59 research outputs found
Numerical simulations of rotating axisymmetric sunspots
No full textA numerical model of axisymmetric convection in the presence of a vertical magnetic flux bundle and rotation about the axis is presented. The model contains a compressible plasma described by the non-linear MHD equations, with density and temperature gradients simulating the upper layer of the Sun's convection zone. The solutions exhibit a central magnetic flux tube in a cylindrical numerical domain, with convection cells forming collar flows around the tube. When the numerical domain is rotated with a constant angular velocity, the plasma forms a Rankine vortex, with the plasma rotating as a rigid body where the magnetic field is strong, as in the flux tube, while experiencing sheared azimuthal flow in the surrounding convection cells, forming a free vortex. As a result, the azimuthal velocity component has its maximum value close to the outer edge of the flux tube. The azimuthal flow inside the magnetic flux tube and the vortex flow is prograde relative to the rotating cylindrical reference frame. A retrograde flow appears at the outer wall. The most significant convection cell outside the flux tube is the location for the maximum value of the azimuthal magnetic field component. The azimuthal flow and magnetic structure are not generated spontaneously, but decay exponentially in the absence of any imposed rotation of the cylindrical domain
Converging and diverging convection around axisymmetric magnetic flux tubes
No full textA numerical model of idealized sunspots and pores is presented, where axisymmetric cylindrical domains are used with aspect ratios (radius versus depth) up to 4. The model contains a compressible plasma with density and temperature gradients simulating the upper layer of the Sun's convection zone. Non-linear magnetohydrodynamic equations are solved numerically and time-dependent solutions are obtained where the magnetic field is pushed to the centre of the domain by convection cells. This central magnetic flux bundle is maintained by an inner convection cell, situated next to it and with a flow such that there is an inflow at the top of the numerical domain towards the flux bundle. For aspect ratio 4, a large inner cell persists in time, but for lower aspect ratios it becomes highly time dependent. For aspect ratios 2 and 3 this inner convection cell is smaller, tends to be situated towards the top of the domain next to the flux bundle, and appears and disappears with time. When it is gone, the neighbouring cell (with an opposite sense of rotation, i.e. outflow at the top) pulls the magnetic field away from the central axis. As this happens a new inner cell forms with an inflow which pushes the magnetic field towards the centre. This suggests that to maintain their form, both pores and sunspots need a neighbouring convection cell with inflow at the top towards the magnetic flux bundle. This convection cell does not have to be at the top of the convection zone and could be underneath the penumbral structure around sunspots. For an aspect ratio of 1, there is not enough space in the numerical domain for magnetic flux and convection to separate. In this case the solution oscillates between two steady states: two dominant convection cells threaded by magnetic field and one dominant cell that pushes magnetic flux towards the central axis
Second Person Interview: Psycho-phenomenology, Descriptive Sampling Method and Clean Language Interviewing
No full textPřednáška představovala vybrané metody v oblasti zkoumání lidského vědomí z pozice druhé osoby v kognitivních vědách. Předně se soustředila na představení psycho-fenomenologie (Varela, Petitmengin), dále na expoziční rozhovory v rámci popisné metody vzorkování zkušenosti (Hurlburt) a nakonec na čisté dotazování.Přednáška představovala vybrané metody v oblasti zkoumání lidského vědomí z pozice druhé osoby v kognitivních vědách. Předně se soustředila na představení psycho-fenomenologie (Varela, Petitmengin), dále na expoziční rozhovory v rámci popisné metody vzorkování zkušenosti (Hurlburt) a nakonec na čisté dotazování.Lecture Presented basic method for researching of human consciousness from second person position. Author focused on introduction to psycho-phenomenology (Varela, Petitmengin), followed by Expositional Interview within Descriptive Experience Sampling Method (Hurlburt) and finally we discussed Clean Language Interviewing
Critical Science Plan for the Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST)
No full textFull list of authors: Rast, Mark P.; Bello González, Nazaret; Bellot Rubio, Luis; Cao, Wenda; Cauzzi, Gianna; Deluca, Edward; de Pontieu, Bart; Fletcher, Lyndsay; Gibson, Sarah E.; Judge, Philip G.; Katsukawa, Yukio; Kazachenko, Maria D.; Khomenko, Elena; Landi, Enrico; Martínez Pillet, Valentín; Petrie, Gordon J. D.; Qiu, Jiong; Rachmeler, Laurel A.; Rempel, Matthias; Schmidt, Wolfgang; Scullion, Eamon; Sun, Xudong; Welsch, Brian T.; Andretta, Vincenzo; Antolin, Patrick; Ayres, Thomas R.; Balasubramaniam, K. S.; Ballai, Istvan; Berger, Thomas E.; Bradshaw, Stephen J.; Campbell, Ryan J.; Carlsson, Mats; Casini, Roberto; Centeno, Rebecca; Cranmer, Steven R.; Criscuoli, Serena; Deforest, Craig; Deng, Yuanyong; Erdélyi, Robertus; Fedun, Viktor; Fischer, Catherine E.; González Manrique, Sergio J.; Hahn, Michael; Harra, Louise; Henriques, Vasco M. J.; Hurlburt, Neal E.; Jaeggli, Sarah; Jafarzadeh, Shahin; Jain, Rekha; Jefferies, Stuart M.; Keys, Peter H.; Kowalski, Adam F.; Kuckein, Christoph; Kuhn, Jeffrey R.; Kuridze, David; Liu, Jiajia; Liu, Wei search; Longcope, Dana; Mathioudakis, Mihalis; McAteer, R. T. James; McIntosh, Scott W.; McKenzie, David E.; Miralles, Mari Paz; Morton, Richard J.; Muglach, Karin; Nelson, Chris J.; Panesar, Navdeep K.; Parenti, Susanna; Parnell, Clare E.; Poduval, Bala; Reardon, Kevin P.; Reep, Jeffrey W.; Schad, Thomas A.; Schmit, Donald; Sharma, Rahul; Socas-Navarro, Hector; Srivastava, Abhishek K.; Sterling, Alphonse C.; Suematsu, Yoshinori; Tarr, Lucas A.; Tiwari, Sanjiv; Tritschler, Alexandra; Verth, Gary; Vourlidas, Angelos; Wang, Haimin; Wang, Yi-Ming.-- This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.The National Science Foundation’s Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST) will revolutionize our ability to measure, understand, and model the basic physical processes that control the structure and dynamics of the Sun and its atmosphere. The first-light DKIST images, released publicly on 29 January 2020, only hint at the extraordinary capabilities that will accompany full commissioning of the five facility instruments. With this Critical Science Plan (CSP) we attempt to anticipate some of what those capabilities will enable, providing a snapshot of some of the scientific pursuits that the DKIST hopes to engage as start-of-operations nears. The work builds on the combined contributions of the DKIST Science Working Group (SWG) and CSP Community members, who generously shared their experiences, plans, knowledge, and dreams. Discussion is primarily focused on those issues to which DKIST will uniquely contribute. © 2021, The Author(s).This work rests on many years of sustained vision, effort, and dedication by DKIST and DKIST instrument, team scientists, engineers, and administrative, support personnel, the unwavering commitment of the National Science Foundation, and the support of the US taxpayers. It includes contributions from members of the DKIST Science Working Group and the DKIST Critical Science Plan Community, all of whom generously shared their experiences, plans, knowledge, and dreams. The research reported herein was based in part on the National Science Foundation’s Daniel K. Inouye Solar Telescope (DKIST), a facility of the National Solar Observatory (NSO). NSO is managed by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation.With funding from the Spanish government through the Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence accreditation SEV-2017-0709.Peer reviewe
A New Bottle for Renewed Wine: The Arbitration Act, 1991
No full textThis article provides a useful overview of the 1991 Arbitration Act in Alberta and its similar counterparts in Ontario and Saskatchewan including a history of legislation governing arbitrations. The author outlines the purpose and function of the Arbitration Act and discusses how the legislation has fared, so far, in the courts. The article then ends with a discussion concerning the significance of the Arbitration Act for drafters. The appendix contains a valuable sample of case law concerning the new legislation in Alberta, Ontario and Saskatchewan
Leslie Mann Baseball Lantern Slide, No 4
No full textMilt Stock, a second and third baseman for the St. Louis Cardinals, poses for a photo while holding a baseball bat. There are stands for the crowd behind him, but they are empty.Milt Stock, who isn't demonstrating a proper stance in the photo, seems more to be posing for the camera. The photo and Stock's position represent a picture pose as Stock is also smiling in the photo. The picture may have relevance to the idea of Picture Day in baseball, as many little leagues have a day set aside where their photographs are taken and the pictures can be bought. Usually, young kids go for Picture Day and their photos are bought by their parents, and the photos usually involve the players holding the bat smiling in a similar position to the one that Stock has in this photo. Overall, this image more represents photography in baseball, and doesn't appear to have much hidden meaning behind the history of baseball or how to play baseball correctly.Milton Joseph Stock was born on July 11, 1893 in Chicago, Illinois. Stock was a second and third baseman (primarily a third baseman) who played for the New York Giants, Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, and the Brooklyn Robins. One of the most interesting facts about Stock is that he is the only player ever to record four or more hits in four straight games. In his last full season as a member of the Robins, Stock finished fifth in the league in hits with 202, and he seemed to be poised for a few more good seasons to come. However, during the 1926 preseason, Stock collided head first with Lou Gehrig. He tried to play that season, but only made it through 3 games before choosing to retire. After retiring, Stock briefly coached in the Major Leagues for the Dodgers, but made a crucial error in the last game of the season, a game the Dodgers had to win to advance to the playoffs. With the game tied at 1 and a player on first and second and no outs, the player at bat hit a single to center field, and despite having no outs and Jackie Robinson, one of the greatest baseball players ever, on deck, Stock waived the person on second home and he was thrown out. Because of this, the Phillies were able to intentionally walk Robinson and the next two players flew out. The Phillies won the game and Stock would never coach for the Dodgers again. Stock coached a couple more seasons for the Pirates before moving to the Minor Leagues.
For biographical information on Leslie Mann, see: https://springfield.as.atlas-sys.com/agents/people/563.I used facial recognition to identify the player in Slide 4 as Milt Stock.Good condition;This digital image is made from two separate digital scans; one scan of the lantern slide (reflective); one scan of the image (transparency); the two images were then combined in PhotoShop to create the final image
Paul Claudel and World War One
No full textThis thesis project investigates the experiences and thoughts of the prolific French writer and diplomat Paul Claudel in relation to World War I (WWI). This abstract will address the scope and results of this research, the methods used, and will make recommendations for further investigation of the topic. Scope. This research examines Claudel\u27s activities during WWI and his beliefs about that war. Although his concrete contributions to the war effort are many, the primary focus of this project is on his thoughts and how they were translated into his poetry. Methods. The cornerstone of this study was Claudel\u27s Journal and his poetry. Specifically, it concentrates on his journal entries from the beginning of the 2oth century until the end of the war and on his Poemes de Guerre and the Feuilles de Saints. The research for this thesis included invaluable visits wi,th the author\u27s family and with erudite professionals devoted to the study of Claudel\u27s life and work. These visits took place in France during a seven-month research tour at the Catholic University of Lyon. A meeting with Madame Renee Nantet, his daughter, at the Archives de Paul Claudel in Paris was one of the highlights and groundbreaking events of this project. In deciphering his vision and thoughts, it was necessary to analyze his life from the beginning. There were many clues that his past experiences came strongly into play with the complexities of violence and war. Much of this revolves around the profound impact of his conversion to Catholicism. Results. Claudel often bases his reasons for the war, its nature and its profound effect on man on spiritual grounds. Long before WWI broke out, he was fighting German philosophical thought and Protestantism, which he considered the backbone to Germany\u27s bellicosity. As a recognized diplomat and renowned poet and playwright, he had transcribed his personal and national sentiments about war onto paper. He was deeply involved in strategic propaganda operations during WWI. He lived the road to war as a diplomat in Germany years before the summer of 1914. As a fervent Catholic, Claudel always saw himself in the trenches battling for truth and to overcome sin. Recommendations and Conclusions. Becoming more intimate with Claudel\u27s thoughts and his idealism about of truth as he sees it, would bring greater understanding to his work. His production revolves around tension and the struggle for truth. Two prominent saints of the Catholic church had a great influence on the formulation of his views: Saints Augustine and Thomas. Sin and the constant struggle to achieve sanctity are Claudel\u27s trademarks. The battles that he describes are as personal as they are collective (i.e., pangermanism, nazism). For Claudel, WWI was the manifestation of a spiritual war waged in philosophical terms against irreligiousness which was well under way years before the summer of 1914
The founding principles of the Africa Inland Mission and their interaction with the African context in Kenya from 1895 to 1939: the study of a faith mission
No full textFaith missions have been largely overlooked in scholarly study, and when
noted often with varying degrees of misunderstanding. The purpose of this study is to
examine the founding principles of a faith mission, the Africa Inland Mission. Because
A.I.M. is predominantly an American mission, these principles will be studied in their
American, religious context. The development and application ofthese principles and
their interaction with the African context in Kenya is examined. Mission correspondence, documents, articles and memoirs provide the sources for this study.As a lay mission, A I M. thought that education and training were not needed
by missionaries to Africa. The qualities that were thought to be needed, particularly
Keswick piety and a missionary "call", are examined. After arriving in Kenya, the
missionaries discovered that more education was required by the African context than
they thought.As a faith mission, A.I.M. did not believe in soliciting funds, preferring to rely
upon God alone, through prayer to supply her needs. The origin ofhis policy and its
relationship to the Mission's Keswick piety are examined along with the change in the
Faith Basis introduced by Charles Hurlburt. The tensions produced between the need
to rely upon God alone for the Mission's needs, the need of communication with the
Mission's constituency, the need to develop adequate administrative structures and the
conflicts within the Mission produced by these tensions are examined.As a field-governed mission, A.I.M. was to be governed by the missionaries
on the field. In practice the Mission was first dominated by the charismatic leadership
of the founder Peter Cameron Scott, then by a strong General Director, Charles
Hurlburt, and finally by the home councils. The tensions that caused these changes
and the results of the changes are examined.As an evangelistic mission, A.I.M.'s theology of mission emphasized
evangelism over education and other social welfare ministries. In this section A.I.M.'s
theology and motives for evangelism are examinedWhen A I M. attempted to put its evangelism into practice in Kenya, she
found tensions between her theory of evangelism, her pragmatism in regard to
evangelistic methods, and the Kenyan context that lead to conflicts over social welfare
ministries. The methods, obstacles, and progress of A.I.M.'s evangelism in Kenya are
also examined.The educational conflict between A I M., the Kenyan colonial government,
and AT.M.'s African converts highlighted the interaction between AT.M.'s missionary
principles and the African context in Kenya.As an ecumenical mission, A.I.M. attempted to maintain positive relationships
with other protestant missions. AT.M.'s cooperation with other missions in Kenya,
participation in the Kikuyu church union movement, and the limits ofA.I.M.'s
ecumenism are examined.Indigenous church principles were not part of AIM's original principles.
Reasons for this are suggested, the introduction of these principles under Charles
Hurlburt is noted, and the attempt to implement them is evaluated.This study gives a clearer understanding of the actions of A.I.M. in Kenya
prior to World War II and the reasons for them and contributes to our knowledge of
faith missions
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