87,026 research outputs found
Students' perceptions of the nature of evolutionary theory
No full textThis study explored how some college students understand the nature of the theory of evolution and how they evaluate its scientific status. We conducted semistructured interviews with 15 college biology seniors in which we asked them to explain why they think evolution assumes the status of a scientific theory, how it compares to other scientific theories, and what criteria do they use to determine if an explanation is scientific or not. Students' responses encompassed five themes that include evidence, certainty, experimentation, method of theory generation, and prediction. Those themes focused on the theory's empirical dimension which seemed to be derived from a generic and simplistic model of physical science theories that valued direct evidence. Demanding that evolutionary theory conform to this model reveals a misunderstanding of its nature. This misunderstanding was expressed in relation to aspects of methodology, explanation, and prediction. The findings underscore the need for using explicit discipline- and context-specific approaches to teaching and learning about scientific theories. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Abd-El-Khalick F., 2001, J SCI TEACHER ED, V12, P215, DOI DOI 10.1023-A:1016720417219; Abd-El-Khalick F, 2000, INT J SCI EDUC, V22, P665, DOI 10.1080-09500690050044044; Abd-El-Khalick F, 2000, J RES SCI TEACH, V37, P1057, DOI 10.1002-1098-2736(200012)37:101057::AID-TEA33.0.CO;2-C; ALEIXANDRE MJ, 1992, INT J SCI ED, V14, P51; American Association for the Advancement of Science, 1990, SCI ALL AM; Anderson DL, 2002, J RES SCI TEACH, V39, P952, DOI 10.1002-tea.10053; Bartholomew H, 2004, SCI EDUC, V88, P655, DOI 10.1002-sce.10136; BISHOP BA, 1990, J RES SCI TEACH, V27, P415, DOI 10.1002-tea.3660270503; Brem SK, 2003, SCI EDUC, V87, P181, DOI 10.1002-sce.10105; Brickhouse N. W., 2002, SCI ED, V11, P573, DOI 10.1023-A:1019693819079; Cartwright N., 1983, HOW LAWS PHYS LIE; CLOUGH M, 1995, AM BIOL TEACH, V5, P401; Dagher ZR, 2004, INT J SCI EDUC, V26, P735, DOI 10.1080-0950069032000138806; Dagher ZR, 1997, J RES SCI TEACH, V34, P429, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1098-2736(199705)34:5429::AID-TEA23.0.CO;2-S; Driver R., 1996, YOUNG PEOPLES IMAGES; Duschl R. A., 1990, RESTRUCTURING SCI ED; Elgin M, 2003, PHILOS SCI, V70, P1380, DOI 10.1086-377415; Ferrari M, 1998, INT J SCI EDUC, V20, P1231, DOI 10.1080-0950069980201005; Fysh R., 1998, RES SCI EDUC, V28, P399, DOI 10.1007-BF02461507; Ghiselin Michael T., 1997, METAPHYSICS ORIGIN S; GIBBS A, 1992, AM BIOL TEACH, V54, P137; DEMASTES SS, 1995, SCI EDUC, V79, P637, DOI 10.1002-sce.3730790605; Griffiths A. K., 1995, SCH SCI MATH, V95, P248, DOI DOI 10.1111-J.1949-8594.1995.TB15775.X; JACKSON D, 1995, J RES SCI TEACH, V34, P93; Khishfe R, 2002, J RES SCI TEACH, V39, P551, DOI 10.1002-tea.10036; Leach J, 2003, SCI EDUC, V87, P831, DOI 10.1002-sce.10072; Lemke J. L, 1990, TALKING SCI; Mahner M., 1997, FDN BIOPHILOSOPHY; Matthews M., 2000, TIME SCI ED TEACHING; Mayr E., 1982, GROWTH BIOL THOUGHT; Mayr E., 2001, WHAT EVOLUTION IS; MCCOMAS W, 1909, NATURE SCI SCI ED RA, P3; McComas W. F., 1998, NATURE SCI SCI ED RA, P41; Meyling H., 1997, SCI EDUC, V6, P397, DOI 10.1023-A:1017908916810; National Academy of Sciences, 1998, TEACH EV NAT SCI; National Research Council, 1996, NAT SCI ED STAND; NORRIS S, 1995, J RES SCI TEACH, V22, P817; Osborne J, 2003, J RES SCI TEACH, V40, P692, DOI 10.1002-tea.10105; Passmore C, 2002, J RES SCI TEACH, V39, P185, DOI 10.1002-tea.10020; Root-Bernstein R., 1984, P64; Rose Steven, 1998, LIFELINES BIOL DETER; Roth WM, 1997, J RES SCI TEACH, V34, P145, DOI 10.1002-(SICI)1098-2736(199702)34:2145::AID-TEA43.0.CO;2-T; Rudolph JL, 2000, J CURRICULUM STUD, V32, P403, DOI 10.1080-002202700182628; Ruse M., 1988, PHILOS BIOL TODAY; RYAN AG, 1992, SCI EDUC, V76, P559, DOI 10.1002-sce.3730760602; Sandoval WA, 2003, J RES SCI TEACH, V40, P369, DOI 10.1002-tea.10081; Schwab J. J., 1962, TEACHING SCI, P1; Shipman HL, 2002, SCI EDUC, V86, P526, DOI 10.1002-sce.10029; Sinatra GM, 2003, J RES SCI TEACH, V40, P510, DOI 10.1002-tea.10087; Sober E., 1993, PHILOS BIOL; SOLOMON J, 1992, J RES SCI TEACH, V29, P409, DOI 10.1002-tea.3660290408; Stewart J, 2001, SCI EDUC, V85, P207, DOI 10.1002-sce.1006; Strauss A. L., 1987, QUALITATIVE ANAL SOC34323
Seismic strengthening of bond-critical regions in rectangular reinforced concrete columns using fiber-reinforced polymer wraps
No full textThe use of external fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) wraps for bond strengthening of spliced reinforcement in rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) columns and the consequent effect on the seismic response of the columns are experimentally investigated. Fullscale-unconfined and FRP-confined column specimens with lap-spliced reinforcement at the base were tested Also, companion columns with continuous reinforcement and with internal steel confinement to satisfy the ACI building code requirements for regions of high seismic hazard (earthquake-resistant columns) were tested for comparison. It was found that confining the spliced zone with FRP wraps increased the bond strength of the spliced bars, reduced the bond deterioration and pinching under cyclic loading, and increased the lateral load resistance and ductility of the columns. The corresponding improvements approached those of the earthquake-resistant columns. The lateral strain developed in the FRP increased with decreasing ratio of concrete cover to splice diameter and with increasing area of FRP wraps. The predictions of bond strength of spliced bars in FRP-confined concrete using available design expressions were in good agreement with the test data. © 2008, American Concrete Institute. All rights reserved.ACI Committee, 2002, 31802 ACI; ACI Committee 440, 2002, 4402R02 ACI; *ACI INN TASK GROU, 1999, ITGT1199 ACI; Darwin D, 2005, ACI STRUCT J, V102, P892; Harajli MH, 2005, J COMPOS CONSTR, V9, P4, DOI 10.1061-(ASCE)1090-0268(2005)9:1(4); HARAJLI MH, 2005, FIBER REINFORCED POL, P579; Harajli MH, 2004, ACI STRUCT J, V101, P47; Harries KA, 2006, ACI STRUCT J, V103, P874; ORANGUN CO, 1975, 1543F1975 U TEX AUST; Sause R, 2004, ACI STRUCT J, V101, P708; Seible F, 1997, J COMPOS CONSTR, V1, P52, DOI 10.1061-(ASCE)1090-0268(1997)1:2(52); Sheikh SA, 2002, ACI STRUCT J, V99, P72; Zuo J, 2000, ACI STRUCT J, V97, P63023212
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Diversity of Lebanese royal irises, illustrated by some of the studied taxa.
No full textA: Iris sofarana subsp. sofarana, B: I. sofarana subsp. kasruwana, C: I. cedreti, D: I. westii, E: I. bismarckiana, F: I. lortetii, G: I. antilibanotica. Photographs from M. Bou Dagher-Kharrat</p
[Newspaper Clipping: Author Claims Evidence of Second JFK Assassin #1]
No full textNewspaper article titled "Author Claims Evidence of Second JFK Assassin." The article states that author Richard J. Whalen concluded "that there is circumstantial evidence to support the theory of a second assassin in the shooting of President John F. Kennedy.
Also By The Same Author: AKTiveAuthor, a Citation Graph Approach to Name Disambiguation
No full textThe desire for definitive data and the semantic web drive for inference over heterogeneous data sources requires co-reference resolution to be performed on those data. In particular, name disambiguation is required to allow accurate publication lists, citation counts and impact measures to be determined. This paper describes a graph-based approach to author disambiguation on large-scale citation networks. Using self-citation, co-authorship and document source analyses, AKTiveAuthor clusters papers, achieving precision of 0.997 and recall of 0.818 over a test group of eight surname clusters
John F. Kennedy telegram to Roosevelt
No full textJersey Homesteads (later the Borough of Roosevelt) was established in the 1930s as an agro-industrial cooperative community. It was established specifically for urban Jewish garment workers, many of whom had emigrated from Europe. President John F. Kennedy sent a telegram to the citizens of Roosevelt, New Jersey, apologizing for not being able to attend the memorial dedication in honor of former President Franklin Delano Roosevelt. (Jersey Homesteads became Roosevelt in 1945 in honor of the president.) President Kennedy expressed his gratitude to the people of Roosevelt for constructing the memorial, and commented that it will serve as a constant reminder of Roosevelt's good works
Logarithmic variance profiles and the corresponding f-1 spectra of temperature fluctuations in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection
No full textWe report experimental results for the temperature variance 2(z) and the corresponding frequency spectra P(f) in turbulent Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RBC) in a cylindrical sample of aspect ratioT= D/L = 1:00 (D = 1:12 m is the diameter and L = 1:12 m the height). The measurements were conducted in the Rayleigh-number range 1011 < Ra < 1:35 1014 and Pr ' 0:8. For Ra = 1:35x1014, 2(z) could be described well by a logarithmic dependence on the vertical position z in a range of z 1 < z < z 2 with z 1 ' 70 and z 2 = 0:1L. Here L=(2Nu) is the thickness of a thin thermal sublayer adjacent to the horizontal plate where the heat flux (denoted by the Nusselt number Nu) is carried mostly by thermal diffusion. In the log layer, we found that the temperature spectra had a significant frequency range over which P(f) f with close to 1. As Ra decreased, increased so that the log layer became thinner. At Ra = 2:05 1011, z 2 < z 1 and therefore there was no range for a log layer. Correspondingly, the temperature spectrum near the horizontal plate did not have the f1 scaling form either
Maine author Franklin F. Gould recalls his first glimpse of the outside world
No full textMaine author Franklin F. Gould recalls his first glimpse of the outside world as he relates how, as a young farm boy in the late 1800\u27s, he drove his father\u27s horses on an errand to an icebound river
Mapping the Discipline of the Olympic Games An Author-Cocitation Analysis
No full textThe authors conducted an author cocitation analysis on prominent authors writing about the Olympics during the 1990s. Author cocitation is an established bibliometric technique that can be used to measure the relative similarities of topics written about by the cited authors. This enables a visual representation of the “intellectual space” of the discipline, in this case the Olympics, to be created for the period under review. So core and peripheral research areas are identified, along with their major contributors. The representation appears as a two-dimensional cluster-enhanced map. Subject expertise was then applied to the results to place labels on the generated clusters of authors and their topics
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