83 research outputs found
Effects of dietary fat modulation on adipose gene expression following ad libitum and calorie-restricted diets in golden syrian hamsters
No full textDietary fat has been a matter of debate for the raising rate of obesity in the last decades which lead to low-fat and reduce energy recommendation. However, emerging evidences suggest that macronutrient composition role in weight reduction is inconclusive. Therefore, the objective of this study is to determine the effects of fatty acids modulation on weight changes, lipid profiles and adipose gene expression following weight gain and weight loss state. Golden Syrian hamsters (n=90) were randomly assigned to one of the six diet groups that comprise of lauric-myristic acid based diets(60%LM, 45%LM, 30%LM), palmitic acid based diets (45%PA, 30%PA) or a low fat based diet (21%control) with varying percent of energy from fat. Following 7 weeks of ad libitum diets, 48 hamsters were sacrificed while the remaining 42 were reassigned into 4 diet groups (60%LM, 45%PA, 30%PA and 21%control), and were fed calorie-restricted diets for 7 weeks with 40% less in total calories as compared to ad libitum phase. Weight changes were recorded, fasting plasma lipid profiles (TC, HDL-C, non-HDLC and TG) were measured and adipose mRNA were obtained and measured for expression levels of 5 lipogenic and lipolytic genes (SREBP-1c, LPL, FAS, PPARɣ, and HSL). Results showed that magnitute of weight changes dependent on the amount of calories consumed and calories restriction result in similar weight loss regardless of the diet groups. Lauric-myristic rich diets at 60 and 45% of fat from total calories results in elevation in TC, non-HDL and TAG following ad libitum diets, but were not significantly difference when TC/HDLC ratio is taken into consideration. Calorie restriction result in significant improvement in lipid profiles in all diet groups. PPARɣ were down-regulated following ad libitum feeding in diet groups containing \u3e45% fat but were up-regulated in others. Adipogenic genes (LPL, FAS) were down-regulated as compared to 21% control in a pattern consistent with energy consumption and weight changes. Different pattern of gene expression levels suggest that there were different metabolic activities exist at different energy levels from fat, saturated fatty acid compositions and during weight gain and weight loss phases
Multifaceted Nutritional Intervention In Hemodialysis Patients
No full textMortality rate in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD) in the United States remain unacceptably high despite improvement in dialysis technology. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) account for more than 50% of the premature death in this population. Evidences indicate that the accelerated CVD are attributed to by malnutrition, inflammation, dyslipidemia and oxidative stress. Dietary intervention using nutrients with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and potential lipid altering properties to correct the aforementioned problems remain inconclusive. Furthermore, such nutritional intervention trial is often hampered by poor compliance related to medical and socioeconomic barriers. Therefore, a series of randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trials were undertaken to document the technical feasibility of `directly observed treatment\u27 and the global impact of several nutrients namely omega-3 and vitamin E tocotrienols on nutritional and oxidative indicators, inflammatory markers and lipid profiles in a cohort of chronic HD patients.
The objective of the first study was to evaluate the impact of omega-3 plus liquid protein supplement on serum albumin, plasma lipids and other indicator of nutrition and inflammation. markers. The study recruited 63 subjects and they were randomized into placebo+protein (n=32) and omega-3+protein (n=31) groups. The two intervention groups received 30mL of a liquid protein plus 2.4g omega-3 or placebo, three times per week after their routine dialysis session for 6 months. Directly observed nutritional supplement resulted in significant improvement in the LDLC/HDLC ratio in the omega-3 group as compared to the placebo group (P=0.043). In the omega-3 group, serum albumin was also marginally higher after 6 months as compared to the baseline (P=0.07). The observed increase in CRP levels in the placebo group over 6 months was not apparent in the omega-3 group, although there was no significant difference between groups. NFκB, MIS, nPNA, BMI and hemoglobin were unaffected by the intervention. Therefore, it is conclude that `directly observed treatment\u27 with an omega-3 based supplement (as opposed to a pure protein supplement) showed beneficial effects on lipid profile, and CRP levels. Further studies using a combination of outpatient and inpatient `directly observed treatment\u27 is warranted.
Given a proven feasibility of directly observed treatment in the first study, we conducted a second study using tocotrienol rich fractions (TRF) by incorporating the same design to maximize compliance but with additional take home supplements. Vitamin E tocotrienols have been reported to confer anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and a potential of lipid altering benefits in vitro, in vivo and in some other clinical population. However, the impact of this nutrient in HD population is unknown. Subjects were provided daily with capsules containing either vitamin E tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) (180 mg tocotrienols, 40 mg tocopherols) or placebo (0.48 mg tocotrienols, 0.88 mg tocopherols). For the results, TRF supplementation did not impact any nutritional, inflammatory, or oxidative status biomarkers over time when compared with the baseline within the group (one-way repeated measures analysis of variance) or when compared with the placebo group at a particular time point (independent t-test). However, the TRF supplemented group showed improvement in lipid profiles after 12 and 16 weeks of intervention when compared with placebo at the respective time points. Normalized plasma triacylglycerols (cf baseline) in the TRF group was reduced by 33 mg/dL (P=0.032) and 36 mg/dL (P=0.072) after 12 and 16 weeks of intervention but no significant improvement was seen in the placebo group. Similarly, normalized plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was higher (P\u3c0,05) in the TRF group as compared with placebo at both week 12 and week 16. The changes in the TRF group at week 12 and week 16 were associated with higher plasma apolipoprotein A1 concentration (P\u3c0.02) and lower cholesteryl-ester transfer protein activity (P\u3c0.001). As a conclusion, TRF supplementation improved lipid profiles in the study of maintenance HD patients. A multi-centered trial is warranted to confirm these observations.
Finally, following a positive impact of TRF supplementation on lipid profiles, we undertook a metabolomics approach to investigate whether the TRF supplementation lead to overall changes in patients\u27 metabolomics profile and whether the observed changes in plasma lipids correlates with their metabolomics profile. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA), there was a separation pattern between the TRF and placebo groups at week-12. After applying partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), there was a clear separation between the two groups indicating different metabolomics profiles. In addition, metabolomics profile in both TRF and placebo group was correlated with inflammatory markers and lipid profiles suggesting that some plasma metabolite could predict/ responsible for the changes in lipid profiles and inflammatory markers
Are nonsignificant differences between SFAs and oleic acid truly indicative of equality or masked by methodologic errors?
No full textDietary factors and sleep quality among hemodialysis oatients in Malaysia
No full textObjectives: Poor sleep quality is a commonly seen problem in hemodialysis patients. This study investigated the associations between dietary factors and sleep quality among hemodialysis patients. Design and Methods:This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 184 eligible hemodialysis patients at four dialysis units in Malaysia. Three days dietary recall were used in the analysis of dietary intake and behavior. Sleep quality was assessed through Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Results: More than half of the patients were poor sleepers. Among the sleep components, sleep latency affected patients the most, with the use of sleep medications was relatively low. A majority of the patients had inadequate dietary intake of energy (88%) and protein (75%). Dietary protein, potassium adjusted for body weight, and sodium intake were significantly increased in poor sleepers. Lower percentage of energy from carbohydrates; higher percentage of energy from fats; higher intakes of dietary protein, fat, phosphorus, and sodium were correlated with poorer sleep quality and its components. Skipping dinner on non-dialysis days and having supper on dialysis days were associated with poor sleep quality. Conclusion: Poor sleep is prevalent among hemodialysis patients. Sleep quality of hemodialysis patients was highly associated with certain dietary factors. Periodical assessment of sleep quality and dietary intake is necessary to identify poor sleepers with inappropriate dietary intake to allow effective clinical and nutritional interventions to improve the sleep quality and nutritional status of these patients
Review on potential therapeutic effect of Morinda citrifolia L.
No full textMorinda citrifolia L. is traditionally being used as medicinal herb in Polynesia. Previous studies have reported that this plant can be used as a medicinal plant to prevent and cure several diseases. In this paper, recent research regarding the potential therapeutic effect of M. citrifolia is reviewed. This plant includes broad range of therapeutic effect such as anti-diabetic effects, antibacterial activity, anti-cancer and antioxidant activity. The presence of antioxidant properties and phenolic compound in M. citrifolia were demonstrated as anti-diabetic effects and antibacterial agents, respectively. Besides, M. citrifolia act as anti-cancer properties because it enhanced the host of immune system. The primary aim of this paper is to review available information on potential therapeutic effects and nutritional advances related to M. citrifolia
Effects of formulated Nigerian yellow maize, soybean, and crayfish blends on some growth performance and physiological status
No full textAbstract In order to develop adequate complementary foods (CFs) to improve infant and young child feeding, the inclusion of animal source foods (ASFs) into plant-based foods (PBFs) is paramount. Unfortunately, the incorporation of ASFs into PBFs to formulate adequate CFs was infrequent in the developing countries, especially Nigeria. Yet, few CFs that were formulated by this strategy lacked adequate studies. This study investigated the compositional quality of CFs formulated from Nigerian yellow maize flour (MF), yellow maize + soybean flour (MSF), yellow maize + soybean + crayfish flour (MSCF), and commercial fortified wheat milk flour (FWMF) and their impact on the growth performance and physiological status of Sprague Dawley rats (SDRs). Compositional quality of CFs and their effects on the health status of SDRs were assessed. MSCF had higher protein and ash contents, its sulphur amino acids content was about 132% higher than that of MSF and astaxanthin was detected only in it. Determined antinutrients much reduced in MSCF compared with other CFs. The body weight gain (23.75 g) in yellow maize + soybean + crayfish diet (MSCD) group was significantly higher than other diet groups, whilst the value of protein efficiency ratio (2.59), feed efficiency ratio (0.30) in MSCD group was nominally higher compared with other groups. Better improvement in some of the biochemical and haematological parameters were observed in MSCD group compared with other groups, but no signs of illness, infection, and organ damage were seen in all the groups. The current study proved that crayfish could be used in a dietary modification to produce an adequate CF that potentiates improved growth performance and positive health outcomes in animals. Graphical Abstrac
Effects of cocoa polyphenols and dark chocolate on obese adults: a scoping review
No full textObesity remains a major public health problem due to its increasing prevalence. Natural products have become common as adjunct therapeutic agents for treating obesity and preventing metabolic diseases. Cocoa and its products are commonly consumed worldwide. Dark chocolate, a rich source of polyphenols, has received attention lately for its beneficial role in the management of obesity; however, conflicting results are still being reported. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the existing literature on the relationship and effects of cocoa and dark chocolate intake among obese adults. We searched multiple databases for research investigating the consumption of cocoa and/or dark chocolate in managing obesity among adults. This review includes epidemiological and human studies that were published in English over the last 10 years. Our review of the current literature indicates that epidemiological and human trials with obese adults have shown inconsistent results, which may be due to the different populations of subjects, and different types of cocoa products and doses used for intervention. Studies among obese adults are mainly focusing on obese individuals with comorbidities, as such more studies are needed to elucidate the role of cocoa polyphenols in weight control and preventing the risk of chronic diseases among obese individuals without comorbidities as well as healthy individuals. Careful adjustment of confounding factors would be required. The effects of cocoa and dark chocolate intake on obese adults were discussed, and further research is warranted to identify the gaps
Effect of perioperative immunonutrition intervention among gynecological cancer patients: A systematic review
No full textBackground: Gynecologic cancer (GC) patients often experience systemic inflammation, malnutrition, and compromised postoperative outcomes. This systematic review aims to comprehensively synthesize existing data regarding the impact of perioperative immunonutrition (IMN) intervention on GC patients.
Methods: The databases of CENTRAL, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library were used to conduct a literature search, supplemented by internet search engines and manual searches. Publications released between January 2009 and October 2023 was identified, reviewed, and data extracted.
Results: The review encompasses six studies involving 712 patients, comprising two randomized controlled trials (RCTs), two prospective studies, and two retrospective cohort studies. Three studies prescribed IMN perioperatively; two pre-operatively and one post-operatively. Four out of six studies reported less post-operative infection and complications. Two studies reported shorter hospitalization using the IMN formula. One study reported a longer hospitalization with IMN supplementation. Overall survival showed no significant difference in the two studies. Four studies reported positive modulation of inflammatory markers and lymphocytes as outcomes, with IMN formulas.
Discussion and conclusion: Perioperative IMN emerge as a promising intervention, demonstrating notable benefits included shortened hospitalization as well and positive modulation of inflammatory markers
Perception and belief of dietary intake among newly diagnosed with gynaecologic cancer in Malaysia: a qualitative study
No full textBackground: Gynaecologic cancers (GC) experience unintentional weight loss and inadequate oral intake even before treatment. Cancer patients are at risk of accessing inaccurate advice and misleading information due to the prevalence of misinformation regarding nutrition and cancer in the media. This study aimed to obtain a comprehensive understanding of the perception and belief of dietary intake among newly diagnosed with GC in Malaysia. Methods: We conducted in-depth qualitative interviews with 12 GC respondents from three major ethnicities and continued until the saturation point was reached. A semi-structured interview guide is employed. The interviews were audio recorded and verbally transcribed. Thematic analysis with theoretical saturation was applied to data analysis. Results: The majority of patients interviewed reported that they made dietary modifications following their GC diagnosis, such as healthy eating, and began taking supplements. Their belief and perception of dietary intake were influenced by the impact of diagnosis, uncertainty, and fear of cancer progression and empowerment through nutrition. The cultural influence and access to resources and information might affect their dietary intake. There was evidence of navigating information overload from various sources after newly diagnosed GC. They felt a dilemma in food choices, balancing emotional and nutritional needs. The multidisciplinary support systems and healthcare delivery approach were useful. Discussion and conclusion: The perception and belief of dietary intake among newly diagnosed with GC in Malaysia is diverse and can vary greatly depending on individual experiences, beliefs, and situations. They may attempt to restore some control over their health in the face of a cancer diagnosis. All respondents admitted that they changed to a healthy diet after being diagnosed with GC. The healthcare profession might benefit from current qualitative research to better understand more patients and increase the quality of oncology dietetic service and decision-making. Hence, effective dietary interventions and support strategies could be established for this population
- …
