86,666 research outputs found
Direct radiocarbon dating and DNA analysis of the Darra-i-Kur (Afghanistan) human temporal bone
No full textThe temporal bone discovered in the 1960s from the Darra-i-Kur cave in Afghanistan is often cited as one of the very few Pleistocene human fossils from Central Asia. Here we report the first direct radiocarbon date for the specimen and the genetic analyses of DNA extracted and sequenced from two areas of the bone. The new radiocarbon determination places the find to ∼4500 cal BP (∼2500 BCE) contradicting an assumed Palaeolithic age of ∼30,000 years, as originally suggested. The DNA retrieved from the specimen originates from a male individual who carried mitochondrial DNA of the modern human type. The petrous part yielded more endogenous ancient DNA molecules than the squamous part of the same bone. Molecular dating of the Darra-i-Kur mitochondrial DNA sequence corroborates the radiocarbon date and suggests that the specimen is younger than previously thought. Taken together, the results consolidate the fact that the human bone is not associated with the Pleistocene-age deposits of Darra-i-Kur; instead it is intrusive, possibly re-deposited from upper levels dating to much later periods (Neolithic). Despite its Holocene age, the Darra-i-Kur specimen is, so far, the first and only ancient human from Afghanistan whose DNA has been sequenced
Myoclonic Status in Nonprogressive Encephalopathies
No full textMyoclonic status in nonprogressive encephalopath
Etude de l'acoustique en champ proche et son impact sur le lanceur
No full textRapport final ONERA/AEID F/10.933/DARRA
Tuberous sclerosis and epilepsy: Longitudinal electroclinical and neuroradiological study of 55 subjects [EPILESSIA E SCLEROSI TUBEROSA: STUDIO ELETTROCLINICO E NEURORADIOLOGICO DI 55 SOGGETTI]
No full texthe AA. present the longitudinal electroclinical and neuroradiological study of 55 children aged between 2 and 21 years with Tuberous Sclerosis (TS) and epilepsy in order to analyse the features having an early prognostic significance. The following parameters have been considered: Familial antecedents of epilepsy and TS. Age at onset of epilepsy and electroclinical picture. Incidence and type of extracerebral involvement. Neuroradiological picture by CT in all cases, MRI in 28. The subjects have been divided in three subsets according to intellectual level [A: I.Q. >80 (19 cases); B: I.Q. 50-80 (19 cases); C: I.Q. <50 (17 cases)]. On the other hand they have been divided in three groups following the type of the electroclinical picture; I: a peculiar type resulting from the association of partial seizures and periodic spasms; II: a picture of epileptic encephalopathy with polymorphous seizures and diffuse persistent EEG paroxysmal abnormalities; III: a picture persistently characterized by partial seizures only with more or less focal of multifocal EEG paroxysmal abnormalities. Analysing relationships between the different electroclinical pictures and the others considered parameters the AA conclude that the best and earliest prognostic parameter is constituted by the type of the electroclinical picture and not by the neuroradiological one
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
[Newspaper Clipping: Author Claims Evidence of Second JFK Assassin #1]
No full textNewspaper article titled "Author Claims Evidence of Second JFK Assassin." The article states that author Richard J. Whalen concluded "that there is circumstantial evidence to support the theory of a second assassin in the shooting of President John F. Kennedy.
Electroclinical findings in four patients with karyotype 47,XYY
No full text47,XYY karyotype is a Y chromosome aneuploidy characterized by an extra copy of the Y chromosome in each of the male cells, with an incidence of 1/1000 males. Most studies about 47,XYY have focused on growth, cognitive development, academic performance, behavioural problems, speech and language skills and neuromuscular status. Up-to-date reports on seizures and EEG characteristics concerning 47,XYY men have been sporadic and poorly detailed. The aim of this study is to describe the particular electroclinical patterns in a group of four subjects with 47,XYY karyotype. We performed neurological examinations, psychometric tests, brain MRIs, prolonged EEG recordings during awake and sleep on four unselected males 47,XYY. All four patients presented various degrees of neuropsychological impairment. An incidence of familial antecedents for epilepsy was confirmed by three families. When present, seizures were very similar to that of benign epilepsy with central temporal spikes, (BECTS), for age of onset, clinical picture, evolution and good response to antiepileptic drugs. EEG recordings in all four subjects showed normal background activity and sleep organization, particular focal spikes and sharp-waves localized mostly over the vertex and/or central temporal regions, which increased during sleep. In our opinion, these 47,XYY patients present a particular electroclinical patter
Dual cross-talk between nitric oxide and D-serine in astrocytes and neurons in the brain.
No full textThe present review describes the role of the putative cross-talk between two neurotransmitters, nitric oxide (NO) and D-serine, in the brain. Under physiological conditions NO homeostasis guarantees the correct function of NO in a number of events in the brain such as neurotransmission and vascular tone regulation. D-serine, produced in astrocytes, acts synergistically with glutamate at NMDA receptors on postsynaptic neurons. Neuronal and endothelial NO synthase (nNOS and eNOS) in astrocytes cross-talk with serine racemase (SR) and D-amino acid oxydase (DAAO), catalyzing the synthesis and degradation of D-serine, respectively. SR is inhibited by NO which activates DAAO. D-serine inhibits nNOS but not eNOS and activates SR. Astrocytes and neurons also cross-talk through NO/D-serine system. D-serine released from astrocytes induces a rapid increase in NO contents in postsynaptic neurons. Overall, D-serine production in astrocytes is negatively regulated by NO. Under inflammatory conditions, pro-inflammatory cytokines or Aβ induce, first, a drop in NO contents and an increase in the amounts of D-serine in astrocytes. Together with enhanced glutamate release from presynaptic neurons, D-serine induces an increase in Ca2+ up-take into presynaptic neurons. In astrocytes an initial drop in NO contents triggers NF-κB activation followed by inducible NOS (iNOS) expression. iNOS-derived massive amounts of NO may potentially be toxic. Under schizophrenic conditions, D-serine production is down-regulated. Together with reduced glutamate release, this situation leads to the decreased NO production in postsynaptic neurons. In astrocytes induction of iNOS expression becomes predominant. Initial drop in nNOS-derived NO is potentially toxic in this scenario. © 2009 Bentham Science Publishers Ltd
Quadro elettroclinico EPR-like in soggetti con disturbo della girazione focale: Elementi di diagnosi differenziale | [Bect-like epilepsy in subjects with focal gyral anomalies: Electroclinical findings for differential diagnosis]
No full textThe Authors report the electroclinical longitudinal study of 6 patients, 5 with partial epilepsies with Benign Partial Epilepsy with Centro-Temporal Spikes (BECT) characteristics at onset and 1 seizure-free presenting typical rolandic spikes on EEG. Analysing the ictal semeiology and the EEG picture, the AA underline that even when they appear with a BECT like picture, the partial epilepsies substained by a focal dysplasia are characterised by unusual electroclinical features that permit a correct recognisement
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