12 research outputs found
Contingency and the order of nature
No full textMany profess faith in the universal rule of deterministic law. I urge remaining agnostic, putting into nature only what we need to account for what we know to be the case: order where, and to the extent that, we see it. Powers and mechanisms can do that job. Embracing contingency and deriving order from powers and mechanisms reduces three kinds of problems: ontological, theological, and epistemological. Ontologically, there is no puzzle about why models from various branches of natural and social science, daily life, and engineering serve us in good stead if all that's happening is physics laws playing themselves out. Also, when universal laws are replaced with a power/mechanism ontology, nothing is set irredeemably by the Big Bang or at some hyper-surface in space-time. What happens can depend on how we arrange things to exploit the powers of their parts. That may be put to significant theological advantage. The epistemological problem comes from philosopher of physics, Erhard Scheibe. Given what we take physics to teach about the universality of interaction, there is just one very large object – the entire universe – to be governed by laws of nature. How then do we ever learn those laws
Electrochemical Properties of the LiNi<sub>0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Cathode Material Modified by Lithium Tungstate under High Voltage
No full textAn
amount (5 wt %) of lithium tungstate (Li2WO4) as an additive significantly improves the cycle and rate performances
of the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 electrode at the cutoff voltage of 4.6 V. The 5 wt % Li2WO4-mixed LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 199.2 mA
h g–1 and keeps 73.1% capacity for 200 cycles at
1 C. It retains 67.4% capacity after 200 cycles at 2 C and delivers
a discharge capacity of 167.3 mA h g–1 at 10 C,
while those of the pristine electrode are only 44.7% and 87.5 mA h
g–1, respectively. It is shown that the structure
of the LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material is not affected by mixing Li2WO4. The introduced Li2WO4 effectively
restrains the LiPF6 and carbonate solvent decomposition
by consuming PF5 at high cutoff voltage, forming a stable
cathode/electrolyte interface film with low resistance
Effects of a High-Concentration LiPF<sub>6</sub>‑Based Carbonate Ester Electrolyte for the Electrochemical Performance of a High-Voltage Layered LiN<sub>i0.6</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Cathode
No full textLithium-ion battery electrolytes are key components contributing
to the Li+ transference and the formation of solid electrolyte
interface (SEI) film. A high-concentration LiPF6-based
EC/DMC electrolyte is employed to investigate the electrochemical
performance of layered LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 cathode material at the high voltage of 4.6 V. Cyclic
voltammetry tests indicate that the 6.5 M EC/DMC-LiPF6 high-concentration
electrolyte enjoys a stronger oxidation resistance compared with 1
M diluted electrolyte. It is indicated that the highest occupied molecular
orbital (HOMO) energy of nEC-Li+ and nDMC-Li+ solvation complexes is reduced with the Li+ concentration
increase, suggesting that the high Li+ concentration enhances
the oxidation resistance of the solvent molecules by the density functional
theory (DFT) method. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) tests
demonstrate that the SEI film is different from that of the diluted
electrolyte on the cathode surface by using the high-concentration
electrolyte. The composite cathode of LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 exhibits a 161.3 mAh/g reversible capacity
at the rate of 0.2C (1C = 180 mA g–1) after 100
cycles by using the high-concentration electrolyte, while a 138.6
mAh/g lower capacity is exhibited in the diluted electrolyte. The
improvement of cycling performance should be attributed to the prevention
of the interface side reactions on the cathode
Solid-State Li-Ion Batteries Using Fast, Stable, Glassy Nanocomposite Electrolytes for Good Safety and Long Cycle-Life
No full textThe development of safe, stable,
and long-life Li-ion batteries is being intensively pursued to enable
the electrification of transportation and intelligent grid applications.
Here, we report a new solid-state Li-ion battery technology, using
a solid nanocomposite electrolyte composed of porous silica matrices
with in situ immobilizing Li<sup>+</sup>-conducting ionic liquid,
anode material of MCMB, and cathode material of LiCoO<sub>2</sub>,
LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, or
LiFePO<sub>4</sub>. An injection printing method is used for the electrode/electrolyte
preparation. Solid nanocomposite electrolytes exhibit superior performance
to the conventional organic electrolytes with regard to safety and
cycle-life. They also have a transparent glassy structure with high
ionic conductivity and good mechanical strength. Solid-state full
cells tested with the various cathodes exhibited high specific capacities,
long cycling stability, and excellent high temperature performance.
This solid-state battery technology will provide new avenues for the
rational engineering of advanced Li-ion batteries and other electrochemical
devices
Toward Ultrastable Metal Anode/Li<sub>6</sub>PS<sub>5</sub>Cl Interface via an Interlayer as Li Reservoir
No full textAll-solid-state sulfide-based Li metal batteries are
promising
candidates for energy storage systems. However, thorny issues associated
with undesired reactions and contact failure at the anode interface
hinder their commercialization. Herein, an indium foil was endowed
with a formed interlayer whose surface film is enriched with LiF and
LiIn phases via a feasible prelithiation route. The lithiated alloy
of the interlayer can regulate Li+ flux and charge distribution
as a Li reservoir, benefiting uniform Li deposition. Meanwhile, it
can suppress the reductive decomposition of the Li6PS5Cl electrolyte and maintain sufficient solid–solid
contact. In situ impedance spectra reveal that constant interface
impedance and fast charge transfer are realized by the interlayer.
Further, long-term Li stripping/plating over 2000 h at 2.55 mA cm–2 is demonstrated by this anode. All-solid-state cells
employing a LiCoO2 cathode and the Pre In anode can work
for over 700 cycles with a capacity retention of 96.15% at 0.5 C
New Desolvated Gel Electrolyte for Rechargeable Lithium Metal Sulfurized Polyacrylonitrile (S-PAN) Battery
No full textA new
desolvated gel electrolyte (DGE) is investigated for its
use in lithium metal sulfurized polyacrylonitrile (S-PAN) battery.
Lithium dendrite growth is examined under the DGE by scanning electron
microscope (SEM). The electrolyte desolvation is analyzed with IR
and 1H NMR spectra as well as density functional theory
(DFT) calculation using Gaussian09 package. The electrochemical performance
of S-PAN cathode is compared under the DGE and a common electrolyte
via galvanostatic charge/discharge. The growth mode of Li dendrite
is schematically illustrated to elucidate the role of the DGE during
the charge/discharge process. It is shown that the DGE can prevent
the growth of dendrite from the Li anode surface. A specific capacity
of 1276 mAh/g is retained under the DGE after 50 cycles at 60 mA/g
current rate. It is indicated that the as-prepared gel electrolyte
is desolvated, which is also confirmed with the theoretical calculation.
The DGE weakens the solvation effect of the lithium ions and reduces
the resistance of charge transfer at cathode/electrolyte interface;
it increases lithium ion transference number as well, so enhancing
the electrochemical performance of the cathode
American Annals of the Deaf and Dumb Vol.5 No.3
No full text64 p. : ill., ports.; 22-28 cm.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-11T14:52:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 69
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AADDvol05no3display.pdf: 7739279 bytes, checksum: fc1412f9cbd045d27febbd6492c4b6f5 (MD5)Title changed from "American Annals of the Deaf and the Dumb" to "American Annals of the Deaf" from 1886, Vol. 31, No. 4 and on
Chemically Induced Activity Recovery of Isolated Lithium in Anode-free Lithium Metal Batteries
No full textThe anode-free lithium metal battery is considered to
be an excellent
candidate for the new generation energy storage system because of
its higher energy density and safety than the traditional lithium
metal battery. However, the continuous generation of SEI or isolated
Li hinders its practical application. In general, the isolated Li
is considered electrochemically inactive because it loses electrical
connection with the current collector. Here we show an abnormal phenomenon
that the lost capacity appears to be recovered after cycles when the
isolated Li reconnects with a deposited Li metal layer. The isolated
Li reconnection is ascribed to the chemical induction of the block
copolymer coating. The migration of Li+ is affected by
the electron delocalization and the electron cloud density of the
polymer, which determine the conversion direction of Li+. Based on the mechanism, we propose a strategy to slow down the
capacity decay of the anode-free lithium metal battery
