1,487 research outputs found
Data and Scripts from: Competitive social feedback amplifies the role of early life contingency in male mice
No full textPlease cite as:
Matthew N. Zipple, Daniel Chang Kuo, Xinmiao Meng, Tess M. Reichard, Kwynn Guess, Caleb C. Vogt, Andrew H. Moeller, Michael J. Sheehan. (2024) Data and Scripts from: Competitive social feedback amplifies the role of early life contingency in male mice. [Dataset] Cornell University eCommons Repository. https://doi.org/10.7298/qcpe-9h62These files contain data supporting all results reported in Zipple et al. Competitive social feedback amplifies the role of early life contingency in male mice.
Contingency (or ‘luck’) in early life plays an important role in shaping individuals’ development. Here we show that competition magnifies early contingency by comparing the developmental trajectories of functionally genetically identical, free-living mice who either experienced high levels of resource competition (males) or did not (females). Male resource competition results in a feedback loop that magnifies the importance of early contingency and pushes individuals onto divergent, self-reinforcing life trajectories, while the same process appears absent in females. Our results indicate that the strength of sexual selection may be self-limiting and highlight the potential for contingency to lead to differences in life outcomes, even in the absence of any underlying differences in ability (‘merit’).We gratefully acknowledge our sources of funding that made this work possible. MNZ has been supported by an NSF postdoctoral fellowship in biology (award # 2109636) and a Klarman postdoctoral research fellowship from Cornell University. CCV is supported by a Mong Neurotechnology Fellowship from Cornell University. This work was also supported by Pilot and Feasibility awards to MNZ and MJS from the Animal Models for the Social Dimensions of Health and Aging Network (project #5R24AG065172-03). The costs of care for the mouse colony were supported in part by R35 GM138284 to Andrew Moeller
Ionic liquid behavior on rough surfaces
No full textSubmission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'Closed Access', the embargo will last until 2018-05-01The student, Alexis Sheehan, accepted the attached license on 2016-04-22 at 09:27.The student, Alexis Sheehan, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2016-04-22 at 09:40.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2016-04-25 at 08:32.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #9430 on 2016-07-07 at 14:17:53Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T21:17:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2016-04-25Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 93301
Lift date: 2018-07-07T21:18:16Z
Reason: Author requested closed access (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemLimited Restriction Lifted for Item 93301 on 2018-07-08T09:15:30Z.This study focuses on the effects of surface heterogeneities on the behaviour of ionic liquids. Ionic liquids have shown great promise as both electrolyte replacements and as lubricants in industrial applications. Previous studies have focused on ionic liquid behaviour on flat substrates. Understanding the behavior of ionic liquids (ILs) either confined between rough surfaces or in rough nanoscale pores is of great relevance to extend studies performed on ideally flat surfaces to real applications.
This work is comprised of three sets of experiments to determine the effects of nanoscale roughness and chemical surface properties on IL static and dynamic behavior. The first is an extensive investigation of the structural forces between two surfaces with well-defined roughness (<9 nm RMS) in 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([HMIM] Ntf2) by atomic force microscopy. Statistical studies of the measured layer thicknesses, layering force, and layering frequency reveal the ordered structure of the rough IL-solid interface. The second was a study of the frictional forces in [HMIM] Ntf2 on surfaces of varying roughnesses, both with and without confinement. These experiments focused on speed and load dependence of the friction force. The third investigated the effect of plasma treatment vs. UV ozone treatment of silica surfaces, in both [HMIM] Ntf2 and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([EMIM] Ntf2), on friction forces and adhesion. These experiments were completed without confinement.
This work shows that the equilibrium structure of the interfacial IL strongly depends on the topography of the contact. Most broadly an increase in layering is seen with confinement, as expected, but the layer size and push out forces are largely dependent on surface roughness. It is observed that the flat substrate shows a distinct layering pattern from the rough substrates; however notably layering is present on even the roughest surfaces. This work also showed that the decrease in ordering due to the presence of roughness leads to a decrease in friction forces, both unconfined and confined. The presence of roughness also appears to decrease the speed dependence of the friction response. This decrease in friction is likely due to an increase in liquid-like behavior of the IL on the rough surface. Last this work showed an increase in adhesion and friction force due to plasma treatment for [EMIM] Ntf2 with time but not for [HMIM] Ntf2. This reveals that while both ILs are hydrophobic they have different time-dependent responses to the more hydrophilic surface rich in silanol groups.
Overall this work illuminates the importance of studying systems closer to real applications as it clear that roughness and surface chemical modifications play an important role in IL surface behavior. It also suggests that IL may become more liquid-like than previously thought in rough pores, or between rough surfaces increasing their viability as both electrolyte replacements and lubricants
Colonic perforation in Behçet’s syndrome
No full textAuthor contributions: Authors affliated to the Department of Surgery managed the patient’s diagnosis, surgical treatment and post-operative care and all contributed equally to this paper; Sheehan JJ reported the imaging and Sheahan K reported the histopathology
Decoherence, Wave Function Collapses, Non Ordinary Statistical Mechanics, and the Second Principle
No full textWe show that the derivation of Lévy statistics from a Liouville‐like approach is still an unresolved problem, even though a satisfactory derivation resting on the Generalized Central Limit Theorem (GCLT) has been obtained. We discuss a quantum relaxation that according to the supposed equivalence between decoherence theory and wave function collapses is expected to be equivalent to the characteristic function of a Lévy process. We notice that this way of proceeding is equivalent to establishing a finite Kolmogorov‐Sinai (KS) entropy, and consequently, a condition compatible with the Second Principle of Thermodynamics even though the connection between this kind of entropy and the Clausius entropy is not yet known. The quantum treatment, based on density rather than the collapse‐induced symbolic sequences, conflicts with this conclusion
The role of intrapartum intravenous therapy and newborn weight loss: Challenging the 7% rule
No full text'To live and die [for] Dixie': Irish civilians and the Confederate States of America
No full textAround 20,000 Irishmen served in the Confederate army in the Civil War. As a result, they left behind, in various Southern towns and cities, large numbers of friends, family, and community leaders. As with native-born Confederates, Irish civilian support was crucial to Irish participation in the Confederate military effort. Also, Irish civilians served in various supporting roles: in factories and hospitals, on railroads and diplomatic missions, and as boosters for the cause. They also, however, suffered in bombardments, sieges, and the blockade. Usually poorer than their native neighbours, they could not afford to become 'refugees' and move away from the centres of conflict. This essay, based on research from manuscript collections, contemporary newspapers, British Consular records, and Federal military records, will examine the role of Irish civilians in the Confederacy, and assess the role this activity had on their integration into Southern communities. It will also look at Irish civilians in the defeat of the Confederacy, particularly when they came under Union occupation. Initial research shows that Irish civilians were not as upset as other whites in the South about Union victory. They welcomed a return to normalcy, and often 'collaborated' with Union authorities. Also, Irish desertion rates in the Confederate army were particularly high, and I will attempt to gauge whether Irish civilians played a role in this. All of the research in this paper will thus be put in the context of the Drew Gilpin Faust/Gary Gallagher debate on the influence of the Confederate homefront on military performance. By studying the Irish civilian experience one can assess how strong the Confederate national experiment was. Was it a nation without a nationalism
THE ROLE OF RUSSIAN SUBMARINES IN RUSSIAN MARITIME STRATEGY
No full textThis thesis evaluates the recent improvement of Russia's submarine program in light of the overall modernization of Russia's undersea capabilities. It is based on a combination of qualitative assessments from unclassified official publications from Russian maritime defense institutions, historical articles on Soviet submarine development, along with their use during the Soviet era, and contemporary studies of Russian submarines. It concludes that the Russian Navy is well on its way to replacing an aged Soviet submarine force with a smaller but more technologically advanced nuclear submarine fleet. Improved Russian submarines are employed in a variety of roles to blunt American strategic innovation. Russia's Deep-Water Special Operating Submarines (DWSOS) and its Oceanographic Research Vessels (ORV), in particular, are employed to reinforce a policy that aims to advance Russia's influence abroad. Russia's navy will undoubtedly attempt to counteract any improvements realized by the U.S. Navy to the extent it can. In that sense, Russian naval strategy will remain reactive to that of the United States and its European neighbors for the foreseeable future.Approved for public release. distribution is unlimitedLieutenant, United States Navyhttp://archive.org/details/theroleofrussian109456711
LESSONS LEARNED AND UNLEARNED: U.S. FIELD ARTILLERY SINCE THE END OF WWII
No full textThis thesis examines the adaptation of U.S. indirect-fire capabilities since 1945, with reference to three potential drivers of military innovation: new technology, combat experience, and external threats. Throughout this period U.S. artillery platforms and munitions—alongside the maneuver forces they were designed to support—have grown in complexity, lethality, accuracy, range, and mobility. Current U.S. artillery munitions nevertheless lag behind those of other modern militaries in important respects, including target-seeking rounds and the destruction of armor. In addition, today’s artillery platforms—towed and self-propelled alike—are too slow for a high-tempo fight. Thus, although capabilities have developed dramatically, in a large-scale combat operation, modern U.S. artillery would likely play a minor role.
This thesis examines 70 years of artillery development, and concludes that apart from the immediate pressures of active conflict, external threats are the primary driver of adaptation. Thus, current and future projects are likely to revolve around a singular focus: preparing to combat a peer adversary. In this regard, this thesis offers developmental recommendations to help the artillery branch maintain its hard-won historical position as the King of Battle.Approved for public release. distribution is unlimitedOutstanding ThesisCaptain, United States Arm
Development and Deployment of the Computer Assisted Neighborhood Visual Assessment System (CANVAS) to Measure Health-Related Neighborhood Conditions
No full textPublic health research has shown that neighborhood conditions are associated with health behaviors and outcomes. Systematic neighborhood audits have helped researchers measure neighborhood conditions that they deem theoretically relevant but not available in existing administrative data. Systematic audits, however, are expensive to conduct and rarely comparable across geographic regions. We describe the development of an online application, the Computer Assisted Neighborhood Visual Assessment System (CANVAS), that uses Google Street View to conduct virtual audits of neighborhood environments. We use this system to assess the inter-rater reliability of 187 items related to walkability and physical disorder on a national sample of 150 street segments in the United States. We find that many items are reliably measured across auditors using CANVAS and that agreement between auditors appears to be uncorrelated with neighborhood demographic characteristics. Based on our results we conclude that Google Street View and CANVAS offer opportunities to develop greater comparability across neighborhood audit studies
The Viking age glass beads of Ireland and their North Atlantic context
No full textHitherto, the majority of studies which have included the discussion of Viking glass beads have mainly focused on the assemblages from individual sites, with limited use of known parallels. Exceptions to this include recent publications regarding the Icelandic material and Callmer’s 1977 catalogue of the finds from mainland Scandinavia, now over thirty years old. Analysis of these finds from Ireland was, for the most part, non-existent. The aim of this research is to address this lack of analysis within Ireland, while incorporating the wider context of the beads within the Viking North Atlantic. The research thus examines the use of glass beads of diagnostically Scandinavian manufacture and import found in Ireland, particularly in relation to their context and distribution. The history of research from Ireland as well as from across the Viking world is considered and explored throughout the thesis, with critique of methods and discussions used. Focussed analysis of both published and unpublished material detailing artefacts from Scandinavia (especially Vestfold), Britain, Iceland, the Faroe Islands and L’Anse aux Meadows is presented within the thesis in order to provide the greater picture for the core section of the thesis, the glass beads found in Ireland. Three appendices are included within Volume 2, databases of the glass beads under discussion from Ireland, the Vestfold region graves in Norway and the topsoil finds from the Kaupang trading place, also located within Vestfold. These appendices therefore represent the first-hand analysis of glass beads by the author. In total, this research represents the most up-to-date analysis of Viking glass beads from Ireland and presents a new look at the patterns of use, trade and interpersonal contact that affected the everyday lives of individuals living within Viking Age Ireland
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