284 research outputs found
Vater und Tochter Lachmann.
No full textManuscript about the life of the author and poet Hedwig Lachmann Landauer and her father, the cantor Isaak Lachmann.Hertha Reinemann, 19981. Der Kantor Isaak Lachmann2. Hedwig Landauer-LachmannHedwig Lachmann was born 1865 in Pomerania. She was the wife of the politician Gustav Landauer (1870-1919); she died in 1918.Synopsis in File
The complexity of understanding others as the evolutionary origin of empathy and emotional contagion
No full textContagious yawning, emotional contagion and empathy are characterized by the activation of similar neurophysiological states or responses in an observed individual and an observer. For example, it is hard to keep one’s mouth closed when imagining someone yawning, or not feeling distressed while observing other individuals perceiving pain. The evolutionary origin of these widespread phenomena is unclear, since a direct benefit is not always apparent. We explore a game theoretical model for the evolution of mind-reading strategies, used to predict and respond to others’ behavior. In particular we explore the evolutionary scenarios favoring simulative strategies, which recruit overlapping neural circuits when performing as well as when observing a specific behavior. We show that these mechanisms are advantageous in complex environments, by allowing an observer to use information about its own behavior to interpret that of others. However, without inhibition of the recruited neural circuits, the observer would perform the corresponding downstream action, rather than produce the appropriate social response. We identify evolutionary trade-offs that could hinder this inhibition, leading to emotional contagion as a by-product of mind-reading. The interaction of this model with kinship is complex. We show that empathy likely evolved in a scenario where kin- and other indirect benefits co-opt strategies originally evolved for mind-reading, and that this model explains observed patterns of emotional contagion with kin or group members. © 2019, The Author(s)
An Assessment of Subjectivism. Its Meaning and its Limits
No full textThis working-paper deals with the meaning of the subjective theory of value. It is argued that in spite of its wide utilization in economic theory, subjectivism is an equivocal concept generating incompatible interpretations. The affluence of various and incompatible interpretations is the consequence of a conception that is either too complex or too elastic. This is the case since the subjective theory of value cannot accommodate most of the features that are traditionally associated with it: utility, marginalism, ordinal evaluation, knowledge, expectations. Actually, this working-paper defends a specific view of subjectivism which is much simpler than most of its current interpretations.
Três ensaios sobre o pensamento econômico de Ludwig Lachmann
No full textOrientador: Prof. Dr. Eduardo AngeliTese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Econômico. Defesa : Curitiba, 11/09/2023Inclui referênciasResumo: O presente trabalho visa identificar a consolidação dos aspectos subjetivistas distintivos de Ludwig Lachmann ao longo de sua carreira. O primeiro ensaio discorre sobre a trajetória acadêmica do autor em termos de "passos em direção à aplicação consistente do subjetivismo", apresentando uma leitura de seus escritos como um todo coerente no paradigma subjetivista, ao mesmo tempo em que identifica a influência decisiva de George Shackle sobre o autor a partir de determinado momento. No segundo ensaio, a análise dos escritos de Lachmann sobre as instituições sustenta a identificação de quatro níveis de coerência entre planos individuais (equilíbrio individual, equilíbrio interindividual, coordenação e ordem). No terceiro ensaio, foca-se no antagonismo entre Kirzner e Lachmann sobre a possibilidade de a atividade empresarial promover uma tendência sistemática para o equilíbrio entre planos individuais. Como um todo, argumenta-se que a consolidação do subjetivismo "radical" nos trabalhos de Lachmann sustenta sua rejeição à tendência ao equilíbrio interindividual, seu maior interesse no funcionamento das instituições na coordenação de planos que não deixam de ser inconsistentes entre si e em um método de análise econômica que não dependa de hipóteses específicas sobre a formação de expectativas entre os agentes, três pontos que gerariam críticas contundentes por parte de outros economistas identificados com a tradição AustríacaAbstract: The present work aims to identify the consolidation of Ludwig Lachmann's distinctive subjectivist aspects throughout his career. The first essay discusses the author's academic trajectory in terms of "steps towards the consistent application of subjectivism", presenting a reading of his writings as a coherent whole in the subjectivist paradigm, while identifying the decisive influence of George Shackle on the author from a certain point in time. In the second essay, the analysis of Lachmann's writings on institutions supports the identification of four levels of coherence among individual plans (individual equilibrium, inter-individual equilibrium, coordination and order). The third essay focuses on the antagonism between Kirzner and Lachmann regarding the possibility that entrepreneurial activity promotes a systematic tendency towards equilibrium between individual plans. As a whole, it is argued that the consolidation of "radical" subjectivism in Lachmann's works supports his rejection of the tendency towards inter-individual equilibrium, his greater interest in the functioning of institutions in the coordination of plans that are still inconsistent with each other and in a method of economic analysis that does not depend on specific hypotheses about the formation of expectations among agents, three points that would generate severe criticism from other economists identified with the Austrian traditio
The spirit of Lachmann, the spirit of Bédier: Old Norse textual editing in the electronic age
No full textIn this paper I would like to discuss some central aspects of textual editing, as it has been practised in Old Norse studies for the past century, and since we now are at the beginning of a new century, I shall venture some opinions on the direction of textual editing in the digital age. I shall do so by beginning with two key figures of modern textual history, the German scholar Karl Lachmann (1793–1851) and the French scholar and author Joseph Bédier (1864–1938). Their approaches to the art and science of editing are still highly relevant
Gender Inequity during the Ph.D.: Females in the Life Sciences Benefit Less from Their Integration into the Scientific Community
No full textFemale researchers remain underrepresented in higher academic ranks, even within female-dominated fields, such as the life sciences. The phenomenon is often attributed to women’s lower publication productivity. The current article explores gender differences with respect to integration into the scientific community, pursued tasks during the Ph.D. (e.g., teaching and research), and publication productivity in the life sciences. Moreover, it explores how these variables relate to the intention of pursuing an academic research career. Survey data with recent Ph.D. graduates from the life sciences in Germany (N = 736) were analyzed through descriptive and multivariate analysis. Females had fewer publications as lead author (1.4 vs. 1.9, p = 0.05). There were no differences in pursued tasks, perceived integration into the scientific community, and co-authorship. However, Ph.D. characteristics affected females and males differently. Only male Ph.D. graduates benefited from being integrated into their scientific community by an increase in lead author publications. In contrast to male Ph.D. graduates, women’s academic career intentions were significantly affected by their integration into the scientific community and co-authorship. Results suggest that women may benefit less from their integration into the scientific community and may ascribe more importance to networks for their career progress
Socialization of Young People within the Subculture of Graffiti
No full textIn the thesis the author is focused on socialization of young people within the subculture of graffiti. She discusses aspects of the individual's integration into the subculture and its rules, which then influence the style and quality of the new member's life. In the context of graffiti subculture the author describes members' relationships, which are deeply rooted in hierarchy. That is characterized by respecting older writers at the top of the hierarchical system, and vice versa despising new writers who do not respect subculture rules. In the theoretical part of the thesis, the author introduces the theoretical background of subculture research to the reader. She also familiarize the reader with subculture of graffiti in the Czech Republic. In the practical part, she introduces her own research, based on eight semi-structured interviews with members of Prague graffiti subculture and her observation. Based on collected data she comes to conclusion and answers her research questions
NTS2-selective neurotensin mimetics with tetrahydrofuran amino acids
No full textStimulation of the NTS2 neurotensin receptor causes antipsychotic effects and leads to a promotion of the l-opioid-independent antinociception, which is important in the modulation of tonic pain sensitivity. We report the synthesis and properties of a small library of peptidic agonists based on the active neurotensin fragment NT(8-13). Two tetrahydrofuran amino acid derivatives were synthesized to replace Tyr(11) in NT (8-13). Additionally, Arg(8), Arg(9), and Ile(12) of the lead peptide were exchanged by Lys, Lys, and Gly, respectively. The new compounds showed substantial NTS2 binding affinity and up to 1000-fold selectivity over NTS1. The highest selectivity (Ki(NTS2): 29 nM, Ki(NTS1): 35,000 nM) was observed for the peptide analog 17(Rtrans). (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Strategies of Bridging Differences
No full textThe bachelor thesis deals with stereotypical perception of nationalities among members of student organisation Charles University International Club which helps the incoming international students with their first orientation in Prague and learning about Czech culture. The thesis is based on theoretical background of national stereotypes such as their importance for individual and society or influence of personal meeting with member of the nation. The author conducted interviews with members of the student organisation and formed a situation model of understanding of differences based on paradigm model by Strauss and Corbin. The inspiration was drawn from Michèle Lamont and Sada Aksartova for the topic of bridging the national boundaries in mixed working collective which the author followed up on bridging of the national stereotypes through transnational attributes of students or by behavior
Peter (Peter) Lachmann’s life in the space of translation
No full textThe article discusses Przemysław Chojnowski’s research on the work of Peter (Piotr)
Lachmann, a German-Polish author born in pre-war Gliwice (Gleiwitz). Lachmann
consistently thematizes the experience of the borderland, describing his existence between
two languages and cultures, that is, a “life in translation”. The culmination of Chojecki’s
long-time research is the monograph Liminalność i bycie "pomiędzy" w twórczości
Petera (Piotra) Lachmanna. Studium literacko-kulturowe (Kraków, 2020), which is the
main subject of analysis in this article. This work situates itself in the domain of modern
anthropological-cultural comparative studies, clearly and convincingly demonstrating the
heuristic potential of such approach. Chojnowski’s book is not only a mine of information
about the work of Peter (Piotr) Lachmann, but also an invitation to discuss the broader
issues of borderland and cultural bivalence, usually associated with ambiguous national
identification
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