671 research outputs found
Reduced ex vivo interleukin-6 production by dietary fish oil is not modified by linoleic acid intake in healthy men.
No full textFish oil (FO) is considered antiinflammatory, but evidence regarding its effect on human cytokine production is conflicting. High linoleic acid (LA) intake may impair any effects of FO. The aim of this study was to investigate how FO combined with high or low LA intake affected ex vivo cytokine production from cultures of whole blood, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and monocytes in healthy men. The study was a double-blinded, controlled, 2 x 2 factorial 8-wk intervention. Sixty-four healthy men were randomized to 5 mL/d FO or olive oil (OO) provided in capsules and to spreads and oils with high or low LA content, resulting in LA intakes of 7 ± 2% and 4 ± 1% energy, respectively. We measured eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in PBMC and stimulated cytokine production in whole blood and PBMC 24-h cultures before and immediately after intervention and after an 8-wk wash-out period, and in monocyte cultures immediately after intervention. PBMC-EPA was markedly increased by FO (P < 0.001). LA intake did not modify the incorporation of FO and tended to have only a slight effect on PBMC-EPA by itself (P = 0.06). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated whole-blood interleukin (IL)-6 production immediately after intervention was lower with FO than OO (P = 0.02) but did not correlate with PBMC-EPA in the FO groups (r = –0.12; P = 0.53; n = 31). The LA intake did not modify IL-6 production or the effect of FO. Neither FO nor LA intake affected the production of tumor necrosis factor-{alpha}, IL-10, or interferon-{gamma} in any of the cultures. In conclusion, FO intake reduced IL-6 production from LPS-stimulated whole blood in healthy men compared with OO, but the effect was not modified by the LA intake
C.T. Vivian, Joseph E. Lowery, and Tom Brown, circa 1980
No full textSouthern Christian Leadership Conference President Joseph E. Lowery is shown standing outside with C.T. Vivian (left) and Tom Brown (right) at Paschal's Motor Hotel.The Atlanta University Center Robert W. Woodruff Library acknowledges the generous support of the Joseph & Evelyn Lowery Institute for Justice and Human Rights, the Joseph Echols Lowery Irrevocable Trust, and other donors in supporting the processing and digitization of Morehouse College's Joseph Echols and Evelyn Gibson Lowery Collection
Pectin - Xyloglucan linkages in type I primary cell walls of plants
No full textEvidence for covalent pectin - xyloglucan linkages in the cell wall of growing cells and maturing tissues has been reported. In-vitro studies using isolated Golgi membranes, and pulse-labelling studies in vivo, indicate that pectin - xyloglucan linkages form in the Golgi apparatus. The structure and biological significance of these complexes are discussed. © 2005 Società Botanica Italiana.Abdel-Massih RM, 2003, PLANTA, V216, P502, DOI 10.1007-s00425-002-0861-y; Brett C.T., 1996, PHYSL BIOCH PLANT CE; BRETT CT, 2004, 10 CELL WALL M 2004, P66; Femenia A, 1999, CARBOHYD POLYM, V39, P151, DOI 10.1016-S0144-8617(99)00003-X; KEEGSTRA K, 1973, PLANT PHYSIOL, V51, P188, DOI 10.1104-pp.51.1.188; MCCANN MC, 1990, J CELL SCI, V96, P323; POPPER ZA, 2004, 10 CELL WALL M 2004, P85; Thompson JE, 2000, PLANTA, V211, P275, DOI 10.1007-s004250000287; Vincken JP, 2003, PLANT PHYSIOL, V132, P1781, DOI 10.1104-pp.103.022350; WALDRON KW, 1992, PHYTOCHEMISTRY, V31, P1931, DOI 10.1016-0031-9422(92)80336-D89
Contribuicao para o estudo da epidemiologia molecular e da patogenia das infeccoes causadas por Chlamydia trachomatis
No full textThe study determined Chlamydia trachomatis (C.t.) genotype E as predominant, in the biological products of Lisbon citizens infected by C.t.. The author developed an experimental model of chronic infection, using mice of different haplotypes, inoculated (once or more) in the uterus (through the vagina) with one E C.t. strain. C.t. was isolated, by culture, after the first inoculation, but C.t. DNA was detected during the six months period of experiments; C.t. remained in tubal tissues in a nonviable biological state. The humoral immune response of infected animals indicated a chronic C.t. infection. The evaluation of the genetic expression of different cytokines produced by Th1 or Th2 cells, couldn't determine a profile specifically related with the chronic C.t. infection; however, the IFN_#gamma# production by illiac node cells, only occured during the acute infection. The production of isotype IgG2a or IgG1 showed a Th1 profile in C3H/He mice and a Th2 profile in C57BL/6 mice. C3H/He mice produced antibodies to the C.t HSP60 (CHSP60) during both acute and chronic C.t. infection; C57BL/6 mice only reacted to CHSP60 when submitted to several C.t. infection episodes. Mice carrying a chronic C.t. infection didn't exhibit any histological changes suggesting episodes. Mice carrying a chronic C.t. infection didn't exhibit any histological changes suggesting the establishment of a chronic inflammatory processAvailable from Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Servico de Informacao e Documentacao, Av. D. Carlos I, 126, 1200 Lisboa / FCT - Fundação para o Ciência e a TecnologiaSIGLEPTPortuga
An Auto-Zero Stabilized Voltage Buffer with a Trimmed Input Current of 0.2pA
No full textThis paper presents an input-current trimming scheme for auto-zero amplifiers. Since their input current is mainly due to charge injection,the scheme operates by trimming the clock swing,and hence the charge injection,of two dummy input switches. At room temperature,the trimming scheme reduces the maximum input current of an auto-zero stabilized voltage buffer from 1pA to 0.2pA (13 samples) over its full input voltage range (0 to 1.3V). This increases to 0.4pA over temperature (0 to 85°C),which is well below the leakage of typical ESD diodes,and is the lowest input current ever reported for an auto-zero amplifier.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic InstrumentationMicroelectronic
An Auto-Zero-Stabilized Voltage Buffer With a Quiet Chopping Scheme and Constant Sub-pA Input Current
No full textThis article describes an auto-zero stabilized voltage buffer that achieves low offset and low noise with sub-pA input current. A high gain stabilization loop is used to periodically cancel the buffer’s offset. The loop itself is periodically disconnected from the buffer and auto-zeroed, during which its bandwidth is reduced to reduce the associated noise folding. However, this also reduces its offset correction range, and so to avoid overloading, its initial offset is digitally trimmed. To break up the correlation between the residual low-frequency (LF) noise of the auto-zero and stabilization phases, the loop is periodically chopped, which significantly reduces the buffer’s LF noise. Finally, the duty-cycle of the two phases is optimized to bring the buffer’s LF noise density close to 2–√ times its white noise density (14 nV/ Hz−−−√ ), which is the fundamental limit of an AZ amplifier. The buffer also achieves a constant and low input current (0.8 pA), as well as a state-of-the-art offset (0.4 μV ).Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic InstrumentationMicroelectronic
A Quiet Digitally Assisted Auto-Zero-Stabilized Voltage Buffer with 0.6pA Input Current and 0.6μV Offset
No full textThe readout of high impedance sensors and sampled voltage references [1]requires amplifiers with both low offset and low input current. Chopper amplifierscan achieve low offset, but the switching of their input chopper gives rise tosignificant input current (40 to 110pA) [2-4]. Auto-zero (AZ) amplifiers requireless input switching, but exhibit more voltage noise. However, ping-pongamplifiers continuously swap two auto-zeroed input stages, leading to moreswitching [5,7]. In this work, an AZ stabilized topology is proposed, in which asingle amplifier is always present in the signal path. Only one input switch isrequired, resulting in an input current of 0.6pA (max), a 66× improvement on thestate-of-the art [4]. Furthermore, a digitally assisted offset-reduction schemereduces its low-frequency (LF) noise to the theoretical √5× limit. It also achievesa state-of-the-art maximum offset of 0.6μV.Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Electronic InstrumentationMicroelectronic
An Exploratory Analysis of the Timing of Job Reentry for Married Women in Taiwan
No full text本研究之特點在於採用事件史分析法來探討已婚婦女再就業之時機及其解釋因素。採用行政院主計處「婦女婚育與就業調查」1983與1993兩年資料，本研究先針對20-26歲已婚婦女再就業型態加以分類並描述其人口特質，其次針對「曾因結婚離職」與「曾因生育離職」者，分析其再就業時間之分布。研究指出，在離職後之20年間，「曾因結婚離職者」再就業之可能性比「曾因生育離職者」低，而且再就業可能性1993年比1983年高。尤值得注意的，離職後第三年與第十年均為再就業之高峰期，這個現象又以「曾因生育離職者」最為明顯。採用「卡克斯模型」分析，發現影響婦女「再就業」的解釋因素中「年齡」與「配偶教育」在兩類復職與各年間均有一致的負效應，即不利於再就業。另外，在「曾因生育離職」婦女中，須照顧小孩者不利於再就業，也在1983與1993兩年資料中一致出現。研究結果說明著台灣婦女再就業仍受到家庭生命週期的影響，隱含對於傳統性別角色專業化說法的支持，以及家庭經濟理性的考量仍重於婦女個人薪資效益的考量。由於在1983至1993年間，婦女個人教育的效應從不顯著轉變為顯著且正面的淨影響，即婦女個人教育高有助於再就業，意含著婦女個人因素的重要性隨時間增加中。This research examined the timing of job reentry for married women who had ever quitted from job market due to marriage or birth. Using 1983 and 1993 waves of Fertility and Employment of Married Women Survey conducted by DGBAS, the author converted the retrospective information in the survey into women’s work histories. This paper reported that these women were more likely to reenter job market in the third and the tenth years after quitting than any other time. The peaks of the curve were of particular prominence in 1993 sample and for the birth-quitting women. By employing the Cox Model, the author further analyzed the factors that might be used to interpret the event of job reentry while censoring was taken into account. Both models of marriage-quitting and of birth-quitting commonly revealed that age and spouse’s schooling were negatively related to the job reentry. Childcare was another factor that negatively affected the job reentry for birth-quitting women in both survey years. Besides, schooling was getting important in 1993 when compared with that in 1983
Examining the Feminization of Poverty in Taiwan: A Case of 1990s
No full text本研究採用主計處「家庭收支調查」1991-2000 年資料，探討台灣地區「貧窮女性化」的現象及其特性。研究發現，貧戶中女性戶長家戶比例十年間大致呈現上升，且女性戶長家戶貧窮率每年也都比男性戶長家戶為高；但經由「貧窮比」分析，發現貧窮性別差異十年間頗為穩定。因此，可以說台灣地區「貧窮女性化」現象，只能算是方興未艾！在比較不同家戶組成的分析中，發現「單親戶」貧窮率不是最高的，其趨勢不僅沒有增加反而在1993 年之後有好轉的現象；值得注意的是，「有依賴子女」的女性戶長家戶具有穩定偏高的貧窮率，可是性別貧窮比也未呈現任何上升的趨勢。最後，根據多變項分析結果，在戶長年齡、戶長教育、依賴子女數等變項的控制下，女性戶長家戶相對於男性戶長家戶具有較高的機會落入貧窮，而「是否為單親」對貧窮的影響則不顯著，這種情形在「有依賴子女」的家戶當中，更為明顯。可以說，「成為單親」並非是台灣女性戶長家戶落入貧窮的主因，而是「有依賴子女」才具有更穩定的解釋力。The phenomenon of feminization of poverty has been widely discussed in US, mainly due to the increasing proportion of poor who were females, during 1960-1980. Along with the trend of urbanization and modernization, since 1990, Taiwan has begun to experience the increase in divorce rates and concomitantly the increase in number of one-parent families. Using data from the Survey of Family Income and Expenditure (SFIE), 1991-2000 waves, conducted by DGBAS annually, the author intended to examine the hypothesis of feminization of poverty in terms of changes in proportion of poverty rate as well as poverty ratio. Instead of using individuals as analytical units, the author focused on comparing various types of household units and found the trend of increasing proportion of female headed households that were poor. However, no tangible trends were found either between families of male and female householders or among different family types, when poverty ratios were used for testing the feminization hypothesis. When the traits of householders were under controlled, unlike those found in the US and some Western countries, mother-only families in Taiwan were not significantly related to the likelihood of poverty, but the number of cohabiting children had positive effects on being poverty of households during 1990s
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