14 research outputs found
Internal boundaries – external boundaries in the American context
No full textThis paper seeks to present a brief outline of America as a structure of many boundaries. The United States of America came to existence on the grounds of a contract, therefore it is the first modern State, for it is built in accordance with modern philosophy. Being the cradle of many cultures and languages, this country is a particularly interesting example how to harmonize tensions and come to agreement on the border. We are dealing here with the influence of philosophical ideas and the religious thought of a divided European Christianity. In the religious attitude of deism these two spheres – in the form of the religion as a free choice – are combined. Because the State distances itself from religion, allowing the citizens to practice many religions, new frontiers appear. In principle, the government should be limited, so that society is free to act within the legal regulations, hence the frontiers function in a peaceful coexistence.Niniejszy tekst jest krótką charakterystyką Ameryki jako struktury wielu granic. Stany Zjednoczone powstały na gruncie umowy, a zatem są nazywane pierwszym krajem nowoczesnym – bo zbudowanym zgodnie z ideą niesioną przez koncepcje filozoficzne nowoczesności. Będąc kolebką wielu kultur i języków, kraj ten jest szczególnie ciekawym przykładem łagodzenia napięć i budowania porozumienia na granicy. Mamy tu do czynienia zarówno z oddziaływaniem idei filozoficznych, jak też myśli religijnej podzielonego chrześcijaństwa europejskiego. W religijnej postawie deizmu zresztą te dwa obszary – w postaci religii jako wolnego wyboru – łączą się ze sobą. Ponieważ państwo dystansuje się od religii, dając jednocześnie swobodę praktykowania wielu wyznań, tworzą się kolejne pogranicza. Ponieważ z założenia rząd powinien być ograniczony, tak iż społeczeństwo ma swobodę działania w granicach obowiązującego prawa, pogranicza funkcjonują na zasadzie pokojowej koegzystencji
Genistein up-regulates tumor suppressor microRNA-574-3p in prostate cancer.
No full textGenistein has been shown to inhibit cancers both in vitro and in vivo, by altering the expression of several microRNAs (miRNAs). In this study, we focused on tumor suppressor miRNAs regulated by genistein and investigated their function in prostate cancer (PCa) and target pathways. Using miRNA microarray analysis and real-time RT-PCR we observed that miR-574-3p was significantly up-regulated in PCa cells treated with genistein compared with vehicle control. The expression of miR-574-3p was significantly lower in PCa cell lines and clinical PCa tissues compared with normal prostate cells (RWPE-1) and adjacent normal tissues. Low expression level of miR-574-3p was correlated with advanced tumor stage and higher Gleason score in PCa specimens. Re-expression of miR-574-3p in PCa cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. miR-574-3p restoration induced apoptosis through reducing Bcl-xL and activating caspase-9 and caspase-3. Using GeneCodis software analysis, several pathways affected by miR-574-3p were identified, such as 'Pathways in cancer', 'Jak-STAT signaling pathway', and 'Wnt signaling pathway'. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-574-3p directly binds to the 3' UTR of several target genes (such as RAC1, EGFR and EP300) that are components of 'Pathways in cancer'. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western analysis showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of the three target genes in PCa cells were markedly down-regulated with miR-574-3p. Loss-of-function studies demonstrated that the three target genes significantly affect cell proliferation, migration and invasion in PCa cell lines. Our results show that genistein up-regulates tumor suppressor miR-574-3p expression targeting several cell signaling pathways. These findings enhance understanding of how genistein regulates with miRNA in PCa
Effect of NAA and banana homogenate (BH) concentration on differentiation of <i>Renanthera imschootiana</i> PLBs on 1/4 MS medium containing with 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> peptone, 10 g l<sup>−1</sup> sucrose, 10% CW and 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> AC after 60 days in culture.
No full text<p>All experiments consisted of three independent replicates with 10 culture flasks per replicate and 20 PLBs per flask. Values followed by different letters within a column are significantly different at <i>P</i><0.05 (DMRT).</p><p>Effect of NAA and banana homogenate (BH) concentration on differentiation of <i>Renanthera imschootiana</i> PLBs on 1/4 MS medium containing with 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> peptone, 10 g l<sup>−1</sup> sucrose, 10% CW and 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> AC after 60 days in culture.</p
<i>In vitro</i> seed culture, seedling development and reintroduction of <i>Renanthera imschootiana</i> Rolfe.
No full text<p>(A) Stage 0, seed under scanning electron microscopy, ungerminated. (B) Stage 1, testa ruptured. (C) Stage 2, appearance of rhizoids. (D) Stage 3, emergence and elongation of first leaf. (E) Stage 4, one leaf and root present. (F) Stage 5, presence of two or more leaves. (G) Proliferation of PLBs on quarter-strength MS (1/4 MS) medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l<sup>−1</sup> BA, 1.0 mg l<sup>−1</sup> NAA, 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> peptone and 20% CW. (H) Differentiation of PLBs on 1/4 MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg l<sup>−1</sup> NAA, 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> peptone, 100 g l<sup>−1</sup> BH, and 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> AC. (I) Development of seedlings on Hyponex N016 medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l<sup>−1</sup> NAA, 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> peptone, 150 g l<sup>−1</sup> BH, and 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> AC. (J) Transplanted plantlets 6 months after acclimatization in the greenhouse. (K) Reintroduced flowering plantlets from <i>in vitro</i>-derived seedlings on the trunk of <i>Pinus massoniana</i> on Huolu Mountain, Guangzhou. (L) Reintroduced plantlets from <i>in vitro</i>-derived seedlings at the Orchids Garden, South China Botanical Garden. Bars: (A) 50 µm, (B) 100 µm, (C) 0.05 mm, (D) 0.35 mm, (E) 0.40 mm, (F) 0.60 mm, (G, H) 3.0 cm, (I) 4.0 cm, (J, K) 5.0 cm, (L) 3.0 cm.</p
Effect of sucrose concentration on <i>in vitro</i> germination of <i>Renanthera imschootiana</i> on quarter-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l<sup>−1</sup> NAA, 20% CW and 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> AC 75 days after culture.
No full text<p>Different letters indicate significant differences between days at <i>P</i><0.05 (DMRT).</p
Effect of the degree of seed maturity on <i>in vitro</i> germination of <i>Renanthera imschootiana</i> on quarter-strength MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l<sup>−1</sup> NAA, 20% CW, 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> peptone, 10 g l<sup>−1</sup> sucrose and 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> AC 75 days after culture.
No full text<p>Different letters indicate significant differences between days at <i>P</i><0.05 (DMRT).</p
Effect of BA concentration on proliferation of <i>Renanthera imschootiana</i> PLBs on 1/4 MS medium with 0.5 mg l<sup>−1</sup> NAA, 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> peptone, 10 g l<sup>−1</sup> sucrose, and 20% CW after 60 days in culture on the 8th sub-culture.
No full text<p>Means ± SE of 300 replicates; different letters within each column are significantly different at <i>P</i><0.05 (DMRT).</p><p>Effect of BA concentration on proliferation of <i>Renanthera imschootiana</i> PLBs on 1/4 MS medium with 0.5 mg l<sup>−1</sup> NAA, 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> peptone, 10 g l<sup>−1</sup> sucrose, and 20% CW after 60 days in culture on the 8th sub-culture.</p
Survival rates of different ages of transplanted <i>Renanthera imschootiana</i> seedlings after 360- or 720-day reintroduction.
No full text<p>Means ± SE of 300 replicates with the different letters are significantly different at <i>P</i><0.05 (DMRT).</p><p>Survival rates of different ages of transplanted <i>Renanthera imschootiana</i> seedlings after 360- or 720-day reintroduction.</p
Effect of organic amendments on seed germination of <i>Renanthera imschootiana</i> at 150 DAP on 1/4 MS containing 0.5 mg l<sup>−1</sup> NAA, 10 g l<sup>−1</sup> sucrose and 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> AC for 75 days in culture.
No full text<p>For each treatment, approximately 300 seeds (in three replicates) were cultured in a 500-ml culture flask containing 90 ml of medium. All experiments consisted of three independent replicates with 10 culture flasks per replicate. Values followed by different letters within a column are significantly different at <i>P</i><0.05 (DMRT). Percentage data were arcsin transformed before being subjected to ANOVA. Each mean is based on microscopic observations. BH, banana homogenate; CW, coconut water; MS, Murashige and Skoog medium; NAA, α-naphthaleneacetic acid; PH, potato homogenate.</p><p>Effect of organic amendments on seed germination of <i>Renanthera imschootiana</i> at 150 DAP on 1/4 MS containing 0.5 mg l<sup>−1</sup> NAA, 10 g l<sup>−1</sup> sucrose and 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> AC for 75 days in culture.</p
Effect of basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l<sup>−1</sup> NAA, 10 g l<sup>−1</sup> sucrose and 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> AC on germination and development of <i>Renanthera imschootiana</i> 150 DAP seed after 75 days in culture.
No full text<p>For each treatment, approximately 300 seeds were cultured in a 500-ml culture flask containing 90 ml of medium. All experiments consisted of three independent replicates with 10 culture flasks per replicate. Values followed by different letters within a column are significantly different at <i>P</i><0.05 (DMRT). Percentage data were arcsin transformed before being subjected to ANOVA. Each mean is based on microscopic observations. DAP, days after pollination; KC, Knudson's C medium; MS, Murashige and Skoog medium; NAA, α-naphthaleneacetic acid; RE, Robert Ernst medium; VW, Vacin and Went medium.</p><p>*Lin et al. (2008).</p><p>Effect of basal medium supplemented with 0.5 mg l<sup>−1</sup> NAA, 10 g l<sup>−1</sup> sucrose and 1.0 g l<sup>−1</sup> AC on germination and development of <i>Renanthera imschootiana</i> 150 DAP seed after 75 days in culture.</p
