡C)24(Mo4O16)]·BF4 (9) 和[Cu62(tBuC≡C)34(Mo5O19)2(MoO4)2(OTf)2(OH)4]·(OTf)2 (10)。單晶X射線衍射結果顯示這兩個納米簇都具有“殼包核”的結構， 而不同點在於化合物9是由一個球狀的Cu33殼包裹一個Mo4O168− 多酸陰離子構成的，而10則是一個花生狀的Cu62殼包裹了兩個Mo5O198− 的多酸陰離子。據我們所知，化合物10是迄今為止發現的核數最大銅簇化合物。化合物1−10的合成說明了歸中反應在合成中具有潛在的應用價值。基於此，我們嘗試使用異丙基乙炔（iso-propylacetylene，iPrC≡CH) 代替叔丁基炔以進一步擴展銅炔的“簇反應”體系。有趣的是，二價銅鹽和金屬單質銅與iPrC≡CH在溫和的水熱條件下通過原位反應生成了C22−，並以此作為原位模板劑誘導產生了一系列結構可控的納米簇。在此過程中，C22− 的生成主要是由iPrC≡CH通過C−H 和 C−C的單鍵斷裂反應實現的。這些納米簇的化學式可以用同時包含Cu2C2 and CuC≡CiPr兩種主要成分的復鹽形式來表達，記作Cu2C2·14CuC≡CiPr·8CuOOCH (11), Cu2C2·13CuC≡CiPr·9CuOOCCH3 (12), 6Cu2C2·24CuC≡CiPr·12CuOOCCF3 (13) 和 Cu2C2·14CuC≡CiPr·8CuOOCCF3 (11a)。值得註意的是雖然Cu2C2 and CuC≡CR代表兩個不同的化學體系，本反應成功地通過原位反應將他們融合在了同一自組裝體系中。這個合成路線的建立有以下幾個意義：（1）就CuC≡CiPr體系而言，它原本具有很強的生成配位聚合物傾向。而11−13的生成第一次證明了模板劑可以誘導銅簇化合物的生成。鑒於此，模板劑可以發展成一種制備高核銅炔簇化合物的強有力手段；（2）對於Cu2C2體系，11−13的合成對於了解Cu2C2的基本結構特點和鍵合特征也非常重要。我們發現C22−其實傾向於被包裹在一個結構和構型多變金屬籠中，形成C2@Cum (m = 6, 7, 8) 多面體。而隨之觀察到的µ6, µ7 和 µ8的配位模式也具有重要意義因為他們是繼之前發現的兩種µ4模式之後表征到的新配位模式；（3）令人印象深刻是的11−13作為復鹽同時包含Cu2C2 和 CuC≡CR兩種成分，而且可以通過調節他們的相對含量從而得到不同復鹽；（4）同樣不可忽視的一點是作為一類新的一價銅熒光化合物，這些復鹽展現出隨結構變化而變化的熱致發光性質。總的說來， 本文對銅炔化合物與同時含有炔基和乙炔基的簇合物在合成，結構表征以及熒光性質方面都做了準確描述。這些信息擴充了對第11主族金屬有機化學研究。We report in this thesis the application of comproportionation methodology as a working approach towards the synthesis of discrete Cu(I) clusters. As a robust synthetic pathway with readily available precursors, we have further investigated the potential of template species, either added intentionally or generated in situ, in the construction of diverse high-nuclearity clusters as photoluminescent materials.Comproportionation reaction of Cu(II)X2 (e.g. X = BF4−, OTf−) and copper metallic powder with tert-butylacetylene (tBuC≡CH) at room temperature led to the generation of a series of discrete high-nuclearity Cu(I) alkynide clusters 1−8 where the steric effect of the tBuC≡C− ligand evokes the driving force to dictate cluster-formation chemistry. The effect of co-existing counter anion (X) in promoting the structural diversification is manifested in that the assembled Cu(I) kernels exhibit various nuclearities and core configurations. In an effort to test the templation effect on self-assembly, polyoxomolybdates were introduced into the reaction system, yielding two large nanoclusters [Cu33(tBuC≡C)24(Mo4O16)]·BF4 (9) and [Cu62(tBuC≡C)34(Mo5O19)2(MoO4)2(OTf)2(OH)4]·(OTf)2 (10). Both complexes have been revealed by X-ray crystallography to contain core−shell cluster architectures in which different numbers and kinds of POM templates are encapsulated, that is, the bowl-shaped Cu33 cluster of 9 contains a Mo4O168− cluster while Cu62 of 10 features a peanut configuration with two Mo5O198− polyoxoanions incorporated. As far as we are aware, complex 10 represents the highest-nuclearity Cu(I) alkynide clusters reported to date.Having established the utility of comproportionation methodology, we then endeavored to expand [RC≡CCu] cluster chemistry using the aliphatic iso-propylacetylene (iPrC≡CH) as a synthetic precursor. Interestingly, solvothermal comproportionation reaction of Cu(II)X2 (X = HCOO−; CH3COO−; CF3COO−) and copper metallic powder with iPrC≡CH led to formation of a series of triple salts as structurally tunable nanoclusters. This unique approach involved C−H and C−C single bond cleavages of the iPr−C≡C−H to generate the C22− dianion as template, affording a series of triple salts containing Cu2C2 and CuC≡CiPr as key components, namely Cu2C2·14CuC≡CiPr·8CuOOCH (11), Cu2C2·13CuC≡CiPr·9CuOOCCH3 (12), 6Cu2C2·24CuC≡CiPr·12CuOOCCF3 (13) and Cu2C2·14CuC≡CiPr·8CuOOCCF3 (11a). Noticeably, while Cu2C2 and CuC≡CR entail two different barren landscapes, forging the two areas into a self-assembly system has led to several intriguing results that deserve particular highlighting: i) concerning CuC≡CR chemistry, synthesis of 11−13 demonstrates, for the first time, the in-situ-generated template as an element of control, pushing the [CuC≡CR] system towards the formation of discrete molecular edifices. As such, template synthesis not only serves as viable route to control CuC≡CR self-assembly, but also constitutes an important addition to the inadequate toolbox of fabricating high-nuclearity Cu(I) alkynide clusters; ii) as to Cu2C2 chemistry, more fundamentally, the unique role of these triple salts in understanding the binding interactions and structural features of Cu2C2 is noteworthy. That is, the C22− entity essentially has a preference to be encapsulated inside a Cu(I) cage to form a polynuclear aggregate with variable coordination geometry, denoted as C2@Cum (m = 6, 7, 8). The resulting high ligation modes of µ6, µ7 and µ8 are significant insofar as they complement the hitherto only known µ4 modes in Cu(I) acetylenediide complexes; iii) impressively, 11−13 provide the first examples of composite salts containing both metal acetylenediide and metal alkynide as complementary components, which are further highlighted by their ability to integrate-and-assemble the triple components into distinct ensembles via molar-ratio variation; iv) last but not least important, as an emerging class of luminescent Cu(I) complexes, these triple salts are endowed with thermochromism properties controlled by their structures.To summarize, the present investigation presents definitive information on the syntheses, structural details and luminescent properties of Cu(I) alkynide and acetylenediide/alkynide complexes, which expand the scope of current studies in Group 11 organometallic chemistry.Zhang, Limin.Thesis Ph.D. Chinese University of Hong Kong 2017.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 108-122).Abstracts also in Chinese.Title from PDF title page (viewed on 30, April, 2019).Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only.Detailed summary in vernacular field only
Energy balance of a laboratory population of Ostrea Edulis (L)
No full textIncludes bibliographical references.The energy balance components of a laboratory population of juvenile Ostrea edulis, fed on Tetraselmis seucica at 15°C and 35%, were investigated.
The results show that filtration rate is a power function of body size and is dependent on food concentration. The relationship between food concentration and filtration rate closely approximated a
theoretical model proposed for copepods, which was therefore adapted to suit bivalves. Filtration rate showed no selection of particles on the basis of size. However, oysters are probably able to
recognise algae on a chemosensory basis and reject undesirable particles. Routine metabolism was found to be proportional to the 1,09 power of body mass. This agrees with expected values of the
mass exponent predicted in the literature for animals of this size. No evidence of energy loss as dissolved organic carbon was recorded
Mule/Huwe1/Arf-BP1 suppresses Ras-driven tumorigenesis by preventing c-Myc/Miz1-mediated down-regulation of p21 and p15
No full textTumorigenesis results from dysregulation of oncogenes and tumor suppressors that influence cellular proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and/or senescence. Many gene products involved in these processes are substrates of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Mule/Huwe1/Arf-BP1 (Mule), but whether Mule acts as an oncogene or tumor suppressor in vivo remains controversial. We generated K14Cre;Mule(flox/flox(y)) (Mule kKO) mice and subjected them to DMBA/PMA-induced skin carcinogenesis, which depends on oncogenic Ras signaling. Mule deficiency resulted in increased penetrance, number, and severity of skin tumors, which could be reversed by concomitant genetic knockout of c-Myc but not by knockout of p53 or p19Arf. Notably, in the absence of Mule, c-Myc/Miz1 transcriptional complexes accumulated, and levels of p21CDKN1A (p21) and p15INK4B (p15) were down-regulated. In vitro, Mule-deficient primary keratinocytes exhibited increased proliferation that could be reversed by Miz1 knockdown. Transfer of Mule-deficient transformed cells to nude mice resulted in enhanced tumor growth that again could be abrogated by Miz1 knockdown. Our data demonstrate in vivo that Mule suppresses Ras-mediated tumorigenesis by preventing an accumulation of c-Myc/Miz1 complexes that mediates p21 and p15 down-regulation
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