14 research outputs found
Bi-directional screening of tuberculosis patients for type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetes patients for tuberculosis in Bhubaneswar, Odisha
No full textBackground: The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility and results of screening diabetes mellitus (DM) patients for tuberculosis (TB) and TB patients for DM within the routine health care settings. Methods: Prospective observational study was carried out within the Diabetes Centre and TB division from June, 2014 to June, 2016. The screening for active TB in DM and DM in TB patients is followed as per the guidelines of the revised national tuberculosis control programme and national programmes in India. Results: 350 patients with active TB disease were screened for diabetes during the study period. Among the TB patients, 28% patients were having pre-diabetes and 17% patients were having diabetes. Both the conditions, pre-Diabetes or diabetes, were more common among males, married patients, advancing age, having less education, no specific job, sedentary life style, smoking / drinking, living in crowded areas, poor living conditions as well as unhygienic environment. 350 patients with diabetes were screened for TB in which 8 (2.2%) patients found to have TB. The various socio-demographic factors appeared to be significant factors. RBG levels, cholesterol and triglycerides were raised among most of the diabetes patients. Age, male gender and Cat-I status appeared to be significant factors among patients having both conditions The incidence of TB among T2DM patients is less than that reported from other regions. Conclusions: Bi-directional screening of TB patients for DM and DM patients for active TB leads to earlier detection of DM as well as TB, better TB-specific treatment, favourable outcome for TB as well as DM and prevention of DM complications. This study is the first of its kind in this State. </jats:p
Drug susceptibility testing and line probe assay of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs among presumptive tuberculosis patients attending a secondary care hospital in Bhubaneswar
No full textBackground:
Pyrazinamide (PZA) is important for identification in multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis patients before starting therapy. PZA drug susceptibility testing (DST) is essential for the management of drug-resistant and susceptible TB patients.
Aims:
The degree of drug resistance among TB patients and discrepancy between DST results of the phenotype and genotype were assessed.
Materials and Methods:
Socio-demographic and clinical profiles of TB patients recruited in the study were documented. Sputum samples were processed for diagnosis using TrueNat Xpert MTB, TrueNat Xpert MTB Plus, and MGIT culture.
Results:
Rifampicin (RIF) line probe assay (LPA) showed the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 100%, whereas isoniazid (INH) LPA testing showed a sensitivity of 85.7%, a specificity and PPV of 100%, and NPV of 94.8%. The gene mutation for RIF resistance was between the codon, 530–533 of rpoB gene, and that for INH resistance was at the codon, 315 of katG gene.
Conclusion:
Our findings demonstrated high prevalence of mono- and poly-drug resistance as well as pyrazinamide resistance
Prevalence, risk factors and health seeking behaviour of pulmonary tuberculosis in four tribal dominated districts of Odisha: Comparison with studies in other regions of India
No full textAimTo determine the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis, socio-cultural practices and health seeking behaviour of tribal people in four districts of Odisha.MethodologyThis was an action research study with qualitative and quantitative design following a sequential approach implemented in a 4-phased manner. It was carried out in the 6 selected villages from July,2015 to June,2017. The screening for active TB among chest symptomatics is followed as per the guidelines of the (RNTCP) Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program in India.ResultsIn all, 1455 households were surveyed in the 6 tribal dominated villages of 4 districts, namely Balangir, Dhenkanal, Kandhamal and Mayurbhanj. Total population of the villages was 6681. Based on the eligibility, 5144 (97.7%) individuals were screened. About 139 (2.3%) could not be screened due to non-availability in their households during day time. Out of the screened individuals (5144), 126 chest symptomatics were identified. Sputum samples were collected from them and sent to the National Reference Laboratory, RMRC, Bhubaneswar using public transport and maintaining cold chain. Out of 126 chest symptomatics, 35 patients were found to be having active TB disease and 18 were culture positive. The prevalence of pulmonary TB is 0.68%. The risk factors seemed to be ignorance about TB symptoms, addiction to alcoholic drinks, difficulty reaching the health facilities owing to the long distances, lack of communication and transport. In addition, other morbidities like Malaria, diabetes, hypertension, malnutrition, etc. were observed in the tribes of the study sites.ConclusionTB control programs need further strengthening in the tribal dominated regions. This study is the first of its kind in this State.</div
HIV-TB Co-Infection among Clients Attending an Integrated Counselling & Testing Centre at Agra: Comparison with Studies in other Regions of India
No full textINCIDENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF TUBERCULOSIS AMONG PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS ATTENDING A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN BHUBANESWAR, ODISHA
Get PDFBackground: Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Tuberculosis (TB) often manifest together leading to complications at various levels.
Methods: In this prospective study, we determined the incidence of TB among 1200 patients with type 2 diabetes attending the Capital Hospital of Bhubaneswar. Various socio-demographic factors like age, gender, marital status, literacy status, locality, habits, etc. and clinical profile were assessed.
Results: Out of 1200 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, only 13 were having active TB disease, the incidence being 1.08%. Further, 12 were having pulmonary TB. More males with advancing age and sedentary life style were having Diabetes. About 23% of patients had familial history, high BMI levels, hypertension, high FBG levels, cholesterol and triglyceride levels. 30% of T2DM patients were having metabolic syndrome. In our study, age, literacy status, occupation, life style, familial history, habits and stress appeared to be significant risk factors among patients with diabetes. The HbA1C levels were higher among 51% of the diabetes patients. It was observed that while 84% of the patients were taking oral hypoglycemic drugs only 8% were taking Insulin injections. These patients were addicted to either smoking, drinking alcohol and/or chewing tobacco / gutka. The HbA1C levels were higher among 69% of the DM-TB patients indicating poorer glycemic control which is a proven risk factor for TBDM co-morbidity.
Conclusions: Screening for DM in TB patients could improve case detection of diabetes and early treatment, which in turn will lead to better TB-specific treatment outcomes and prevention of diabetes related complications
Depicts some common diseases prevalent in the study sites.
No full textDepicts some common diseases prevalent in the study sites.</p
Shows the comparative studies on prevalence of TB among tribals in different regions of India.
No full textShows the comparative studies on prevalence of TB among tribals in different regions of India.</p
Latent Tuberculosis Infection among Household Contacts of Tuberculosis Patients, Healthcare Workers, and Tuberculosis Patients Using QuantiFERON-tuberculosis Gold Plus and Tuberculin Skin Test in a Tertiary Care Hospital Setting Bhubaneswar, Odisha – A Cross-sectional Study
No full textIntroduction:
Contacts of tuberculosis (TB) patients have an increased risk of latent TB infection (LTBI). Currently, it is diagnosed using one of the two methods: Tuberculin skin test (TST) or QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus. This study aims to estimate the concordance of TST and QFT-TB Gold Plus and associated factors among 73 healthcare workers (HCWs) and 172 household contacts (HHCs) who came in contact with active TB patients. This study was conducted from January to June 2023.
Methods:
Prevalence and agreement were calculated. A regression analysis was performed to assess the predictors of discordance factors.
Results:
The prevalence of latent TB was 20.40% (n = 50), defined as a positive result on either test. The overall agreement among participants was 62.04%, with a kappa coefficient of 0.26 (0.16–0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]) (McNemar, P < 0.001). A higher risk of LTBI was associated with BCG vaccination history, odd ratio 1.63, (95% CI 0.78–3.43) for TST and 0.51 (95% CI 0.22–1.15) for QFT, but this was not significant. Moreover, in our study, only the body mass index of 18.5–25 kg/m2 yielded an odds ratio of 2.33 (95%CI 0.77–6.47) for TST and 1.72 (95% CI 0.48–6.05) for QFT, was significant. Compared with QFT-TB Gold Plus, the sensitivity and specificity of TST were 80.65 (68.63–89.58) and 55.74 (48.22–63.06).
Conclusion:
TST exhibited a profound level of agreement with the QFT-Gold Plus assay but showed a higher rate of positivity due to some associated factors among HCWs, HHCs, and TB patients
The schematic presentation of the study carried out in phases.
No full textThe schematic presentation of the study carried out in phases.</p
