56 research outputs found
Study and Analysis of Fictional Elements of Fraed o Soluk
No full textThis article reviews and analyzes fictional elements of Fraed o Soluk.We research these titles: tale and story, genre, size, language, dialogue, character, narrator and speakers, view angle, action and structure of stories, moral results,time and place in Fraed o Soluk.This study explains the structure of stories from different dimensions. Fraed o Soluk includes the moral stories and its prose was written according to the method of Kalile va Demneh and Sandbadname.In stories and tales of Fraed of Soluk, there are features such as emphasis on the events, the absence of a strong cause and effect relationships between events, absolutism, moral results, immutability of characters, quality of narrative, common themes, and hypothetical time and place.There are 58 stories in Fraed o Soluk. The main stories are longer than secondary stories. Dialogue occurs mostly between main characters of stories. Linguistic features of technical prose (sixth and seventh century) in this book can be seen. There are 289 characters in the stories of this book. 85 percent are public and 15 percent are special. Most characters are animals (29 percent), men and boys (19/5 percent) and job holders (14 percent). Main narrators include: bookâs author, Behrooz, businessman son and Ghasir.The main narrators of the stories are often unknown.From a total of 58 stories, 45 percent have action and 55 percent have no specific action.95 percent of stories have moral results and recommendations.38 percent of the stories have time.70 percent of the stories have place
The Effects of Multiple Predator Species on the Prey's Risk of Predation
No full text110 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2003.Understanding whether a prey's risk of predation from individual predator species can be summed together to predict the predation risk when multiple predator species are together is crucial for predicting community dynamics. Observed predation risks can either match the predictions of a null model of additivity (additive risk) or vary from them (non-additive risk) in either a positive (risk enhancement) or negative direction (risk reduction). Additivity, risk enhancement, and risk reduction have all been documented in nature, but it is unclear how commonly each of these outcomes occurs within a large assemblage of predators because few studies have tested the assumption of additivity beyond one pair of predator species. To better understand how frequently the effects of multiple predator species are additive, I measured the risk of predation that mayfly larvae face from six different pairings of common stream predator species (represented by two insect and two fish species) and compared the observed risk to that predicted by a null model. Using controlled, replicated experiments in both artificial stream tanks and enclosures in a natural stream, I also evaluated whether the degree to which the observed risk differed from the expected risk was dependent on (1) the number of predator individuals or the number of predator species, (2) the identity of the prey species present, (3) the density of prey present, and (4) experimental venue. I found that observed risk levels were frequently reduced 15% or less compared to the model's predictions in the lab, despite the identity of the predator combination or prey present. The magnitude of the deviations from the model were similar in the presence of single and multiple predator species at the same predator density. In some cases, prey density influenced the level of risk reduction observed and the magnitude of risk reduction was greater in the field experiment than in lab experiments. By altering characteristics of the predators, prey, and experimental venue and evaluating their impacts on the outcome of multiple predator species interactions, my dissertation research provides a more complete picture of the realistic risk of predation prey face in the variable natural world.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD
The Effects of Multiple Predator Species on the Prey's Risk of Predation
No full textUnderstanding whether a prey's risk of predation from individual predator species can be summed together to predict the predation risk when multiple predator species are together is crucial for predicting community dynamics. Observed predation risks can either match the predictions of a null model of additivity (additive risk) or vary from them (non-additive risk) in either a positive (risk enhancement) or negative direction (risk reduction). Additivity, risk enhancement, and risk reduction have all been documented in nature, but it is unclear how commonly each of these outcomes occurs within a large assemblage of predators because few studies have tested the assumption of additivity beyond one pair of predator species. To better understand how frequently the effects of multiple predator species are additive, I measured the risk of predation that mayfly larvae face from six different pairings of common stream predator species (represented by two insect and two fish species) and compared the observed risk to that predicted by a null model. Using controlled, replicated experiments in both artificial stream tanks and enclosures in a natural stream, I also evaluated whether the degree to which the observed risk differed from the expected risk was dependent on (1) the number of predator individuals or the number of predator species, (2) the identity of the prey species present, (3) the density of prey present, and (4) experimental venue. I found that observed risk levels were frequently reduced 15% or less compared to the model's predictions in the lab, despite the identity of the predator combination or prey present. The magnitude of the deviations from the model were similar in the presence of single and multiple predator species at the same predator density. In some cases, prey density influenced the level of risk reduction observed and the magnitude of risk reduction was greater in the field experiment than in lab experiments. By altering characteristics of the predators, prey, and experimental venue and evaluating their impacts on the outcome of multiple predator species interactions, my dissertation research provides a more complete picture of the realistic risk of predation prey face in the variable natural world.Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T22:42:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only110 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2003
Factors Influencing the Functional Roles of Crayfish in Stream Ecosystems
No full textResults supported an important role for juvenile crayfish in both systems. At Jordan Creek, juveniles were >10 times more abundant than adults during summer and likely accounted for the majority of crayfish effects in the stream. At Shivering Sands Creek, small crayfish greatly reduced the abundance of many invertebrate taxa and also accelerated leaf litter breakdown rates within enclosures. In times and places where they are abundant, juvenile crayfish may strongly modify ecosystem processes and benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams.Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-28T15:22:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2004Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 88294
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Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only137 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2004
Factors Influencing the Functional Roles of Crayfish in Stream Ecosystems
No full text137 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2004.Results supported an important role for juvenile crayfish in both systems. At Jordan Creek, juveniles were >10 times more abundant than adults during summer and likely accounted for the majority of crayfish effects in the stream. At Shivering Sands Creek, small crayfish greatly reduced the abundance of many invertebrate taxa and also accelerated leaf litter breakdown rates within enclosures. In times and places where they are abundant, juvenile crayfish may strongly modify ecosystem processes and benthic invertebrate assemblages in streams.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD
Effects of Avian Predators on Stream Fish Assemblages
No full text83 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2003.The first chapter provides background material. The second chapter focuses on foraging behavior of kingfishers and great blue herons, and shows that netting and perches can be used to successfully manipulate avian predation pressure. The third chapter uses this technique to examine what effects kingfishers and wading birds are having on stream fish assemblages, and shows that there are effects are on two of the most abundant minnow species, striped shiners and central stonerollers. The fourth chapter documents how facilitation occurs between avian and aquatic predators, resulting in more prey being consumed when both predators are together than expected based upon the number of prey each prey consumes in isolation. The last chapter shows that both birds and bass produce non-lethal effects on prey habitat use, movement rates, and foraging activity. Taken together, this work shows that avian predators play an important role in affecting fish populations in aquatic systems.U of I OnlyRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETD
Effects of Avian Predators on Stream Fish Assemblages
No full textThe first chapter provides background material. The second chapter focuses on foraging behavior of kingfishers and great blue herons, and shows that netting and perches can be used to successfully manipulate avian predation pressure. The third chapter uses this technique to examine what effects kingfishers and wading birds are having on stream fish assemblages, and shows that there are effects are on two of the most abundant minnow species, striped shiners and central stonerollers. The fourth chapter documents how facilitation occurs between avian and aquatic predators, resulting in more prey being consumed when both predators are together than expected based upon the number of prey each prey consumes in isolation. The last chapter shows that both birds and bass produce non-lethal effects on prey habitat use, movement rates, and foraging activity. Taken together, this work shows that avian predators play an important role in affecting fish populations in aquatic systems.Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-25T22:42:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2003Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 86629
Lift date: Forever
Reason: Restricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsRestricted to the U of I community idenfinitely during batch ingest of legacy ETDsU of I Only83 p.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 2003
Macroinverfebrate Abundance and Production of Psammophifous Chironomidae in Shifting Sand Areas of a Lowland River
No full text Abundance and biomass of benthic macroinvertebrates from shifting sand areas in the bed of the Sand River in central Alberta, Canada, were examined for 1 yr. Macroinvertebrate density ranged from 12 000 to 78 000 individuals/m2, but total biomass was low (50–490 mg/m2 dry mass) due to the small size of most organisms. The interstitial larvae of two chironomid species (Robackia demeijerei and Rheosmittia sp.) contributed a mean of 80.6% biomass and 92.8% of total number of macroinvertebrates. Total annual secondary production of these two species (752.0 ± 144.5 mg∙m−2∙yr−1) was used as an estimate of total secondary production of benthic macroinvertebrates in shifting sand areas. Both R. demeijerei and Rheosmittia sp. exhibited larval growth and development rates much slower than those reported for comparably sized species in other habitats. Food or frequent disturbance may limit the growth of these species. Although unit area biomass and production were low relative to other lotie habitats, shifting sand areas make significant contributions to the river ecosystem because they occupy a large proportion of the river bed. </jats:p
Evaluation of the presence of Somatochlora hineana along the proposed corridor for the Caton Farm Road Bridge in the Des Plaines River Valley, Will County, Illinois
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Previous issue date: 2005Item marked as restricted to the 'INHS_Admin' Group (id=370) by Timothy Donohue ([email protected]) on 2009-03-30T17:36:10Z
Item is restricted indefinitely.Restriction data tranferred 2014-07-01T11:09:44-05:00
Original Data
Group with Access INHS_Admin
Release Date: none
Reason: INHS Staff asked that this be restricted because report contains sensitive information.INHS Staff asked that this be restricted because report contains sensitive information.INHS Technical Report prepared for Bureau of Design and Environment, Illinois Department
of TransportationLimitedID: 9011; issued May 1, 200
Population Viability of Mottled Sculpin (Cottus bairdi) in Black Partridge Creek
No full textMade available in DSpace on 2009-03-30T17:10:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2001INHS Technical Report prepared for Illinois Department of Transportation, Bureau of
Design and EnvironmentReport issued on: February 1, 200
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