7,086 research outputs found
CuI-Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of β-Amino Acids or Esters with Aryl Halides at Temperature Lower Than That Employed in the Normal Ullmann Reaction. Facile Synthesis of SB-214857
No full textThe CuI-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides with β-amino acids or β-amino esters is completed at 100 °C in 48 h, which indicates that
the structure of the β-amino acid has an accelerating effect for the Ullmann-type aryl amination reaction. This coupling reaction can be used
to prepare enantiopure N-aryl β-amino acids. An efficient synthetic route to SB214857, a potent GPIIb/IIIa receptor antagonist, is developed
using this method
<i>Aspergillus</i> Tracheobronchitis With Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy in a Patient With Well-Controlled HIV Infection
No full textBackground: Aspergillus tracheobronchitis (AT) is an uncommon yet severe form of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, with a notably low incidence among individuals living with HIV infection-accounting for merely 4.5% (7 out of 156 cases) in recent reviews. The advent of modern antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly altered the landscape of opportunistic infections in HIV, rendering conditions like AT rare in well-controlled cases. Case Presentation: We present the case of a woman in her mid-20s with well-managed HIV infection who experienced a 4-week history of fever and dyspnea. Diagnostic procedures, including bronchoscopy, revealed granulation tissue obstructing her right main bronchus. Cultures confirmed infection with Aspergillus fumigatus, leading to a diagnosis of AT. Despite initial positive response to voriconazole treatment, the patient developed severe hemoptysis and unfortunately succumbed to the complication. Conclusion: This case underscores the critical need for healthcare providers to consider AT in the differential diagnosis of respiratory symptoms in HIV-positive patients, even when HIV is well-controlled with ART. Early recognition and prompt antifungal therapy are essential for improving outcomes. Clinicians should remain vigilant for severe complications like hemoptysis, which can occur despite appropriate therapy. This report highlights the ongoing necessity for vigilance and proactive intervention in the care of individuals living with HIV
Native p-type transparent conductive CuI via intrinsic defects
No full textThe ability of CuI to be doped p-type via the introduction of native defects has been investigated using first-principles pseudopotential calculations based on density functional theory. The Cu vacancy has a lower formation energy than any of the other native defects, which include I vacancy (V(I)), Cu interstitial (Cu(i)), I interstitial (I(i)), Cu antisite (Cu(I)), and I antisite (I(Cu)). Combined with its shallow acceptor level, it offers sufficient hole concentrations in CuI. The natural band alignments as compared to zinc-blende ZnS, ZnSe, and ZnTe have also been calculated in order to further identify the p-type dopability of CuI. It is found that CuI has a relatively high valence band maximum and conduction band minimum, which also makes it easy to dope CuI p-type in terms of the doping limit rule. In addition, the small effective mass of the light hole-about 0.303m(0)-can provide high mobility and p-type conductivity in CuI. All of these results make CuI an ideal candidate for native p-type materials (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3633220
Clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed respiratory syncytial virus infection in eastern china between 2009 and 2013: a retrospective study
No full textRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide in children aged <5 years and older adults with acute lower respiratory infections (ALRIs). However, few studies regarding the epidemiology of hospitalizations for RSV infection have been performed previously in China. Here, we aimed to describe the clinical and epidemiologic characteristics of hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection in eastern China. Active surveillance for hospitalized ALRI patients using a broad case definition based on symptoms was performed from 2009-2013 in 12 sentinel hospitals in eastern China. Clinical and epidemiologic data pertaining to hospitalized patients of all ages with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection by PCR assay were collected and analyzed in this study. From 2009 to 2013, 1046 hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed RSV infection were enrolled in this study, and 14.7% of patients had subtype A, 24.2% of patients had subtype B, 23.8% of patients with subtype not performed, and 37.3% of patients had RSV coinfections with other viruses. RSV and influenza coinfections (33.3%) were the most common coinfections noted in this study. Moreover, young children aged <5 years (89.1%, 932/1046), particularly young infants aged <1 year (43.3%, 453/1046), represented the highest proportion of patients with RSV infections. In contrast, older adults aged ?60 years (1.1%, 12/1046) represented the lowest proportion of patients with RSV infections among enrolled patients. The peak RSV infection period occurred mainly during autumn and winter, and 57% and 66% of patients exhibited symptoms such as fever (body temperature ?38°C) and cough separately. Additionally, only a small number of patients were treated with broad-spectrum antiviral drugs, and most of patients were treated with antimicrobial drugs that were not appropriate for RSV infection. RSV is a leading viral pathogen and a common cause of viral infection in young children aged <5 years with ALRIs in eastern China. Effective vaccines and antiviral agents targeting RSV are needed to mitigate its large public health impact
sj-xls-3-eea-10.1177_01445987221149221 - Supplemental material for The high-frequency sea-level change in the aftermath of the Marinoan snowball Earth: Evidence from the Doushantuo formation in the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, South China
No full textSupplemental material, sj-xls-3-eea-10.1177_01445987221149221 for The high-frequency sea-level change in the aftermath of the Marinoan snowball Earth: Evidence from the Doushantuo formation in the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, South China by Kening Qi, Hongwei Kuang, Yongqing Liu, Nan Peng, Yuchong Wang, Xiaoshuai Chen, Mingming Cui, Dawei Qiao, Shuangying Li, Tianhu Chen, Zhixian Wang, Quan Zhong and Jinxin Chen in Energy Exploration & Exploitation</p
sj-xls-5-eea-10.1177_01445987221149221 - Supplemental material for The high-frequency sea-level change in the aftermath of the Marinoan snowball Earth: Evidence from the Doushantuo formation in the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, South China
No full textSupplemental material, sj-xls-5-eea-10.1177_01445987221149221 for The high-frequency sea-level change in the aftermath of the Marinoan snowball Earth: Evidence from the Doushantuo formation in the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, South China by Kening Qi, Hongwei Kuang, Yongqing Liu, Nan Peng, Yuchong Wang, Xiaoshuai Chen, Mingming Cui, Dawei Qiao, Shuangying Li, Tianhu Chen, Zhixian Wang, Quan Zhong and Jinxin Chen in Energy Exploration & Exploitation</p
sj-xls-4-eea-10.1177_01445987221149221 - Supplemental material for The high-frequency sea-level change in the aftermath of the Marinoan snowball Earth: Evidence from the Doushantuo formation in the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, South China
No full textSupplemental material, sj-xls-4-eea-10.1177_01445987221149221 for The high-frequency sea-level change in the aftermath of the Marinoan snowball Earth: Evidence from the Doushantuo formation in the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, South China by Kening Qi, Hongwei Kuang, Yongqing Liu, Nan Peng, Yuchong Wang, Xiaoshuai Chen, Mingming Cui, Dawei Qiao, Shuangying Li, Tianhu Chen, Zhixian Wang, Quan Zhong and Jinxin Chen in Energy Exploration & Exploitation</p
sj-docx-2-eea-10.1177_01445987221149221 - Supplemental material for The high-frequency sea-level change in the aftermath of the Marinoan snowball Earth: Evidence from the Doushantuo formation in the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, South China
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-2-eea-10.1177_01445987221149221 for The high-frequency sea-level change in the aftermath of the Marinoan snowball Earth: Evidence from the Doushantuo formation in the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton, South China by Kening Qi, Hongwei Kuang, Yongqing Liu, Nan Peng, Yuchong Wang, Xiaoshuai Chen, Mingming Cui, Dawei Qiao, Shuangying Li, Tianhu Chen, Zhixian Wang, Quan Zhong and Jinxin Chen in Energy Exploration & Exploitation</p
Design and development of a low cost digital beamforming demonstrator
No full textIn this final year project (FYP) report, the author proposes a novel low-cost array digital beamforming (DBF) prototype by using a single microwave digital receiver and chirp signals. The proposed system uses a microwave signal switch to select echo signals from an N-element phased array so that the number of required microwave digital receivers is reduced from N to one, leading to substantial expense reduction. Typical low-cost DBF systems have severe constraints on the switching speed of diode signal switch and the computation power of the signal processor. Taking these constraints into consideration, the author has developed two signal selection schemes that optimize the beamforming resolution. Simulation results suggest that the range resolution and angle resolution of the proposed system under designated application scenarios are comparable to more expensive conventional DBF systems. The noise-reduction capability and possible applications of the new system are also explored.Bachelor of Engineerin
Glutaminolysis of CD4+ T Cells: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Viral Diseases
No full textYushan Xu, Miaomiao Li, Mengjiao Lin, Dawei Cui, Jue Xie Department of Blood Transfusion, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jue Xie; Dawei Cui, Tel +86571-87236391 ; +86571-87236390, Email [email protected]; [email protected]: CD4+ T cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of viral diseases, which are activated by the internal metabolic pathways encountering with viral antigens. Glutaminolysis converts glutamine into tricarboxylic acid (TCA) circulating metabolites by α-ketoglutaric acid, which is essential for the proliferation and differentiation of CD4+ T cells and plays a central role in providing the energy and structural components needed for viral replication after the virus hijacks the host cell. Changes in glutaminolysis in CD4+ T cells are accompanied by changes in the viral status of the host cell due to competition for glutamine between immune cells and host cells. More recently, attempts have been made to treat tumours, autoimmune diseases, and viral diseases by altering the breakdown of glutamine in T cells. In this review, we will discuss the current knowledge of glutaminolysis in the CD4+ T cell subsets from viral diseases, not only increasing our understanding of immunometabolism but also providing a new perspective for therapeutic target in viral diseases.Keywords: CD4+ T cells, viral diseases, glutamine, glutaminolysis, immune respons
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