1,720,980 research outputs found
Palm olein based biolubricant basestocks: Synthesis, characterisation, tribological and rheological analysis
No full textPalm olein (POo) was modified through chemical reaction to produce biolubricant basestock (di-oleate-POo and oleate-ether-POo). POo was epoxidised to produce epoxidised palm olein (EPOo), then ring opening process were performed by hydrolysis and alcoholysis to produce di-hydroxy-POo and hydroxy-ether-POo. Both intermediate products were esterified with oleic acid to produce di-oleate-POo and oleate-ether-POo. Detection analyses were done by using fourier transformation infra-red (FTIR), proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). Di-oleate-POo recorded of its oxidative stability (140 oC), pour point (-5 oC), flash and fire point (215 oC and 245 oC), kinematic viscosity about 417.5 cSt (40 oC) and 45.4 cSt (100 oC) with the viscosity index of 166. While, oleate-ether-POo recorded of its oxidative stability (178 oC), pour point (1 oC), flash and fire point (190 oC dan 210 oC), kinematic viscosity about 113.7 cSt (40 oC) and 21.5 cSt (100 oC) with the viscosity index of 217. The biolubricant basestocks grade of ISO VG 460 (di-oleate-POo) and ISO VG 100 (oleate-ether-POo) were successfully produced. Di-oleate-POo and oleate-ether-POo were Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluid. Both products were hydrodynamic lubricant with low friction coefficients at 40 oC and 100 oC
Experimental design using response surface methods for palm olein-based hydroxy-ether systhesis
No full textHydroxy-ether-POo
was synthesised via alcoholysis reaction of epoxidized palm olein (EPOo
). The experimental design
was conducted using response surface methodology (RSM) based on 3 factor
Potential of palm olein as green lubricant source: Lubrication analysis and chemical characterisation
No full textPalm olein (POo) is widely used as edible oil in tropical countries. The lubrication properties and chemical compositions of POo being considered to be used as renewable raw material for biolubricant synthesis. POo is suitable to be used directly as biolubricant for medium temperature industrial applications. Palm olein has good viscosity index, oxidative stability, flash and fire point as a lubricant source. POo contains unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAG): Palmitin-Olein-Olein, POO (33.3 %), Palmitin-Olein-Palmitin, POP (29.6 %), which are very important to produce good lubricant properties. This unsaturated bond is preferable in chemical modification to produce biolubricant. The chemical compositions of POo were tested by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) techniques
Potential of palm olein as green lubricant source: lubrication analysis and chemical characterisation
No full textPalm olein (POo) is widely used as edible oil in tropical countries. The lubrication properties and chemical compositions of POo being considered to be used as renewable raw material for biolubricant synthesis. POo is suitable to be used directly as biolubricant for medium temperature industrial applications. Palm olein has good viscosity index, oxidative stability, flash and fire point as a lubricant source. POo contains unsaturated triacylglycerols (TAG): Palmitin-Olein-Olein, POO (33.3 %), Palmitin-Olein-Palmitin, POP (29.6 %), which are very important to produce good lubricant properties. This unsaturated bond is preferable in chemical modification to produce biolubricant. The chemical compositions of POo were tested by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography (GC) techniques
Kesan kepekatan asid performik terhadap pengepoksidaan minyak sawit olein
No full textKajian pengoptimuman tindak balas pengepoksidaan minyak sawit olein (POo) dengan menggunakan mangkin asid performik (HCOOOH) telah dijalankan. Kesan tindak balas terhadap nisbah kepekatan HCOOH : H2O2 dan masa tindak balas telah dikaji pada suhu 45oC. Kandungan oksigen oksirana (OOC) optimum sebanyak 3.61% diperoleh dengan menggunakan nisbah mol 1 : 5 : 2 pada 150 min dan sebanyak 96.5% penukaran dapat dicapai. Hasil tindak balas adalah sebanyak 91.3%. Puncak kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi (HPLC) bagi minyak sawit olein terepoksida (EPOo) telah berubah sepenuhnya berbanding puncak HPLC POo. Spektrum transformasi Fourier infra-merah (FTIR) telah menunjukkan kehadiran puncak ikatan gelang oksirana pada 844 cm-1
Preparation of epoxidized palm olein as renewable material by using peroxy acids
No full textEpoxidized palm olein (EPOo) was prepared through generated in situ of performic acid (HCOOOH), and peracetic acid (CH3COOOH) as epoxidation agent with the presence of sulphuric acid (H2SO4) 3 % v/wt as catalyst. Formic acid (HCOOH) or acetic acid (CH3COOH) as oxygen carrier and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as oxygen donor in the reaction system. Highly conversion (95.5 %) of oxirane ringwas obtained by usingperformicacid as epoxidation agent at 150 minutes of reaction time. The reaction yield was 90 % by weight. EPOo has showed good physicochemical properties as renewable material for industrial applications. Carbon (13C-NMR) and proton (1H-NMR) spectra showed the present of epoxy profile at 54 ppm and 2.9 ppm. Epoxy group was detected on 844 cm-1 byfourier transformation infra-red (FTIR) spectra
Penghasilan poliol minyak sawit olein secara hidrolisis selanjar dan berkelompok
No full textSebatian poliol minyak sawit olein (di-hidroksi-POo) (70% hasil) disintesis melalui pembukaan gelang oksirana minyak sawit olein terepoksida (EPOo) secara hidrolisis selanjar dan berkelompok. Hasil optimum pembukaan gelang oksirana (97.2%) bagi kedua-dua tindak balas selama 90 min (tindak balas selanjar) dan 75 min (tindak balas berkelompok) dengan menggunakan mangkin asid perklorik 3% v/wt. Spektrum transformasi Fourier inframerah (FTIR) di-hidroksi-POo menunjukkan kehadiran puncak lebar getaran regangan kumpulan hidroksil pada nombor gelombang 3429 cm-1, menunjukkan sebatian poliol telah berjaya dihasilkan. Spektrum resonan magnetik nukleus-karbon (13C-NMR) di-hidroksi-POo telah menunjukkan kehadiran puncak karbon yang terikat dengan kumpulan hidroksil (74.5 ppm). Spektrum resonan magnetik nukleus-proton (1H-NMR) di-hidroksi-POo telah menunjukkan kehadiran puncak proton yang terikat pada karbon poliol (3.4 ppm) dan proton pada kumpulan hidroksil (4.6 ppm). Kelikatan kinematik produk poliol (nilai hidroksil sebanyak 110.7 mgKOH/g minyak) adalah 1435.2 cSt (40oC) dan 55.2 cSt (100oC) dengan indeks kelikatan 78
Preliminary study on production of monoacylglycerol and diacylglycerol of virgin coconut oil via enzymatic glycerolysis using lipase candida antarctica (novozyme 435)
No full textSintesis sebatian hidroksi-eter minyak sawit olein
No full textSebatian hidroksi-eter-POo
(80% hasil) disintesis melalui pembukaan gelang oksirana minyak sawit olein terepoksida
(EPOo
) secara alkoholisis. Hasil optimum pembukaan gelang oksirana (99.2%) dicapai dengan menggunakan asid
sulfurik 3% v/bt pada suhu tindak balas yang tinggi (80o
C) selama 30 minit masa tindak balas. Spektrum resonan
magnetik nukleus-proton (1
H-NMR) hidroksi-eter-POo
telah menunjukkan kehadiran puncak proton pada karbon eter
(3.2, 3.5 ppm) dan proton pada kumpulan hidroksil (4.8 ppm). Spektrum resonan magnetik nukleus-karbon (13C-NMR)
hidroksi-eter-POo
telah menunjukkan kehadiran puncak karbon yang terikat dengan kumpulan hidroksil (75 ppm) dan
karbon pada karbonil kumpulan eter (72 ppm). Kelikatan kinematik hidroksi-eter-POo
adalah 234.4 cSt (40o
C) dan 28.1
cSt (100o
C) dengan indeks kelikatan 156
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