1,720,993 research outputs found
Archaeology and Ethnicity: Avars, Caranths and Moravians in the 8th Century
No full textThe author poses the question as to whether or not it is possible to draw conclusions about the ethnic consciousness of the Avars on the basis of archaeological findings from the 8th century. As currently used in the historical and social science literature the term ,ethnicity\u27 usually refers to communities who differentiate themselves from other groups in terms of their language, history, origins, religion, dress, material culture etc., and who create a sense of belonging together from that consciousness. The author outlines the present state of knowledge about the Avars, which is predominantly based on the results of excavations of Avar burial sites. Avarian culture emerged in the Carpathian basin from the 6th century onwards at a point where the byzantine culture of the east came into contact with the bavarian-frankish culture to the west. However, owing to the fact that most of our knowledge of the Avars\u27 culture is based upon fragmentary material evidence - nothing of their oral traditions has survived - it is very difficult to come to any firm conclusions as to their sense of ethnicity.The author poses the question as to whether or not it is possible to draw conclusions about the ethnic consciousness of the Avars on the basis of archaeological findings from the 8th century. As currently used in the historical and social science literature the term ,ethnicity\u27 usually refers to communities who differentiate themselves from other groups in terms of their language, history, origins, religion, dress, material culture etc., and who create a sense of belonging together from that consciousness. The author outlines the present state of knowledge about the Avars, which is predominantly based on the results of excavations of Avar burial sites. Avarian culture emerged in the Carpathian basin from the 6th century onwards at a point where the byzantine culture of the east came into contact with the bavarian-frankish culture to the west. However, owing to the fact that most of our knowledge of the Avars\u27 culture is based upon fragmentary material evidence - nothing of their oral traditions has survived - it is very difficult to come to any firm conclusions as to their sense of ethnicity
Das Bauwerk als aistheton soma. Eine Neuinterpretation der Hagia Sophia im Spiegel antiker Vermessungslehre und angewandter Mathematik
No full textThe broad reception of Vitruvius in architectural history has especially accounted for the fact that fields of knowledge essential for the understanding of ancient processes of design and planning remain hitherto unconsidered. Although Vitruvius discusses various methods for designing ideal type and modularised architecture the question of mathematical and technical basics for creating a real building is still open, i.e. the practical transformation on the actual building site with all its needs such as architectural surveying and logistics. An as yet widely unsolved problem is which knowledge enabled antique and late antique architects and engineers to provide the rationally comprehensive frame needed to make the theoretical constructions calculatable and plannable buildings.The study of the Hagia Sophia (532-537) and its architects Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus leads us to an important source which can fill this gap of knowledge effectively and which proved to be an indispensable basis for understanding ancient architecture in its whole. Late antique sources and primarily the structure of the building itself document that the exceptional achievements of design and planning must be associated with the writings of Heron of Alexandria. From the 1st century AD to the Byzantine period in his name handbooks for engineers of various disciplines were distributed which provided obligatory instruments of calculation with systematically compiled tasks for all groupsof profession engaged in building. Particularly Heron’s scientific discipline of surveying and his treaty on vaults demonstrated to be revised by Isodore, can be assessed as a basis for planning and building. Only if knowing these sources the processes necessary for transforming an ideal plan into a real still existing construction can be reconstructed. TheHagia Sophia therefore is a unique example in which written sources and architectural remains can be analysed and complement each other in a singular way; at the same time it establishes an entirely new model of interpretation for ancient planning praxis
Kalenderbauten? -- Zur astronomischen Ausrichtung der Kreisgrabenanlagen in Niederösterreich
No full textEine Untersuchung von 28 neolithischen Kreisgrabenanlagen Niederösterreichs ergab, dass etwa ein Drittel der Anlagen nicht solaren, sondern stellaren Bezug hatte, wobei eine Ausrichtung zum Aufgang der Pleiaden und dem gleichzeitigen Untergang des Antares am häufigsten vorkommt. Der heliakische Aufgang der Pleiaden konnte als Beginn des bäuerlichen Jahres verwendet werden. An investigation of 28 neolithic circular enclosures (Kreisgrabenanlagen) showed a frequent orientation of doorways towards the rising point of the Pleiades star cluster and the setting point of the star Antares. The heliacal rising of the Pleiades could be used as start signal for the agricultural year
Das Bauwerk als aistheton soma. Eine Neuinterpretation der Hagia Sophia im Spiegel antiker Vermessungslehre und angewandter Mathematik
No full textThe broad reception of Vitruvius in architectural history has especially accounted for the fact that fields of knowledge essential for the understanding of ancient processes of design and planning remain hitherto unconsidered. Although Vitruvius discusses various methods for designing ideal type and modularised architecture the question of mathematical and technical basics for creating a real building is still open, i.e. the practical transformation on the actual building site with all its needs such as architectural surveying and logistics. An as yet widely unsolved problem is which knowledge enabled antique and late antique architects and engineers to provide the rationally comprehensive frame needed to make the theoretical constructions calculatable and plannable buildings.The study of the Hagia Sophia (532-537) and its architects Anthemius of Tralles and Isidore of Miletus leads us to an important source which can fill this gap of knowledge effectively and which proved to be an indispensable basis for understanding ancient architecture in its whole. Late antique sources and primarily the structure of the building itself document that the exceptional achievements of design and planning must be associated with the writings of Heron of Alexandria. From the 1st century AD to the Byzantine period in his name handbooks for engineers of various disciplines were distributed which provided obligatory instruments of calculation with systematically compiled tasks for all groupsof profession engaged in building. Particularly Heron’s scientific discipline of surveying and his treaty on vaults demonstrated to be revised by Isodore, can be assessed as a basis for planning and building. Only if knowing these sources the processes necessary for transforming an ideal plan into a real still existing construction can be reconstructed. TheHagia Sophia therefore is a unique example in which written sources and architectural remains can be analysed and complement each other in a singular way; at the same time it establishes an entirely new model of interpretation for ancient planning praxis
Herkules und der Löwe des Heiligen Markus. Der mittelalterliche Transfer "paganer" Antike an die Fassade von San Marco in Venedig
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