338 research outputs found
Multispectral imaging for intraoperative tumour detection in breast cancer surgery
No full textOn average 19% of patients undergoing breast conserving surgery (BCS) require re-excision due to positive margins. Augmenting a surgeon’s intraoperative visualization of margin disease could improve precision. Multispectral imaging (MSI) utilizes spectral differences between normal and tumour tissues to characterise pathology in real-time. The diagnostic accuracy of a custom-built MSI camera was assessed.
BCS patients were recruited to a single centre, prospective study (REC= 08/H0719/37). Multispectral images were acquired from each resection surface of freshly excised BCS specimens. Image pre-processing included data normalization and dimensionality reduction. Intraoperative radiography and gold standard histological analysis were used to extract ground truth. Four machine learning classifiers were used for data analysis.
46 patients were recruited. MSI images provide information about tissues up to depths of 3mm, therefore image analysis was conducted on resection surfaces where tumour was noted within this depth. 6 specimens were excluded due to gross contamination with blue dye or poor image quality. Therefore, 38 surface images from 23 specimens were included for final analysis. Logistic regression resulted in an area under the curve of 89% (SD ± 7), sensitivity 86% (SD ± 12), and specificity 80% (SD ± 8).
MSI can distinguish between normal and malignant breast cancer tissues. Unlike existing systems, MSI provides immediate visualisation and evaluates the entire resection surface. Future work will focus on adapting MSI to overcome spectral artifacts and improving image analysis using varying machine learning classifiers, as speed and accuracy will optimize surgical workflow.Open Acces
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George I. Sanchez: Don Quixote of the Southwest
No full textThis historical study examines the career of George I. Sanchez, New Mexican educator, who led many political and educational battles in New Mexico and Texas to improve educational opportunities for Spanish-speaking children. Archival materials from the State Records' Center of New Mexico, the papers of Senator Bronson M. Cutting, the Rockefeller Foundation Archives, the papers of President Lyndon Baines Johnson, Sanchez's private papers, unpublished materials at the University of Texas in Austin, oral history, and published materials were used in this study. The author used oral history and archival materials to gather much of the information for this work. The author extends special thanks and appreciation to Mrs. George I. Sanchez for making Sanchez's private papers available for study. The author also wishes to thank Dr. Hector Garcia, Senator Ralph Yarborough, Judge Carlos Cadena, Tom Sutherland, Arthur Campa, J. W. Edgar, Ed Idar, Jr., John Silber, and Connie Sprague, Sanchez's daughter, for their help
Does corruption relieve foreign investors of the burden of taxes and capital controls?
No full textIn a sample of fourteen source countries making bilateral investments in forty five countries, the author finds that taxes, capital controls, and corruption, all have large, statistically significant negative effects on foreign investment. Moreover, there is no robust support in the data for the"efficient grease"hypothesis - that corruption helps attract foreign investment by reducing firms'tax burden and the irritant of capital controls.International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Capital Markets and Capital Flows,Decentralization,Fiscal&Monetary Policy,Economic Theory&Research,Economic Theory&Research,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Governance Indicators,National Governance,Capital Flows
Does"grease money"speed up the wheels of commerce?
No full textIf bureaucratic burden and delay are exogenous, a firm may find bribes a helpful way to cut through red tape. According to the"efficient grease"hypothesis, corruption can improve economic efficiency, and,fighting bribery can be counterproductive. This need not be the case. In a general equilibrium in which regulatory burden and delay can be endogenously chosen by rent-seeking bureaucrats, the effective (not just nominal) red tape and bribery may be positively correlated across firms. Using data from three worldwide firm-level surveys, the authors examine the relationship between bribe and payments, management time wasted with bureaucrats, and cost of capital. They find that firms that pay more in bribes are also likely to spend more, not less, management time with bureaucrats, negotiating regulations. They also face a higher, not lower, cost of capital.Public Sector Corruption&Anticorruption Measures,Decentralization,Pharmaceuticals&Pharmacoeconomics,Social Policy,Corruption&Anitcorruption Law,Governance Indicators,Public Sector Corruption&Anticorruption Measures,Corruption&Anitcorruption Law,TF054599-PHRD-KYRGYZ REPUBLIC: WATER MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENT PROJECT,Pharmaceuticals&Pharmacoeconomics
ASO author reflections: towards fluorescence guided tumor identification for precision breast conserving surgery.
No full textEffects of calcium channel blockers on pharmacologically induced contractions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestine
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The Role of the Posterior Parietal Cortex in Stereopsis and Hand-eye Co-ordination during Motor Task Behaviours
No full textThe field of ‘Neuroergonomics’ has the potential to improve safety in high-risk operative environments through a better appreciation of the way in which the brain responds during human-tool interactions. This is especially relevant to Minimally Invasive Surgery (MIS). Amongst the many challenges imposed on the surgeon by traditional MIS (laparoscopy), arguably the greatest is the loss of depth perception. Robotic MIS platforms on the other hand provide the surgeon with a magnified three-dimensional view of the environment, and as a result may offload a degree of the cognitive burden. The posterior parietal
cortex (PPC) plays an integral role in human depth perception. Therefore, it can be hypothesized that differences in PPC activation between monoscopic and stereoscopic vision may be observed. In order to investigate this hypothesis, the current study explores disparities in PPC responses between monoscopic
and stereoscopic visual perception to better de-couple the burden imposed by laparoscopy and robotic surgery on the operator’s brain. 14 participants conducted tasks of depth perception and hand-eye coordination under both monoscopic and stereoscopic visual feedback. Cortical haemodynamic responses were monitored throughout using optical functional neuroimaging. Overall, recruitment of the bilateral superior parietal lobule (SPL) was observed during both depth perception and hand-eye co ordination tasks. This occurred contrary to our hypothesis, regardless of the mode of visual feedback. Operator technical performance was significantly different in 2 and 3-dimensional visual displays. These differences in technical performance do not appear to be explained by significant differences in parietal lobe processing
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