7 research outputs found
GENERATION MEANS ANALYSIS FOR SOME QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) CROSSES FROM ETHIOPIA
No full textThe nature of gene action governing the expression of various traits is very helpful in formulating an effective and sound breeding program. The objective of the present study was to determine the type and magnitude of gene action in sesame using generation means analysis to provide a basis for an evaluation of selection methods for the improvement of sesame. The six basic generations parent 1(P1), parent 2 (P2), hybrid (F1), F2, back cross 1(BC1) and back cross (BC2) of five crosses such as cross-1 (EW002 x BG006), cross-2 (Dicho x EW006), cross-3 (EW002 x Dicho), cross-4 (Obsa x Dicho) and cross-5 (EW002 x Obsa) were planted in 2012 and 2013 at Uke trial site of Bako Agricultural Research Center in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The combined analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among generations for all the traits in all crosses. Simple additive-dominance model exhibited lack of good fit for all the characters studied in all the crosses, except days to maturity in cross 2. The result of the generation means analysis showed that days to flowering, plant height, branches per plant, and capsules per plant and yield per plant were found to be under the control of additive and non-additive gene effects, coupled with duplicate type of epitasis. Biparental mating followed by selection of desired recombinants from the segregating population is the most applicable breeding methodology for traits under the influence of duplicate type of epitasis. Complementary type of epitasis was only observed for plant height in cross 1 and capsules per plant in cross 3, which appeared to be desirable and would be helpful in further improvement of these traits
Combing Ability for Seed Yield and Agronomic Traits of Sesame Genotypes (Sesamum indicum L.) from Western Ethiopia
No full textKnowledge of the genetic control of characters is essential for breeders to decide on the breeding procedure to follow. The aim of this study was to determine the nature of gene action in the inheritance of major quantitative traits in sesame. Ten parents of sesame were crossed in year 2011 in a 10 x 10 full diallel mating system. Data were collected for major agronomic traits, grain yield and oil content. F1 progenies along with their parents were evaluated during 2012 cropping season in a randomized complete block design with three replicates at Uke and Wama trial sites of Bako Agricultural Research Center. For all traits, general (GCA) and specific (SCA) combining abilities were highly significant. Mean square for reciprocal effects were significant for all traits except plant height. Inbred lines Dicho, EW002, BG006, Obsa and EW003-1 had positive GCA effects for seed yield per plant. Parental line BG006 had high GCA for oil content. For seed yield per plant, direct crosses BG006 x EW003-1, EW023-2 x Wama, EW003-1 x EW019 and EW003-1 x EW010-1 had high SCA effects, while EW019 x Dicho and Obsa x Dicho had high SCA for oil content. For seed yield per plant, reciprocal crosses EW010-1 x EW002, EW006 x BG006, EW003-1 x EW023-2 and Dicho x EW006 were good combiners. Reciprocal cross Wama x EW019 was the best for its high SCA for oil content. The predominance of non-additive gene actions in all traits considered in this study suggested the exploitation of hybrid vigor as the best approach in sesame breeding. The result of this experiment indicated that maternal effects were important in sesame breeding for high seed yield. 
GENERATION MEANS ANALYSIS FOR SOME QUANTITATIVE TRAITS IN SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) CROSSES FROM ETHIOPIA
No full textThe nature of gene action governing the expression of various traits is very helpful in formulating an effective and sound breeding program. The objective of the present study was to determine the type and magnitude of gene action in sesame using generation means analysis to provide a basis for an evaluation of selection methods for the improvement of sesame. The six basic generations parent 1(P1), parent 2 (P2), hybrid (F1), F2, back cross 1(BC1) and back cross (BC2) of five crosses such as cross-1 (EW002 x BG006), cross-2 (Dicho x EW006), cross-3 (EW002 x Dicho), cross-4 (Obsa x Dicho) and cross-5 (EW002 x Obsa) were planted in 2012 and 2013 at Uke trial site of Bako Agricultural Research Center in a randomized complete block design, with three replications. The combined analysis of variance indicated highly significant differences among generations for all the traits in all crosses. Simple additive-dominance model exhibited lack of good fit for all the characters studied in all the crosses, except days to maturity in cross 2. The result of the generation means analysis showed that days to flowering, plant height, branches per plant, and capsules per plant and yield per plant were found to be under the control of additive and non-additive gene effects, coupled with duplicate type of epitasis. Biparental mating followed by selection of desired recombinants from the segregating population is the most applicable breeding methodology for traits under the influence of duplicate type of epitasis. Complementary type of epitasis was only observed for plant height in cross 1 and capsules per plant in cross 3, which appeared to be desirable and would be helpful in further improvement of these traits
Genotype-by-Environment Interaction and Yield Stability Analysis in Finger Millet (<i>Elucine coracana</i> L. Gaertn) in Ethiopia
No full textThe global, regional, and national burden of cancer, 1990–2023, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
No full textBackground: Cancer is a leading cause of death globally. Accurate cancer burden information is crucial for policy planning, but many countries do not have up-to-date cancer surveillance data. To inform global cancer-control efforts, we used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 framework to generate and analyse estimates of cancer burden for 47 cancer types or groupings by age, sex, and 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023, cancer burden attributable to selected risk factors from 1990 to 2023, and forecasted cancer burden up to 2050. Methods: Cancer estimation in GBD 2023 used data from population-based cancer registration systems, vital registration systems, and verbal autopsies. Cancer mortality was estimated using ensemble models, with incidence informed by mortality estimates and mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Prevalence estimates were generated from modelled survival estimates, then multiplied by disability weights to estimate years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the GBD standard life expectancy at the age of death. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We used the GBD 2023 comparative risk assessment framework to estimate cancer burden attributable to 44 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. To forecast cancer burden from 2024 to 2050, we used the GBD 2023 forecasting framework, which included forecasts of relevant risk factor exposures and used Socio-demographic Index as a covariate for forecasting the proportion of each cancer not affected by these risk factors. Progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.4 aim to reduce non-communicable disease mortality by a third between 2015 and 2030 was estimated for cancer. Findings: In 2023, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers, there were 18·5 million (95% uncertainty interval 16·4 to 20·7) incident cases of cancer and 10·4 million (9·65 to 10·9) deaths, contributing to 271 million (255 to 285) DALYs globally. Of these, 57·9% (56·1 to 59·8) of incident cases and 65·8% (64·3 to 67·6) of cancer deaths occurred in low-income to upper-middle-income countries based on World Bank income group classifications. Cancer was the second leading cause of deaths globally in 2023 after cardiovascular diseases. There were 4·33 million (3·85 to 4·78) risk-attributable cancer deaths globally in 2023, comprising 41·7% (37·8 to 45·4) of all cancer deaths. Risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 72·3% (57·1 to 86·8) from 1990 to 2023, whereas overall global cancer deaths increased by 74·3% (62·2 to 86·2) over the same period. The reference forecasts (the most likely future) estimate that in 2050 there will be 30·5 million (22·9 to 38·9) cases and 18·6 million (15·6 to 21·5) deaths from cancer globally, 60·7% (41·9 to 80·6) and 74·5% (50·1 to 104·2) increases from 2024, respectively. These forecasted increases in deaths are greater in low-income and middle-income countries (90·6% [61·0 to 127·0]) compared with high-income countries (42·8% [28·3 to 58·6]). Most of these increases are likely due to demographic changes, as age-standardised death rates are forecast to change by -5·6% (-12·8 to 4·6) between 2024 and 2050 globally. Between 2015 and 2030, the probability of dying due to cancer between the ages of 30 years and 70 years was forecasted to have a relative decrease of 6·5% (3·2 to 10·3). Interpretation: Cancer is a major contributor to global disease burden, with increasing numbers of cases and deaths forecasted up to 2050 and a disproportionate growth in burden in countries with scarce resources. The decline in age-standardised mortality rates from cancer is encouraging but insufficient to meet the SDG target set for 2030. Effectively and sustainably addressing cancer burden globally will require comprehensive national and international efforts that consider health systems and context in the development and implementation of cancer-control strategies across the continuum of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Funding: Gates Foundation, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, and St Baldrick's Foundation
The global, regional, and national burden of cancer, 1990–2023, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
No full textBackground: Cancer is a leading cause of death globally. Accurate cancer burden information is crucial for policy planning, but many countries do not have up-to-date cancer surveillance data. To inform global cancer-control efforts, we used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023 framework to generate and analyse estimates of cancer burden for 47 cancer types or groupings by age, sex, and 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023, cancer burden attributable to selected risk factors from 1990 to 2023, and forecasted cancer burden up to 2050. Methods: Cancer estimation in GBD 2023 used data from population-based cancer registration systems, vital registration systems, and verbal autopsies. Cancer mortality was estimated using ensemble models, with incidence informed by mortality estimates and mortality-to-incidence ratios (MIRs). Prevalence estimates were generated from modelled survival estimates, then multiplied by disability weights to estimate years lived with disability (YLDs). Years of life lost (YLLs) were estimated by multiplying age-specific cancer deaths by the GBD standard life expectancy at the age of death. Disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) were calculated as the sum of YLLs and YLDs. We used the GBD 2023 comparative risk assessment framework to estimate cancer burden attributable to 44 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risk factors. To forecast cancer burden from 2024 to 2050, we used the GBD 2023 forecasting framework, which included forecasts of relevant risk factor exposures and used Socio-demographic Index as a covariate for forecasting the proportion of each cancer not affected by these risk factors. Progress towards the UN Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 3.4 aim to reduce non-communicable disease mortality by a third between 2015 and 2030 was estimated for cancer. Findings: In 2023, excluding non-melanoma skin cancers, there were 18·5 million (95% uncertainty interval 16·4 to 20·7) incident cases of cancer and 10·4 million (9·65 to 10·9) deaths, contributing to 271 million (255 to 285) DALYs globally. Of these, 57·9% (56·1 to 59·8) of incident cases and 65·8% (64·3 to 67·6) of cancer deaths occurred in low-income to upper-middle-income countries based on World Bank income group classifications. Cancer was the second leading cause of deaths globally in 2023 after cardiovascular diseases. There were 4·33 million (3·85 to 4·78) risk-attributable cancer deaths globally in 2023, comprising 41·7% (37·8 to 45·4) of all cancer deaths. Risk-attributable cancer deaths increased by 72·3% (57·1 to 86·8) from 1990 to 2023, whereas overall global cancer deaths increased by 74·3% (62·2 to 86·2) over the same period. The reference forecasts (the most likely future) estimate that in 2050 there will be 30·5 million (22·9 to 38·9) cases and 18·6 million (15·6 to 21·5) deaths from cancer globally, 60·7% (41·9 to 80·6) and 74·5% (50·1 to 104·2) increases from 2024, respectively. These forecasted increases in deaths are greater in low-income and middle-income countries (90·6% [61·0 to 127·0]) compared with high-income countries (42·8% [28·3 to 58·6]). Most of these increases are likely due to demographic changes, as age-standardised death rates are forecast to change by –5·6% (–12·8 to 4·6) between 2024 and 2050 globally. Between 2015 and 2030, the probability of dying due to cancer between the ages of 30 years and 70 years was forecasted to have a relative decrease of 6·5% (3·2 to 10·3). Interpretation: Cancer is a major contributor to global disease burden, with increasing numbers of cases and deaths forecasted up to 2050 and a disproportionate growth in burden in countries with scarce resources. The decline in age-standardised mortality rates from cancer is encouraging but insufficient to meet the SDG target set for 2030. Effectively and sustainably addressing cancer burden globally will require comprehensive national and international efforts that consider health systems and context in the development and implementation of cancer-control strategies across the continuum of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Funding: Gates Foundation, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, and St Baldrick's Foundation
The global, regional, and national burden of cancer, 1990–2023, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
No full textThe global, regional, and national burden of cancer, 1990–2023, with forecasts to 2050: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023</p
