1,143 research outputs found
The mass of Kepler-93b and the composition of terrestrial planets
No full textKepler-93b is a 1.478 ± 0.019 R ⊕ planet with a 4.7 day period around a bright (V = 10.2), astroseismically characterized host star with a mass of 0.911 ± 0.033 M ☉ and a radius of 0.919 ± 0.011 R ☉. Based on 86 radial velocity observations obtained with the HARPS-N spectrograph on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo and 32 archival Keck/HIRES observations, we present a precise mass estimate of 4.02 ± 0.68 M ⊕. The corresponding high density of 6.88 ± 1.18 g cm–3 is consistent with a rocky composition of primarily iron and magnesium silicate. We compare Kepler-93b to other dense planets with well-constrained parameters and find that between 1 and 6 M ⊕, all dense planets including the Earth and Venus are well-described by the same fixed ratio of iron to magnesium silicate. There are as of yet no examples of such planets with masses >6 M ⊕. All known planets in this mass regime have lower densities requiring significant fractions of volatiles or H/He gas. We also constrain the mass and period of the outer companion in the Kepler-93 system from the long-term radial velocity trend and archival adaptive optics images. As the sample of dense planets with well-constrained masses and radii continues to grow, we will be able to test whether the fixed compositional model found for the seven dense planets considered in this paper extends to the full population of 1-6 M ⊕ planets.Peer reviewe
The kepler-10 planetary system revisited by harps-n : a hot rocky world and a solid neptune-mass planet
No full textKepler-10b was the first rocky planet detected by the Kepler satellite and confirmed with radial velocity follow-up observations from Keck-HIRES. The mass of the planet was measured with a precision of around 30%, which was insufficient to constrain models of its internal structure and composition in detail. In addition to Kepler-10b, a second planet transiting the same star with a period of 45 days was statistically validated, but the radial velocities were only good enough to set an upper limit of 20 M ⊕ for the mass of Kepler-10c. To improve the precision on the mass for planet b, the HARPS-N Collaboration decided to observe Kepler-10 intensively with the HARPS-N spectrograph on the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo on La Palma. In total, 148 high-quality radial-velocity measurements were obtained over two observing seasons. These new data allow us to improve the precision of the mass determination for Kepler-10b to 15%. With a mass of 3.33 ± 0.49 M ⊕ and an updated radius of R ⊕, Kepler-10b has a density of 5.8 ± 0.8 g cm–3, very close to the value predicted by models with the same internal structure and composition as the Earth. We were also able to determine a mass for the 45-day period planet Kepler-10c, with an even better precision of 11%. With a mass of 17.2 ± 1.9 M ⊕ and radius of R ⊕, Kepler-10c has a density of 7.1 ± 1.0 g cm–3. Kepler-10c appears to be the first strong evidence of a class of more massive solid planets with longer orbital periods
HII 2407: an eclipsing binary revealed by K2 observations of the Pleiades
No full textThe material presented herein is based upon work supported in 2015 by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under grant No. DGE1144469. T.J.D. gratefully acknowledges support from France Córdova through the Neugebauer Scholarship. This research was partially supported by an appointment to the NASA Postdoctoral Program at the Ames Research Center, administered by Oak Ridge Associated Universities through a contract with NASA. Support for this work was provided by NASA via grant NNX15AV62G. C.B. acknowledges support from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. A.C.C. acknowledges support from STFC grant ST/M001296/1. Funding for WASP comes from consortium universities and from UKs Science and Technology Facilities Council.The star HII 2407 is a member of the relatively young Pleiades star cluster and was previously discovered to be a single-lined spectroscopic binary. It is newly identified here within Kepler/K2 photometric time series data as an eclipsing binary system. Mutual fitting of the radial velocity and photometric data leads to an orbital solution and constraints on fundamental stellar parameters. While the primary has arrived on the main sequence, the secondary is still pre-main sequence and we compare our results for the M/M⊙ and R/R⊙ values with stellar evolutionary models. We also demonstrate that the system is likely to be tidally synchronized. Follow-up infrared spectroscopy is likely to reveal the lines of the secondary, allowing for dynamically measured masses and elevating the system to benchmark eclipsing binary status.Peer reviewe
Brave new worlds: experimentalism between the wars
No full textIntroduction: trajectories of twentieth-century music Nicholas Cook with Anthony Pople; 1. Peripheries and interfaces: Western music and its others Jonathan Stock; 2. Music of a century: museum culture and the politics of subsidy Leon Botstein; 3. Innovation and the avant-garde, 1900 1920 Christopher Butler; 4. Music, text and stage: the tradition of bourgeois tonality, 1900 1930 Stephen Banfield; 5. Classic jazz to 1945 James Collier; 6. Flirting with the vernacular: America in Europe, 1900 1945 Susan Cook; 7. Between the wars: traditions, modernisms and the ‘‘little people’ from the suburbs’ Peter Franklin; 8. Brave new worlds: experimentalism between the wars David Nicholls; 9. Proclaiming a mainstream: Schoenberg, Berg, and Webern Joseph Auner; 10. Rewriting the past: classicisms of the interwar period Hermann Danuser; 11. Music of seriousness and commitment: the 1930s and beyond Michael Walter; 12. Other mainstreams: light music and easy listening, 1920 70 Derek Scott; 13. New beginnings: the international avant-garde, 1945 62 David Osmond-Smith; 14. Moderate modernisms: individualism and accessibility, 1945 75 Arnold Whittall; 15. After swing: modern jazz and its impact Mervyn Cooke; 16. Music of the youth revolution: rock through the 1960s Robynn Stilwell; 17. Expanding horizons: the international avant-garde, 1962 75 Richard Toop; 18. To the millennium: music as commodity Andrew Blake; 19. Ageing of the new: the museum of musical modernism Alastair Williams; 20. (Post)-minimalisms, 1975 2000: the search for a new mainstream Robert Fink; 21. History and class consciousness: pop music towards 2000 Dai Griffiths; 22. ‘Art’ music in a cross-cultural context: Africa towards 2000 Martin Scherzinger; Appendices: 1. Personalia Peter Elsdon with Björn Heile; 2. Chronology Peter Elsdon and Peter Jones
Votes and Violence: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Nigeria
No full textFollowing the wave of democratization during the 1990s, elections are now common in low-income societies. However, these elections are frequently flawed. We investigate the Nigerian general election of 2007, which is to date the largest election held in Africa and one seriously marred by violence. We designed and conducted a nationwide field experiment based on randomized anti-violence grassroots campaigning. We find direct effects on violence outcomes from exploring both subject-surveying and independent data sources. Crucially, we establish that voter intimidation is effective in reducing voter turnout, and that the violence was systematically dissociated from incumbents. We suggest that incumbents have a comparative advantage in alternative strategies, vote buying and ballot fraud. Voter intimidation may be a strategy of the weak analogous to terrorism.Violence, Conflict, Electoral Politics, Political Economy, Randomized Experiment, Field Experiment, Nigeria, West Africa
GLOBAL ASSEMBLAGES: TECHNOLOGY, POLITICS, AND ETHICS AS ANTHROPOLOGICAL PROBLEMS
No full textNotes on Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Pt. I. Introduction -- Ch. 1. Global assemblages, anthropological problems / Stephen J. Collier and Aihwa Ong -- Ch. 2. On regimes of living / Stephen J. Collier and Andrew Lakoff -- Ch. 3. Midst anthropology s problems / Paul Rabinow -- Pt. II. Bioscience and biological life -- Ethics of technoscientific objects -- Ch. 4. Stem cells r us: emergent life forms and the global biological / Sarah Franklin -- Ch. 5. Operability, bioavailability, and exception / Lawrence Cohen -- Ch. 6. The Iceland controversy: reflections on the transnational market of civic virtue / Gíslí Pálsson and Paul Rabinow -- Value and values -- Ch. 7. Time, money, and biodiversity / Geoffrey C. Bowker -- Ch. 8. Antiretroviral globalism, biopolitics, and therapeutic citizenship / Vinh-kim Nguyen -- Ch. 9. The last commodity: post-human ethics and the global traffic in "fresh" organs / Nancy Scheper-Hughes -- Pt. III. Social technologies and disciplines -- Standards -- Ch. 10. Standards and person-making in east central Europe / Elizabeth C. Dunn -- Ch. 11. The private life of numbers: pharmaceutical marketing in post-welfare Argentina / Andrew Lakoff -- Ch. 12. Implementing empirical knowledge in anthropology and Islamic accountancy / Bill Maurer -- Practices of calculating selves -- Ch. 13. Cultures of expertise and the management of globalization: toward the re-functioning of ethnography / Douglas R. Holmes and George E. Marcus -- Ch. 14. The discipline of speculators / Caitlin Zaloom -- Ch. 15. Cultures on the brink: reengineering the soul of capitalism - on a global scale / Kris Olds and Nigel Thrift -- Managing Uncertainty -- Ch. 16. Heterarchies of value: distributing intelligence and organizing diversity in a new media startup / Monique Girard and David Stark -- Ch. 17. Failure as an Endpoint / Hirokazu Miyazaki and Annelise Riles -- Pt. IV. Governmentality and politics -- Governing populations -- Ch. 18. Ecologies of expertise: assembling flows, managing citizenship / Aihwa Ong -- Ch. 19. Globalization and population governance in China / Susan Greenhalgh -- Ch. 20. Budgets and biopolitics / Stephen J. Collier -- Security, legitimacy, justice -- Ch. 21. State and urban space in Brazil: from modernist planning to democratic interventions / Teresa Caldeira and James Holston -- Ch. 22. The Garrison Entrepôt: a mode of governing in the Chad Basin / Janet Roitman -- Citizenship and ethics -- Ch. 23. Biological citizenship / Nikolas Rose and Carlos Novas -- Ch. 24. Robust knowledge and fragile futures / Marilyn Strathern -- Inde
Looking ahead optimally in allocating aid
No full textThe Collier-Dollar approach to aid allocation has been less than fully embraced by donors – even those focused on poverty reduction – and has come into conflict with a different approach based on the Millennium Development Goals. These two approaches are shown to be special cases of a more general model of optimal aid allocation, in which donors care about future as well as current poverty. The model is illustratively applied to data for developing regions. Adding a poverty decline adjustment to the allocation formulae now used by aid agencies would make these formulae more efficient and more acceptable.
Sarah Fielding: Satire and Subversion in the Eighteenth-Century Novel
No full textThis study of Sarah Fielding (1710―68) is an original contribution to Fielding scholarship that has a dual purpose: to support those who are striving to re-introduce her to the modern literary landscape in an effort to restore her eighteenth-century literary standing, and to firmly establish Fielding as an early feminist writer. It is argued here that throughout her oeuvre Fielding challenged prevailing traditions that denied women a choice, particularly in education, employment and marriage. These themes are also considered in the political treatises of Mary Astell (1666―1731) and Mary Wollstonecraft (1759―97), who are now widely recognised as feminist writers.
It is further argued that Fielding’s subversion in fiction of the English patriarchal system is underscored by her unorthodox performance in the literary arena. This is fully explored alongside her use of sentimentalism as a literary tool with which she challenges her seemingly inhumane society. Fielding’s interest in ‘the Labyrinths of the Mind’ (in modern terms, human psychology) will also be addressed as will her placement in the history of feminism and her placement in the sentimental novel tradition. Fielding’s performance as a literary critic will be compared with the few female authors who, like her, dared to publish literary criticism during her writing career. Accordingly, extracts from Fielding’s novels and her two critical pamphlets will be thoroughly examined.
An updated biography of Fielding that is also included here will provide evidence for a further claim, that her fiction is autobiographical in part. A comprehensive account of Fielding’s performance as a literary critic forms the final chapter of this work. It is the first full-length examination of her contribution to the genre and includes an appraisal of her recently unearthed critical pamphlet entitled A Comparison Between the Horace of Corneille and The Roman Father of Mr. Whitehead (1750) that is yet to be formerly attributed to her. Ultimately this study of Fielding will go far beyond what has previously been written about this remarkable eighteenth-century author, particularly regarding her feminist activity
Andrew Dickson White papers microfilm reel 55, March 17, 1891-August 21, 1891
No full textDigitized microfilm of correspondence and papers from the Andrew Dickson White collection.White's candidacy for the gubernatorial nomination in New York State is the principal subject of this reel. Most of his friends urged White's acceptance, but a few newspaper clippings throw doubt on Thomas Collier Platt's backing him. Frederick W. Holls wrote on June 30 of the financial drain a candidate must be prepared to accept. David Starr Jordan wrote several letters about Stanford University plans. On May 23 he wrote, My educational views are the lineal descendents of yours, and on the 27th he announced his hope to lure several faculty members from Cornell to Palo Alto. Edward H. Magill wrote that he would like Horatio S. White to be Swarthmore's president. A friend of George T. Winston wrote to suggest that Cornell bestow an honorary LL.D. on the early Cornellian who had been made president of the University of North Carolina. A letter from Straus on April 14 concerned his plan to start a trade school for young Russian immigrants who were pressing into the cigar and cloak-making trades. He wrote that aside from being crowded and underpaid these pursuits kept people in New York, where they lived as in a Ghetto. White and F. J. Garrison exchanged letters in June regarding protests to the Russian government on behalf of the Jews
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Rural life in English poetry of the mid-eighteenth century
No full textThis thesis examines several mid-eighteenth century poems, assessing their portrayal of rural life, its literary and historical significance, and the aesthetic and ideological issues it presents. An introductory essay on developments in rural poetry sets the scene for two extended essays. The first essay is a comparative reading of the subject of rural labour in three poems: James Thomson’s The Seasons (1726-44), Stephen Duck’s The Thresher’s Labour (1730, 1736) and Mary Collier’s The Woman’s Labour (1739). The viewpoints of a professional poet (Thomson), a farm labourer (Duck), and a working woman (Collier) are compared in relation to kinds of work all three address as well as to individual labouring subjects. The responses of the three poets to such related issues as folk traditions, forms of charity and other ‘compensations’, are also compared. Some surprising similarities as well as instructive differences are located; and an interesting picture of idealistic and realistic, male-oriented and female-oriented attitudes to labour and labour-related themes emerges
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