9 research outputs found
Addressing Technical Failures in a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program [Response to Letter]
No full textIan Gerard Brennan,1,* Stephen R Kelly,1,* Edel McBride,2 Darragh Garrahy,1 Robert Acheson,2 Joanne Harmon,2 Shane McMahon,2 David J Keegan,1 Helen Kavanagh,1 Louise O’Toole2 1Diabetic RetinaScreen, National Screening Service, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland; 2Diabetic Retinal Screening Service, NEC Care, Cork City, Co. Cork, Ireland*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Louise O’Toole, NEC Care, Matthew House-3rd Floor, Fr Matthew Street, Cork City, Co. Cork, T12 TN56, Ireland, Email [email protected]
Addressing Technical Failures in a Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Program
No full textIan Gerard Brennan,1,* Stephen R Kelly,1,* Edel McBride,2 Darragh Garrahy,1 Robert Acheson,2 Joanne Harmon,2 Shane McMahon,2 David J Keegan,1 Helen Kavanagh,1 Louise O’Toole2 1Diabetic RetinaScreen, National Screening Service, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland; 2Diabetic Retinal Screening Service, NEC Care, Cork City, Co. Cork, Ireland*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Louise O’Toole, NEC Care, Matthew House-3rd Floor, Fr Matthew Street, Cork City, Co. Cork, T12 TN56, Ireland, Email [email protected]: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a preventable cause of blindness detectable through screening using retinal digital photography. The Irish National Diabetic Retina Screening (DRS) programme, Diabetic RetinaScreen, provides free screening services to patients with diabetes from aged 12 years and older. A technical failure (TF) occurs when digital retinal imaging is ungradable, resulting in delays in the diagnosis and treatment of sight-threatening disease. Despite their impact, the causes of TFs, and indeed the utility of interventions to prevent them, have not been extensively examined.Aim: Primary analysis aimed to identify factors associated with TF. Secondary analysis examined a subset of cases, assessing patient data from five time points between 2019 and 2021 to identify photographer/patient factors associated with TF.Methods: Patient data from the DRS database for one provider were extracted for analysis between 2018 and 2022. Information on patient demographics, screening results, and other factors previously associated with TF were analyzed. Primary analysis involved using mixed-effects logistic regression models with nested patient-eye random effects. Secondary analysis reviewed a subset of cases in detail, checking for causes of TF.Results: The primary analysis included a total of 366,528 appointments from 104,407 patients over 5 years. Most patients had Type 2 diabetes (89.2%), and the overall TF rate was 4.9%. Diabetes type and duration, dilate pupil status, and the presence of lens artefacts on the camera were significantly associated with TF. The Secondary analysis identified the primary cause of TF was found to be optically dense cataracts, accounting for over half of the TFs.Conclusion: This study provides insight into the causes of TF within the Irish DRS program, highlighting cataracts as the primary contributing factor. The identification of patient-level factors associated with TF facilitates appropriate interventions that can be put in place to improve patient outcomes and minimize delays in treatment and diagnosis.Keywords: ungradable image, cataract, screen failure, camera, retinal photograph
The utility of PET-CT in baseline and sequential characterisation of Pulmonary Pleomorphic Carcinoma
No full textPulmonary Pleomorphic Carcinomas (PPCs) represent a rare and aggressive subtype of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) that can only be definitively diagnosed on a surgical specimen. This study utilised PET-CT to evaluate radiological characteristics of PPCs.
This study retrospectively evaluated the radiological characteristics of PCCs diagnosed in St James’s Hospital Dublin between 2012-2023. Computed Tomography (CT) and Positron Emission Tomography (FDG-PET) imaging features (size, location, density, shape, invasion, and growth kinetics) and standard uptake value for each lesion were evaluated.
39 PCCs were identified with a mean age of 66.5 years (range: 49-82 years). FDG-PET was performed in all 39 cases. Tumours demonstrated a high FDG uptake at baseline with a mean (SUV) of 12.6 (range: 1.4 - 36.9). A second interval PET-CT on average 3.3 months after the first in 3 cases demonstrated over 120% increase in SUV. The mean tumour size was 4.3 cm (range: 1.0 - 14.5 cm). Tumours developed rapid interval growth, reaching a mean maximum diameter of 6.6 cm (53.4%) within a mean of 2.1 months. Tumours were predominantly located in the upper lobe (71.8 %) and displayed necrotic features in 53.8 % of cases. 82.1% of tumours invaded the mediastinum.
This study describes the largest cohort of Pulmonary Pleomorphic Carcinoma in the literature. Tumours demonstrate a high SUV on baseline imaging and demonstrate rapid growth on interval imaging and central necrosis.
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The factors influencing the effective early career and rapid transition to a nursing specialty in differing contexts of practice: a modified Delphi consensus study
No full text(c) The Author/s 2019Objectives:
This study aimed to test and further develop the ‘Early Career and Rapid Transition to a Nursing Specialty’ (TRANSPEC) model to a nursing specialty developed from a systematic review. Semi-structured interviews of specialist clinically based nurses and a consensus Delphi study with an expert panel were used to expand and achieve consensus, agreement, reliability and stability of the model.
Design:
A modified Delphi, two rounds (64 and 52 Likert items) of reiterative online questionnaires and one round as a nominal group technique, was informed by qualitative thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews.
Setting and participants:
Interviews with 14 specialists clinical practicing registered nurses and a panel of 25 national experts participated in the Delphi study.
Results:
The interview participants experienced 14 rapid transitions and three were early career transition. The overarching themes from the preliminary model were confirmed and further expanded. These were the self (personal and professional); the transition processes (final and informal); a sense of belonging; and the overarching context of practice over a time continuum. In the Delphi, the highest rating item was ‘Specialty work colleagues respect, include, support, and accept specialist nurse on completion of transition processes’. Pre-entry was highlighted as an important time point prior to transition. All items reaching consensus were included in the final model. Cronbach α increased from 0.725 to 0.875 for the final model.
Conclusions:
The TRANSPEC model is a valid and reliable evidence-based tool for use in the career pathway and development of nursing specialists. Using the Benner model ‘Novice to Expert’ after the novice incomer phase is achieved, further lifelong learning development will transform the novice specialist over time continuum
From incomer to insider: The development of the TRANSPEC model - A systematic review of the factors influencing the effective rapid and early career TRANsition to a nursing SPECiality in differing contexts of practice
No full text(c) The Author/sObjective
Shortages in the speciality nursing workforce, both nationally and internationally are driving the need for the development of an evidence-based model to inform recruitment and retention into speciality nursing practice. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing rapid and early career transition into speciality nursing practice.
Methods
A comprehensive systematic review of the literature was undertaken using a convergent qualitative synthesis design where results from qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies were transformed into qualitative findings. Databases included CINAHL, Medline, Scopus and PsycINFO. Search terms were: nurse, early career, rapid career, transition, specialty, and Medical Subject Heading terms included: professional development and educational, nursing, and continuing. Using validated tools, papers were independently assessed by a minimum of two reviewers.
Results
Twenty-three research articles were included. There were no randomized control trials. Through thematic analysis and matrix mapping of the results, the TRANSPEC model was developed. The model outlines three phases of transition: pre-entry, incomer and insider. There has been little focus on pre-entry with programs being designed at the incomer and insider phases. Impacting on these phases are three concepts: the self (professional and personal), the transition processes (informal and formal) and a sense of belonging. The overarching theme influencing the phases and concepts is the context of practice. Enablers and inhibitors influence successful transition and therefore impact on recruitment and retention. Each nurse’s transition is influenced by time.
Conclusions
For successful transition, the enablers and inhibitors impacting on the three concepts, phases and the context of practice need to be considered when developing any program. It is apparent that while previous studies have focused on the transition processes, such as curricula, the development of the self and a sense of belonging are also essential to successful transition. Further studies should include the pre-entry phase
From incomer to insider: The development of the TRANSPEC model – A systematic review of the factors influencing the effective rapid and early career TRANsition to a nursing SPECiality in differing contexts of practice
No full textObjective Shortages in the speciality nursing workforce, both nationally and internationally are driving the need for the development of an evidence-based model to inform recruitment and retention into speciality nursing practice. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing rapid and early career transition into speciality nursing practice. Methods A comprehensive systematic review of the literature was undertaken using a convergent qualitative synthesis design where results from qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies were transformed into qualitative findings. Databases included CINAHL, Medline, Scopus and PsycINFO. Search terms were: nurse, early career, rapid career, transition, specialty, and Medical Subject Heading terms included: professional development and educational, nursing, and continuing. Using validated tools, papers were independently assessed by a minimum of two reviewers. Results Twenty-three research articles were included. There were no randomized control trials. Through thematic analysis and matrix mapping of the results, the TRANSPEC model was developed. The model outlines three phases of transition: pre-entry, incomer and insider. There has been little focus on pre-entry with programs being designed at the incomer and insider phases. Impacting on these phases are three concepts: the self (professional and personal), the transition processes (informal and formal) and a sense of belonging. The overarching theme influencing the phases and concepts is the context of practice. Enablers and inhibitors influence successful transition and therefore impact on recruitment and retention. Each nurse’s transition is influenced by time. Conclusions For successful transition, the enablers and inhibitors impacting on the three concepts, phases and the context of practice need to be considered when developing any program. It is apparent that while previous studies have focused on the transition processes, such as curricula, the development of the self and a sense of belonging are also essential to successful transition. Further studies should include the pre-entry phase. © 2019 Hegney et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
From incomer to insider: The development of the TRANSPEC model – A systematic review of the factors influencing the effective rapid and early career TRANsition to a nursing SPECiality in differing contexts of practice
No full textObjective Shortages in the speciality nursing workforce, both nationally and internationally are driving the need for the development of an evidence-based model to inform recruitment and retention into speciality nursing practice. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing rapid and early career transition into speciality nursing practice. Methods A comprehensive systematic review of the literature was undertaken using a convergent qualitative synthesis design where results from qualitative, quantitative and mixed methods studies were transformed into qualitative findings. Databases included CINAHL, Medline, Scopus and PsycINFO. Search terms were: nurse, early career, rapid career, transition, specialty, and Medical Subject Heading terms included: professional development and educational, nursing, and continuing. Using validated tools, papers were independently assessed by a minimum of two reviewers. Results Twenty-three research articles were included. There were no randomized control trials. Through thematic analysis and matrix mapping of the results, the TRANSPEC model was developed. The model outlines three phases of transition: pre-entry, incomer and insider. There has been little focus on pre-entry with programs being designed at the incomer and insider phases. Impacting on these phases are three concepts: the self (professional and personal), the transition processes (informal and formal) and a sense of belonging. The overarching theme influencing the phases and concepts is the context of practice. Enablers and inhibitors influence successful transition and therefore impact on recruitment and retention. Each nurse’s transition is influenced by time. Conclusions For successful transition, the enablers and inhibitors impacting on the three concepts, phases and the context of practice need to be considered when developing any program. It is apparent that while previous studies have focused on the transition processes, such as curricula, the development of the self and a sense of belonging are also essential to successful transition. Further studies should include the pre-entry phase. © 2019 Hegney et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited
Endslate 2024 QUT Film, Screen & Animation Students
No full textThis evening celebrates the work of the 2024 film, animation and music studios efforts in their creation of various short films and creative works. Over the course of the year, these students have worked collaboratively to produce original ideas that will transport you into far away worlds, or perhaps deeper into the realities that surround us. These studios have combined all of their high-level technical skills with all of the teamwork, adaptability, resilience and enthusiasm required to make these outcomes possible.
Animated Films:
The Kwala Project
The videos tell a three-part story featuring the protagonist, Jerral, who lives a peaceful but mundane life on their island. One day, a small star falls from the sky, and Jerral is gifted with a suit that grants the ability to fly. With this newfound freedom, Jerral soars through the skies until a large meteor descends on their home. Using all their strength, Jerral fights back until the meteor is flung away with such force that it is sent off-course, ultimately protecting their home.
A THOMAS PHAM PRODUCTION DIRECTED BY CHARLIZE GO PRODUCED BY THOMAS PHAM MUSIC COMPOSER THOMAS PHAM WITH CONCEPT ARTISTS JIATONG LI AND XINYU LI ANIMATORS CHARLIZE GO AND JIATONG LI AND XINYU LI
Perchance To Dream
mid the devastation of the Black Death, two weary grim reapers, Mortimer and Todd, take a rare lunch break in the shadowed alleys of plague-ridden Paris. While Mortimer stoically accepts his grim duties, Todd wrestles with doubts, yearning for something beyond endless work. When Jean, a young plague victim, unexpectedly crosses their path, Mortimer and Todd face a poignant choice that challenges their purpose and the boundaries of compassion. In their world of death, a spark of empathy still lingers.
DIRECTED BY AYLA BOUGHEN
VAN DIJK PRODUCED BY DANIEL JOHNSTON AND AYA STANDEN WRITTEN BY DANIEL JOHNSTON AND AYLA BOUGHEN VAN DIJK WITH TECHNICAL DIRECTOR RYVAN TINGGEE
ESCARGOT
n the impressionist era of 1900’s France, Drew, a creative young snail, watches Jaccques Le Borru, a Monet-style painter, struggle to complete his painting. Taking a leap of faith, Drew decides to take matters into his own hands and show Jaccques that true talent and passion for art can reside in anyone - or anything - if only they have the opportunity to try. Will Jaccques and Drew band together to overcome the artblock or... will lunch be served on a Painter’s platter?
WRITTEN AND DIRECTED BY EMMA BENGTSON PRODUCED BY CAYLEN BURGER ANIMATION DIRECTOR NIKITA PETROVA CINEMATOGRAPHER LACHLAN BULLOCK
Films/Documentaries:
Queen’s Land
Queen’s Land is a short documentary
that chronicles the development
of the Brisbane drag scene from
the 1960s to the present, and the
important role that activism has
played in fighting back against police
and political oppression.
DIRECTED BY ELOWYN GAMPE PRODUCED BY E.C
LEWIN WRITTEN BY THEODORE WEST
To Love is Nothing
To Love Is Nothing explores
the evolving nature of love
through diverse perspectives,
highlighting the intricate ways
in which individuals interpret
and experience love. Through
conducting in-depth interviews,
it captures a broad spectrum
of experiences of the varying
dimensions of love, from familial
and platonic to romantic and selflove,
illustrating the profound
impact of love on identity and
relationships. To Love Is Nothing,
fosters a deeper appreciation for
the complexities of love and its
significance in personal growth
and emotional well-being in life.
DIRECTED BY JOE CURTIS PRODUCED
BY CHARLIE JONES WRITTEN BY
GEORGE RISDON
Life After Deaf
Angus McLeod was assaulted in
October 2022 and sustained multiple
injuries including a fractured skull and
vertebrae in his neck, which left him
permanently deaf. His vestibular system
and balance were incredibly impacted,
and he had to learn how to do simple
tasks, such as walking, all over again.
Life After Deaf sits down with Angus
and his family to discuss the initial
incident and the life-changing impact
it had on them all. It then explores the
life he now leads, following him on his
stand-up comedy journey, his new
connection with the deaf community,
and his strong family support system.
DIRECTED BY KAI GIOVANNI PRODUCED
BY PHOEBE McLEOD WRITTEN BY
MACKENZIE BARTLE
The First Hurdle
In the historic suburb of
East Brisbane, a tightknit
community faces an
unprecedented threat: the
proposed demolition of their
beloved park and historic
school to make way for the
2032 Olympics. The First
Hurdle captures the inspiring
journey of the residents as
they unite to preserve their
local heritage and green
spaces.
DIRECTED BY LAUREN STUBBS
PRODUCED BY RHIAN MADGWICK
WRITTEN BY LAUREN ABBOUD
Slow Down, You Crazy Child
Slow Down, You Crazy Child is a
short-form poetic documentary
that invites adults to reconnect
with their inner child, fostering
spiritual healing and personal
growth. Through evocative
visuals and introspective
narration, it explores how these
childhood connections can
transform our perceptions of
ourselves and our relationships.
Slow Down, You Crazy Child, is
a documentary that emphasises
the imperative significance
of embracing this delicate
connection to enhance emotional
well-being and deepen our
understanding of the shared
human experience.
DIRECTED BY AIDEN GANTSCHNIGG
PRODUCED BY CHARLIE JONES
WRITTEN BY FINO CARTER AND
CHARLIE JONES
Second Chances
Bronwen Healy was a drug-addicted
prostitute who achieved redemption after
finding God, and turned her life around to
became a charity CEO and founder, author,
and Australian nominee of the year.
DIRECTED BY STEVEN GUO PRODUCED BY ALEX
MAYALL WRITTEN BY PHOEBE O’SULLIVAN
AND CHRISTIANA SCHWEITZER
Alone in Romania
In Jon McKain: Alone in Romania, we
embark on an intense journey that follows
the gripping life of Brisbane soccer player
Jon McKain. From his childhood dreams
of representing Australia in the Olympic
soccer team to a pivotal moment after his
first season in Romania, this documentary
takes you on an emotional rollercoaster
with immersive re-enactments, found
footage, in-depth interviews, and
shocking news reports. We delve into
the dramatic challenges Jon had to face,
including death threats from passionate
fans and stadium riots as he navigated
a foreign land with a language barrier,
while being apart from his loved ones
back home. Jon McKain: Alone in Romania
is a compelling testament to one man’s
resilience, showcasing his determination
to succeed.
DIRECTED BY LACHLAN SKEATES PRODUCED
BY CASSANDRA HIDDLE WRITTEN BY
OLIVIA EMERY
The Other Thin Line
The Other Thin Line is an
experimental, behind-the-scenes
documentary that seeks to
question how we view art by
documenting the making of art
through an artistic lens.
DIRECTED BY ETHAN GRUBB PRODUCED
BY ANNABELLE DENNIEN WRITTEN BY
THOMAS O’NEIL
FILMS/NARRATIVE
DELIQUENT
Lee has one more day to
prepare his younger brother
Jordan for the scholarship of a
lifetime - Jordan’s ticket out of
their family’s life of abuse and
delinquency. The only problem
is that Jordan wants none of it.
DIRECTED AND WRITTEN BY
MACKENZIE BARTLE PRODUCED BY
MILENA CANTO
FIRST EDITION, SECONDHAND
Reeling from the recent death
of her beloved Aunt Mal and
the mounting pressure from
her overbearing father, 17-yearold
Francesca ‘Frankie’ Wen
Jie Lao is at her breaking
point. Discovering Mal’s prized
comic has been sold, Frankie
falls headfirst into a frenzied
and desperate attempt to get
it back. As her reality shatters
around her she grapples with
understanding what she’s
really clinging to; is this really
just to preserve the memory of
her aunt?
DIRECTED BY ANGEL TAN PRODUCED BY
EMMA MATUSCH WRITTEN BY SARAH
MURRAY AND ELOWYN GAMPE
UNTO DEATH
When ex-partners Rory and Jaime crash
on an isolated rural road, injuring a small
wallaby, they must face a blurred line
between reflections of past trauma and
false reality. As Rory clings desperately
to the idea that the dying animal can still
be saved, Jaime sees mercy in relieving
it’s pain. When the animal’s condition
worsens, tensions escalate as Jaime
prepares to take matters into his own
hands. Stubbornly Rory, despite a rapidly
decreasing mental state, is determined to
protect the animal, no matter the cost. In
the end, does real love truly mean fighting
to save what’s broken—or finding the
strength to say goodbye, even when past
wounds linger?
DIRECTED BY ELI GARRAHY PRODUCED BY MATT
DUNN AND JAMES CUPITT WRITTEN BY
ELIZABETH HARRIS
SHORT STAFFED
When there’s a shortage of bouncers at a busy
inner-city nightclub, a scrawny glasswasher is
asked to step in as security for the night, but the
eccentric patrons make it difficult to keep things
running smoothly.
DIRECTED BY LACHLAN NORTH PRODUCED BY
PHOEBE O’SULLIVAN WRITTEN BY KOBI WRIGHT
Real, True Fiction
Former university professor, Rupert Anderson,
deals in deception and betrayal in the leadup
to the opening night performance of his career
defining play, “A Wiser Man”. Due to allegations
made against him, the once esteemed university
professor had his employment terminated. He
now attempts to revitalise his image and reshape
his own narrative with his new play, ‘A Wiser
Man.’ His self-proclaimed bravery and retelling of
the truth is questioned however as he continues
to receive threatening and mysterious emails.
Rupert begins to question those around him as
the leading actress, Mia, who he adores, suggests
to him that his assistant, Jess, might not have his
best-interests at heart
DIRECTED BY GEORGE RISDON PRODUCED BY SONJA
LORENS- GORBATSHOFF WRITTEN BY JOE CURTIS
Flowers For Bridie
When Sofia’s sister Zoe brings
a garden gnome to their
mother’s funeral in lieu of
chrysanthemums, Sofia has
to find a replacement bouquet
before the service begins. Along
the way, the pair make enemies
with a bride-to-be and her
overprotective sister.
DIRECTED BY SALLY OSTERBERG
PRODUCED BY AIDEN GANTSCHNIGG
WRITTEN BY ALEX WILSON
Behind the Screams (B-T-S)
A mockumentary capturing behind the scenes of situated creative practices’ most notorious offenders, as they work on their capstone projects.
DIRECTED BY MATT DUNN PRODUCED BY ANNABELLE DENNIEN WRITTEN BY ODETTE SMYTH
FILMS/MUSIC VIDEO
Rendezvous
Rendezvous, produced by Brisbane
solo artist and producer KAMI,
combines the styles of narrative,
performative, and concepts within
this cinemamatic music video,
expressing desperation and
loneliness by isolating the artist
from the environment. Switching
between different locations of an
auditorium, house party, and empty
street, the video follows KAMI’s
story of wanting to temporarily find
true love.
DIRECTED BY WONSEOP KIM PRODUCED BY
YUKI ISHIGAKI-GILBERT
Heartstrings
Heartstrings is a performative
music video for the upcoming
band Strayfold. We follow a young
woman’s emotional journey
of finding unrequited love,
accompanied by visuals from the
band performing the song.
DIRECTED BY EMMA HANSON AND ALISE
GOLD PRODUCED BY SHAYANNE KOWAS
Can't Stop Time
Can’t Stop Time is a song written and
performed by Brisbane-based musician
Georgia Scarlett. The story revolves
around a failed relationship, reflecting
on how people cannot stop time despite
longing to have a moment of freedom
from the heartache . In the music video
clocks are used as direct symbolism
of the idea of time and life carrying on
despite reluctance from the lovers. While
the connotation may be grim, it touches
the hearts of many and promotes
feelings of relatability and healing. This
moving piece encapsulates human
nature and wishing we could control
time and change our misfortunes at
times until we ulitmately move forward
with our lives.
DIRECTED BY YUKI ISHIGAKI-GILBERT PRODUCED
BY LEONARDO RICE
1000 HANDS
1000 HANDS is a narrative
driven music video for the artist
FEVADREAMS. We follow a
young man’s emotional journey of
persevering through hardship.
DIRECTED BY MATT DUNN AND NICHOLAS
GUIZOT PRODUCED BY ANDREW TRAN
WRITTEN BY FEVADREAMS
SLOW DOWN
Slow Down is a narrativedriven
music video for the artist
DENI. She feels homesick and
writes a love letter to her home
country, which transports her
back to the past, returning
to beautiful open fields and
memories from before.
DIRECTED BY WILLIAM BASHFORD
PRODUCED BY PHOEBE SHAPLAND
If You Knew
If You Knew is a performative,
narrative driven music video for
Ollie Shwerin’s latest release.
Set in a dreamy, park-like scene
with a warm, nostalgic aesthetic,
the video follows Ollie on a
lighthearted journey toward a
meaningful destination. Along
the way, he encounters couples
in love, playfully interacting
with them and humorously
mimicking musical instruments
made of cardboard. At times, he
breaks into spontaneous dance
moves, bringing an ironic charm
to each encounter.
DIRECTED BY ELOISE MOORE
PRODUCED BY STEPHANIE BEIT
Global Incidence and Risk Factors Associated With Postoperative Urinary Retention Following Elective Inguinal Hernia Repair
No full textImportance: Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a well-recognized complication of inguinal hernia repair (IHR). A variable incidence of POUR has previously been reported in this context, and contradictory evidence surrounds potential risk factors. Objective: To ascertain the incidence of, explore risk factors for, and determine the health service outcomes of POUR following elective IHR. Design, Setting, and Participants: The Retention of Urine After Inguinal Hernia Elective Repair (RETAINER I) study, an international, prospective cohort study, recruited participants between March 1 and October 31, 2021. This study was conducted across 209 centers in 32 countries in a consecutive sample of adult patients undergoing elective IHR. Exposure: Open or minimally invasive IHR by any surgical technique, under local, neuraxial regional, or general anesthesia. Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary outcome was the incidence of POUR following elective IHR. Secondary outcomes were perioperative risk factors, management, clinical consequences, and health service outcomes of POUR. A preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score was measured in male patients. Results: In total, 4151 patients (3882 male and 269 female; median [IQR] age, 56 [43-68] years) were studied. Inguinal hernia repair was commenced via an open surgical approach in 82.2% of patients (n = 3414) and minimally invasive surgery in 17.8% (n = 737). The primary form of anesthesia was general in 40.9% of patients (n = 1696), neuraxial regional in 45.8% (n = 1902), and local in 10.7% (n = 446). Postoperative urinary retention occurred in 5.8% of male patients (n = 224), 2.97% of female patients (n = 8), and 9.5% (119 of 1252) of male patients aged 65 years or older. Risk factors for POUR after adjusted analyses included increasing age, anticholinergic medication, history of urinary retention, constipation, out-of-hours surgery, involvement of urinary bladder within the hernia, temporary intraoperative urethral catheterization, and increasing operative duration. Postoperative urinary retention was the primary reason for 27.8% of unplanned day-case surgery admissions (n = 74) and 51.8% of 30-day readmissions (n = 72). Conclusions: The findings of this cohort study suggest that 1 in 17 male patients, 1 in 11 male patients aged 65 years or older, and 1 in 34 female patients may develop POUR following IHR. These findings could inform preoperative patient counseling. In addition, awareness of modifiable risk factors may help to identify patients at increased risk of POUR who may benefit from perioperative risk mitigation strategies.
