86,865 research outputs found
Epidemiological data on chemical poisoning of animals: a source for risk assessment
No full textChemicals, included in the category of pesticides (n.1159 cases), insecticides, rodenticides, molluscicides, herbicides and fungicides, and household products (n. 191 cases), are among the main classes involved in animal poisoning. Epidemiological studies were carried out from 2010 to 2013 based on the Human Poison Control Centre of Milan (Centro Antiveleni di Milano, CAV) data related to domestic animal poisoning, in collaboration with the Veterinary Toxicology Section of the University of Milan. Data, processed for epidemiological analysis and evaluated in terms of the animal species, toxic substance, clinical signs and final outcome, were classified and represent an interesting database of chemical exposure. Most of the suspected poisoning cases were related to anticholinesterase insecticides, carbamates (methomyl), organophosphates (chlorpyriphos), and pyrethrins-pyrethroids. Frequently reported cases involved rodenticides such as anticoagulants, zinc phosphide, chlorophacinone, α-chloralose together with the molluscicides metaldehyde and methiocarb, in cases involving pets. Occasionally, the herbicides paraquat and glyphosate and fungicides like copper sulphate, copper oxychloride, ziram were reported. Caustic agents like sodium hydroxide, a drain cleaner also known as caustic soda and detergents and other frequent household toxicants such as solvents (hydrocarbons) used in paints and domestic fuel, fertilizers and ethylene glycol, used as an anti-freeze, are culprits causing intoxication. Epidemiological data collected can be a useful source and a key tool for chemical risk assessment.
References:
Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Rivolta M, Davanzo F Animal poisoning in Italy: 10 years of epidemiological data from the Poison Control Centre of Milan, 2012, Veterinary record 170, 415
Caloni F Berny P, Croubels S, Sachana M,Guitart R Epidemiology of poisonings in Europe, 2012, Chapter 7 pp 88-97 Veterinary Toxicology, Editor R. Gupta,2nd Edition
Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Pizzo F, Rivolta M, Panzavolta G, Falciola C, Davanzo F Poisoning of domestic animals: 2011 data from poison control centre of Milan, 2012, Toxicology letters, 214, 211S
Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Pizzo F, Rivolta M, Davanzo F. Poisoning of domestic animals data from Poison Control Centre of Milan, 2012, Toxicology letters, 221, S25
Epidemiologia degli avvelenamenti da pesticidi negli animali domestici in Italia
No full textDati epidemiologici relativi alle intossicazioni negli animali domestici hanno dimostrato che i pesticidi rappresentano una delle classi di maggior frequenza seguita da farmaci, prodotti ad uso domestico, household, e piante (Caloni et al., 2012, Caloni et al., 2013; Caloni et al., 2014). Nel periodo compreso tra 1 gennaio 2012 e 31 dicembre 2013, il Centro Antiveleni di Milano (CAV) ha registrato 222 casi di intossicazione da pesticidi corrispondenti al 39% delle intossicazioni totali. Il cane è risultata la specie maggiormente esposta con l'85,1% di chiamate, seguita dal gatto (11,3%) e altre specie (3,6%). Nell'ambito dei pesticidi gli insetticidi hanno rappresentato il 42%, seguiti dai rodenticidi (26,1%), erbicidi (14,9%), molluschicidi (8,1%) e fungicidi (5,9%). Gli insetticidi maggiormente coinvolti sono risultati i piretroidi (35%) e organofosforati (11%). La frequenza di chiamate relative ai neonicotinoidi (10%), superiori ai carbamati (6%) e organoclorurati (2%), è indicativo di un elevato impiego in ambiente domestico di questi pesticidi. Nell'ambito dei rodenticidi, i composti più frequentemente responsabili di intossicazione sono stati i rodenticidi
anticoagulanti come bromadiolone e brodifacoum. Per quanto riguarda gli erbicidi, responsabili di un numero sempre più crescente di intossicazioni, sono stati riportati diversi casi di avvelenamento da glifosato (64% delle chiamate), un erbicida ad ampio spettro, largamente impiegato. La metaldeide, è risultata sempre il molluschicida per il quale sono state registrate il maggior numero di chiamate (50%) e per i fungicidi i composti del rame, a seguito di esposizione per via orale, hanno rappresentato il 77% delle intossicazioni. Queste informazioni, da una parte confermano i dati già riportati in altre indagini (Caloni et al., 2012), dall'altra rivelano un andamento di notevole interesse, riportando un aumento dell'esposizione degli animali domestici ad alcune sostanze
(neonicotinoidi, glifosato), rispetto ad altre (organoclorurati), fornendo indicazioni per la valutazione delle intossicazioni in ambito veterinario.
Bibliografia
- Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Pizzo F, Rivolta M, Davanzo F. Epidemiological study (2006-2012) on the poisoning of small
animals by human and veterinary drugs. Vet Rec. 2014 Mar 1;174(9):222. Pubmed PMID: 24477472.
- Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Rivolta M, Alonge S, Davanzo F. Plant poisoning in domestic animals: epidemiological data from
an Italian survey (2000-2011). Vet Rec. 2013 Jun 1;172(22):580. Pubmed PMID: 23716536.
- Caloni F, Cortinovis C, Rivolta M, Davanzo F. Animal poisoning in Italy: 10 years of epidemiological data from the
Poison Control Centre of Milan. Vet Rec. 2012 Apr 21;170(16):415. Pubmed PMID: 22271801
Resin: a Vocal Tract Resonances and Head Based Accessible Digital Musical Instrument
No full textRecent developments in sensor technologies allowed the definition
of new human-computer interaction channels, useful for people
with very limiting motor disabilities such as quadriplegia. Some of
these sensors are available pre-packaged on the mass market, com-
plete with computer interaction softwares, while others are easily
achievable at low costs through DIY approaches. In this article we
present Resin, an Accessible Digital Musical Instrument dedicated
to people with quadriplegic disability. Resin exploits two interaction
channels, head movements and the shape of the vocal tract, detected
through the corresponding acoustic resonances, to control musical
performance parameters. The structure of the instrument is dis-
cussed, from both the hardware and software points of view. Feature
extraction algorithms for both channels are explained, particularly
focusing on the vocal tract resonances interaction paradigm
A Dimension Space for the Evaluation of Accessible Digital Musical Instruments
No full textResearch on Accessible Digital Musical Instruments (ADMIs) has received growing attention over the past decades, carving out an increasingly large space in the literature. Despite the recent publication of state-of-the-art review works, there are still few systematic studies on ADMIs design analysis. In this paper we propose a formal tool to explore the main design aspects of ADMIs based on Dimension Space Analysis, a well established methodology in the NIME literature which allows to generate an effective visual representation of the design space. We therefore propose a set of relevant dimensions, which are based both on categories proposed in recent works in the research context, and on original contributions. We then proceed to demonstrate its applicability by selecting a set of relevant case studies, and analyzing a sample set of ADMIs found in the literature
Hands-Free Accessible Digital Musical Instruments: Conceptual Framework, Challenges, and Perspectives
No full textExponential increases of available computational resources, miniaturization, and sensors, are enabling the development of digital musical instruments that use non-conventional interaction paradigms and interfaces. This scenario opens up new opportunities and challenges in the creation of accessible instruments to include persons with disabilities into music practice. This work focuses in particular on instruments dedicated to people who can not use limbs, for whom the only means for musical expression are the voice and a small number of traditional instruments. First, a modular and adaptable conceptual framework is discussed for the design of accessible digital musical instruments targeted at performers with motor impairments. Physical interaction channels available from the neck upwards (head, mouth, eyes, brain) are analyzed in terms of potential and limitations for musical interaction. Second, a systematic survey of previously developed instruments is presented: each is analyzed in terms of design choices, physical interaction channels and related sensors, mapping strategies, performer interface and feedback. As a result of this survey, several open research directions are discussed, including the use of unconventional interaction channels, musical control mappings, multisensory feedback, design, evaluation, and adaptation
Epidemiological study (2006-2012) on the poisoning of small animals by human and veterinary drugs
No full textA retrospective study was conducted on the exposure of dogs and cats to drugs, reported to the Poison Control Centre of Milan (Centro Antiveleni di Milano (CAV)) between January 2006 and December 2012. Calls related to drugs for human use and veterinary drugs accounted for 23.7 per cent of total inquiries (1415) received by CAV and mostly involved dogs (70 per cent of enquiries). Exposure to drugs for human use accounted for 79 per cent of cases involving dogs, whereas veterinary drugs were the main culprit (77 per cent) in the case of cats. The most common class of drugs for human use proved to be CNS drugs (26.8 per cent), followed by NSAIDs (19.6 per cent) and cardiovascular and endocrine drugs (12.9 per cent each). The majority of calls (95.2 per cent) related to veterinary drugs involved dogs and cats exposed to parasiticides. The outcome was reported in only 58.2 per cent of cases, and fatal poisoning accounted for 8.7 per cent of these cases. Epidemiological data from this Italian survey provide useful information on animal exposure to drugs. The knowledge of agents involved in poisoning episodes can help veterinarians make the correct diagnosis and institute preventive measures to possibly reduce animal exposure to drugs
Cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, and epatiti c virus infections and breastfeeding: the states of the art
No full textAnimal poisoning data from poison control centre : A tool for risk communication
No full textIn our previously published data we showed that PBDEs act as endocrine disruptors in ovarian follicles by altering steroid secretion.In this study we try to answer a question if BDE-47 and its hydroxylated metabolites (5-OH-BDE-47 and 6-OH-BDE-47) can act as endocrine disruptors in the ovary by changing the expression of the steroid nuclear receptors, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and beta (ERβ), androgen receptor (AR), and receptors associated with the metabolism of xenobiotics and steroid hormones, constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and pregnane X-receptor (PXR), in porcine ovarian follicles. Expression of mRNA was evaluated by real-time PCR, whereas protein level by western blotting.CAR and PXR mRNAs were not expressed in porcine ovarian follicular cells. BDE-47 and its hydroxylated metabolites had no effect on the expression of AR mRNA and protein. Decreased expression of ERβ mRNA and protein under BDE-47 influence and increase both ERα and ERβ gene and protein expression in cells exposed to hydroxylated metabolites was noted. These findings indicate that BDE-47, by altering the ratio of ERα to ERβ toward ERα, and the hydroxylated metabolites of BDE-47, by increase estrogen receptors expression, may result in excessive ovarian exposure to estrogens
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