18,953 research outputs found
ADAM SMITH'S OPTIMISTIC TELEOLOGICAL VIEW OF HISTORY
No full textAdam Smith's four-stage theory provides the framework for his writings on history. The fourth stage is the commercial epoch; the culmination of history in this stage is a key component in the conventional interpretation of Adam Smith as a prophet of commercialism. In two historical case studies Smith shows the capacity of commercial society to regenerate itself. This potent capacity suggests that commercial society is inevitable. At a certain point in time it also overcomes the major obstacles to its permanence. Smith's philosophy of history anticipates the end of history views of Kant and Hegel.Political Economy,
How Might Adam Smith Pay Professors Today?
No full textAdam Smith’s proposal for paying professors was intended to induce increased faculty knowledge. If students have imperfect information about what they learn, and universities can only imperfectly measure the input of faculty time in student learning, publications may be used to measure faculty knowledge. If professors’ ability to publish is positively related to their ability to produce student learning, which universities can imperfectly measure, publications may be necessary to attract more able professors. Since research signals faculty knowledge, schools that do not value publications per se could require higher publication standards and pay higher wages than schools that value only publications.
A new species of Ophryotrocha (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) associated with fish farming at Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania, Australia
No full textPaxton, Hannelore, Davey, Adam (2010): A new species of Ophryotrocha (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) associated with fish farming at Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania, Australia. Zootaxa 2509: 53-61, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19602
ADAM SMITH'S VIEW OF HISTORY: CONSISTENT OR PARADOXICAL?
No full textThe conventional interpretation of Adam Smith is that he is a prophet of commercialism. The liberal capitalist reading of Smith is consistent with the view that history culminates in commercial society. The first part of the article develops this optimistic interpretation of Smith's view of history. Smith implies that commercial society is the end of history because 1) it supplies the ends of nature that he identifies; 2) it is inevitable; and 3) it is permanent. The second part of the article shows that Smith has some dark moments in his writings where he seems to reject completely such teleological notions. In this more civic humanist mood he confesses that commercial society does not supply the ends of nature, nor is it inevitable, nor is it permanent. Both views exist in Smith and the commentator is forced to choose between passages in Smith's work in order to support a particular interpretation of the former's view of history.Political Economy,
FIGURE 1 in A new species of Ophryotrocha (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) associated with fish farming at Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania, Australia
No full textFIGURE 1. Maps of Tasmania (inset) and Macquarie Harbour. Squares and star denote locations of sea cages, with star marking type locality of Ophryotrocha shieldsi, sp. nov.Published as part of Paxton, Hannelore & Davey, Adam, 2010, A new species of Ophryotrocha (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) associated with fish farming at Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania, Australia, pp. 53-61 in Zootaxa 2509 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19602
Ophryotrocha shieldsi Paxton & Davey, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textOphryotrocha shieldsi, sp. nov. Figs. 1–3 Material examined. Type material: Liberty Point, Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania, 42 º 18 ’17.21063”S; 145 º 19 ’14.60318”E, beneath sea cages, 20 m, SCUBA diving, February 2002, collectors A. Davey, J. Lane, D. Shields, holotype (AM W. 36644), 10 paratypes (AM W. 36645); same locality and collectors, 20 m, modified ROV, 4 February 2009, 20 paratypes (AM W. 36646). DNA voucher specimen: Same locality and collectors, 4 February 2009 (GNM Polychaeta 13224). Description. Live specimens up to 16 mm long for 46 chaetigers. Length of holotype 7.3 mm for 43 chaetigers (paratypes 2.5–6.0 mm for 29–36 chaetigers), width of holotype 0.9 mm including dorsal lateral lobes at chaetiger 10 (paratypes 0.3–0.7 mm). Live specimens with striking colour pattern of salmon pink pigmentation on peristomial rings and lateral segmental lobes, body otherwise whitish. Preserved specimens opaque white. Body long, slender, slightly tapering towards posterior end, dorsal side convex, ventral side slightly concave (Fig. 2 A, C). Prostomium (Figs. 2 B, 3 A) with ciliary ring in front of antennae, continuous across palpophores, additional incomplete band dorsally behind antennae and ventrally in front and behind ciliary ring (Figs. 2 C, 3 B); peristomial rings and chaetigerous segments encircled by ciliary rings, continuous across lateral dorsal and ventral lobes. Prostomium about twice as wide as long, bearing pair of dorsolateral cirriform antennae and pair of ventrolateral biarticulate palps. Palps consisting of large palpophore and small globular palpostyle. Pair of oval slanted eyes (Fig. 3 A) at centre of posterior edge of prostomium, posteriorly almost touching, anteriorly further apart. Eyes internal, light-reflecting structures, appearing silvery white in live animals under incident light but invisible in preserved specimens. Nuchal organs at level of eyes, two at either side of eyes. Peristomium represented by 2 apodous achaetous rings, similar in length to following chaetigers. Chaetigers with well developed parapodia and prominent dorsal and ventral lateral lobes. Dorsal lobes (Figs. 2 A, 3 A, C) ovate, cushion-like, ventral lobes (Figs. 2 C, 3 B) digitate to triangular; lobes present on all chaetigers but best developed in middle body region. Parapodia (Fig. 2 D, 3 D) uniramous, long and slender, distally dilating, bearing dorsal and ventral cirrus and acicular lobe; each structure digitate, about as long as median width of parapodium. Parapodia supported by acicula, terminating in acicular lobe and subacicular short simple chaeta or accessory acicula, emerging from ventral chaetal lobe; chaetal lobe in most cases completely retracted (Fig. 2 D, E) or expanded to triangular lobe (Fig. 3 D). Chaetae long and very thin (Fig. 2 E); supra-acicular fascicle with 5-8 simple spatulate chaetae (Fig. 3 E), subacicular fascicle with 5-7 heterogomph falcigers (Fig. 3 F); upper part of simple chaetae and appendage of falcigers minutely serrated, with blunt tip; shaft of falciger minutely serrated. Pygidium wider than long, with pair of digitate pygidial cirri; anus dorsal (Fig. 3 C). Mature males with rosette glands, paired dorsal segmental glandular structures on posterior half of body (Figs. 2 F, 3 C). Structures consisting of circular clusters of large cells with perforated integument (Fig. 2 G) (for discussion of rosette glands see Paxton & Åkesson 2007). Mandibles strongly sclerotised, black; consisting of two elongate shafts widening to distal cutting plates with slightly curved anterior edge with medial roundish protrusion and 13–16 conical teeth (Fig. 3 G). Maxillary apparatus of P- and K-type; maxillae consisting of forceps fused with carrier-like structure and 7 pairs of anterior denticles (D). P-type maxillae occurring in females and immature males, weakly sclerotised with serrated ridges slightly darker (Figs. 2 H, 3 H). P-forceps with two transverse ridges, each with about 30 alternating larger and smaller teeth and a large fang. Denticles 1–3 similar to ridges of forceps with alternating large and small teeth and fang, D 4–7 more delicate, with very finely serrated edge. K-type maxillae only in mature males, darkly sclerotised, almost black (Fig. 3 I). K-forceps smooth, distally falcate. Denticles attached by ligament strut to forceps; serration of denticles similar to P-type but with fewer teeth. Etymology. The new species is named in honour of Derek Shields, who originally observed the aggregations of the new species, and encouraged the second author to study these animals. Remarks. The new species is the fourth species of the O. lobifera group. Like O. lobifera it has cushionlike lateral lobes. However, in O. lobifera the dorsal lobes are triangular, while in O. shieldsi they are ovate. Other differences are: O. shieldsi has palps with small globular rather than longer digitate palpostyles, Pmaxillae with forceps and denticles serrated by alternating large and small teeth rather than uniform teeth, and mandibles with curved rather than straight anterior edge. Ophryotrocha lipovskyae and O. craigsmithi differ from both species by possessing lamella-like lateral dorsal lobes. Analysis of DNA sequences of the mitochondrial CO 1 and ribosomal 16 S genes has demonstrated that O. shieldsi is sufficiently genetically isolated from the other three species to warrant specific status (Helena Wiklund, personal communication 2009). Accession numbers for DNA sequences from O. shieldsi, published on GenBank: HM 181931 (CO 1), HM 181932 (16 S). Distribution. At present only within Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania, directly underneath salmon cages.Published as part of Paxton, Hannelore & Davey, Adam, 2010, A new species of Ophryotrocha (Annelida: Dorvilleidae) associated with fish farming at Macquarie Harbour, Tasmania, Australia, pp. 53-61 in Zootaxa 2509 on pages 55-56, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19602
Adam Smith and Roman Servitudes
No full textThis essay is a preprint of an article that appeared at: Tijdschrift voor Rechstsgeschiedenis, 72 (2004), 327–57.This essay discusses Adam Smith historical jurisprudence and his use of Roman law materials in his Lectures on Jurisprudence. It argues that Smith found it difficult to maintain his theory of legal development in the face of a highly developed body of Roman law literature
THE THEOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OF ADAM SMITH'S WORK
No full textThe paper will discuss the theological foundation to Smith's writings. Teleology, final causes and divine design were initially seen as central to understanding Smith's writings. Over time, this view fell out of fashion. In the period after World War II, with the rise of positivism, commentators tended to overlook or downplay this interpretation. In the last decade, or so, teleology has started to be restored to its former position as an essential element in understanding Smith. After spelling out Smith's teleology and his view of final causes, divine design and the ends of nature, we try to explain the Panglossian nature of the 'new theistic view' of Smith. While our view differs somewhat, we agree with the essence of the 'new view' claim: a theological view exists in Smith which underpins his moral and economic theories.Political Economy,
Interview. Matthew Joseph with Adam Gussow, musician and author
No full textInterview in which Adam Gussow discusses hill country blues musi
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