466 research outputs found
The fascia: the forgotten structure
No full textThis paper examines the main characteristics of the human fascial system, considered in its three-dimensional continuity. To better understand the anatomy of the human fascial system, a simple diagram of the subcutaneous tissue must be borne in mind. From the skin to the deepest plane, we find the superficial fascia, dividing the subcutaneous tissue into two fibroadipose layers, superficial and deep, and the deep fascia, which envelops all the muscles of the body, showing different characteristics according to region. Under the deep fascia is the epimysium, occurring in the limbs and some regions of the trunk. Skin ligaments connect the superficial fascia to the skin and to the deep fascia, forming a three-dimensional network among the fat lobules. The typical features of the superficial and deep fasciae and their relationships to nerves, vessels and muscles are reported here, highlighting the possible role of the deep fascia in proprioception and peripheral motor coordination. The main features of the fasciae with imaging techniques are also discussed. This knowledge may contribute to clinicians’ understanding of the myofascial system and the role which the deep fasciae may play in musculoskeletal dysfunctions
New Anatomical Insight Into Imaging of the Rotator Cuff of the Shoulde
No full textLa coiffe des rotateurs de l’épaule est un manchon fibreux qui entoure et stabilise l’articulation scapulo-humérale. Elle est formée par l’accolement des tendons des muscles supra-épineux, infra-épineux, sub-scapulaire et petit rond autour de la capsule de l’articulation. Son anatomie est connue de longue date mais de récentes avancées ont popularisé l’étude macroscopique de chaque faisceau tendineux jusqu’à son insertion. En théorie, les hautes résolutions spatiales et en contraste des appareils autorisent une approche similaire en imagerie. Le but de ce travail a donc été de prendre en compte ces avancées pour optimiser l’interprétation anatomique des examens.Initialement, des épaules normales ont été étudiées. D’abord la partie supérieure et postéro-supérieure de la coiffe des rotateurs de volontaires sains. La visibilité et la morphologie du puissant renforcement tendineux antérieur et du petit tendon plat postérieur du supra-épineux, ainsi que celles du puissant tendon plat du muscle infra-épineux et de la capsule articulaire ont été précisées en résonnance magnétique. Puis, le tendon infra-épineux a fait l’objet d’une étude échographique qui démontre son accessibilité lors d’une approche antérieure. La prise en compte de l’architecture fibreuse de la coiffe des rotateurs aide à la compréhension anatomique de certaines lésions dégénératives courantes; en particulier des tendinopathies, des ruptures «partielles» et de certaines ruptures «complètes». En outre, les calcifications semblent localisées non pas à l’intérieur, mais en périphérie des faisceaux de fibres, plutôt dans les intervalles intertendineux.Concernant la partie antérieure de la coiffe, l’écho-anatomie du muscle et du tendon subscapulaires ont été rappelées, et en particulier, l’intérêt de l’abord échographique axillaire pour le muscle ainsi que les relations du tendon avec celui du chef long du biceps brachial. Enfin, cet abord inférieur permet l’exploration du récessus capsulo-synovial axillaire, où la recherche de signes, comme un épaississement fibreux en cas de capsulite rétractile, pourrait fiabiliser la sémiologie échographique de l’épaule.The fibrous structure of rotator cuff of the shoulder wraps around and stabilizes the scapulohumeral joint. The tendons of the supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis and teres minor muscles laterally join the deeper capsule of the joint.The anatomy of the rotator cuff has long since been known, but recent advances have macroscopically recognized individually each fibrous bundle of the rotator cuff. Due to the high spatial and contrast resolutions of modern examinations, a similar approach is possible in medical imaging. The aim of this work was to take these advances into consideration to optimize the anatomical interpretation of ultrasound or MR images of the rotator cuff.Normal shoulders were first studied, with special focus on both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons. The thick anterior cord-like and the small posterior band-like tendons of the supraspinatus plus the strong band-like tendon of the infra-spinatus have been assessed with magnetic resonance imaging. Then, the visibility of tendon of the infraspinatus has been specifically demonstrated through anterior sonographic approach. Taking into consideration the architecture of the fibrous frame of the rotator cuff may help improve the anatomical assessment of common lesions of the rotator cuff, including non-ruptured tendinopathies, «partial thickness» tears and some «full thickness» tears. Furthermore, the calcifications are not strictly intratendinous but appear adjacent to the main fibrous bundles of the rotator cuff, with preferential topography in the intertendinous intervals.In the anterior aspect of the shoulder the sonographic anatomy of both the muscle and the tendon of the subscapularis have been reported; including the axillary approach for the muscle belly and anatomical tips regarding the concomittant assessment of both subscapularis and long head biceps tendons. Finaly, this inferior approach allows the assessment of the axillary recess of the joint and enriches the sonographic semiology with signs including the fibrous thickening of the capsule in case of adhesive capsulitis
Moral Enhancement, Neuroessentialism, and Moral Content
No full textThe conceptualization of morality by some proponents of moral bioenhancement requires particular epistemological commitments and neuroessentialist assumptions. This chapter examines these assumptions and shows why such premises are problematic for the development of a sophisticated framework of morality at the intersection of neuroscience and moral philosophy and why these premises cannot support the possibility of moral enhancement. The author provides conceptual clarity on key concepts in the moral enhancement debate, including the distinction between psychopharmacology and neurotechnologies as means to cognitive enhancement, the meaning of moral enhancement, and the crucial distinction between moral capacity and moral content. Second, he critiques neuroessentialism, pointing to a danger to reduce human behavior to neurobiology and the potential to misconceptualize human moral psychology. Third, he expands his critique of neuroessentialism, particularly with regard to the concept of moral agency and offers a viable alternative based on social practices
Fabrice Mouthon, Le Sourire de Prométhée. L’homme et la nature au Moyen Âge
No full text“Man and Nature”: from a rather clichéd theme, Fabrice Mouthon, a medievalist specializing in rural alpine communities, provides an excellent object of historical study. The author studies the relationship that human societies from the fourth through the sixteenth centuries maintained with nature, the latter understood in the broadest sense of the word: animals, climate, resources, microbes, rivers, forests, landscapes, etc. He develops his analysis of this relationship to nature in three par..
J’ai pris mon père sur mes épaules de Fabrice Melquiot : l’épique du "petit geste"
No full textInternational audienceThe title of Fabrice Melquiot’s play, J’ai pris mon père sur mes épaules, refers to Aeneas’s gesture during the flight from Troy, an episode in which he runs away, carrying his dad Anchise on his back. In this contemporary counter-epic, no privileged relationship with the gods, no creation of a city, no res gestae : heroism as Fabrice Melquiot describes it, comes from this minor episode of the myth and this “small gesture”. The people gathered around Aeneas, residents of a district of Saint-Étienne, can’t aspire to big. This deserted population has nothing left but their bodies as their only means of action. The author then brings out the epic nature of how the destitute help even more deprived and the miraculous energy that moves them.Le titre de la pièce de Fabrice Melquiot J’ai pris mon père sur mes épaules fait référence au geste d’Énée lors de la fuite de Troie, épisode dans lequel celui-ci s’échappe en portant son père Anchise. Dans cette contre-épopée contemporaine, pas de relation privilégiée avec les dieux, pas de fondation de cité, pas de res gestae : l’héroïsme tel que le peint Fabrice Melquiot émane de cet épisode mineur du mythe et de ce « petit geste ». Le peuple réuni autour d’Énée, habitants d’une banlieue de Saint-Étienne, ne peuvent prétendre au « grand » et cette population délaissée est réduite au corps pour seule possession et seul moyen d’action. L’auteur fait alors surgir l’épique de l’aide apportée par les démunis aux encore plus démunis et de l’énergie miraculeuse avec laquelle ils sont mus
Sartre, « miroir critique » de Maupassant dans La Nausée : des « imaginations naturalistes » au fantastique en « trompe-l'œil »
No full textSartre, "Critical Mirror" of Maupassant in Nausea
The literary histories writers implicitly build in their fictions are particularly interesting in what they tell us about the way in which literary fields can or do shift. Sartre's relationship to Maupassant is such an example: that of an author coming of age in the late 1930s, through the 19th century.Thumerel Fabrice. Sartre, « miroir critique » de Maupassant dans La Nausée : des « imaginations naturalistes » au fantastique en « trompe-l'œil ». In: Littérature, n°124, 2001. Histoires littéraires. pp. 50-66
tapir_itsSap_uniq
No full textThis fasta file presents the number of occurrences of each sequence (the first internal transcribed spacer (ITS1) of nuclear ribosomal DNA, for the Sapotaceae ) in the different faecal samples from tapirs.The sequences have been generated by the Illumina technology (Illumina/Solexa Genome Analyzer IIx).The sequences are sorted starting with the most repeated ones among all the samples.
Data collection:
Fabrice Hibert, Pierre Taberlet, Jérôme Chave, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne, Daniel Sabatier , Cécile Richard-Hansen
Contact author:
Fabrice Hibert ([email protected]
tapir_gh_uniq
No full textThis file presents the number of occurrences of each sequence (the trnL P6 loop) in the different faecal samples from tapirs.The sequences have been generated by the Illumina technology (Illumina/Solexa Genome Analyzer IIx).The sequences are sorted starting with the most repeated ones among all the samples.
Data collection:
Fabrice Hibert, Pierre Taberlet, Jérôme Chave, Caroline Scotti-Saintagne, Daniel Sabatier , Cécile Richard-Hansen
Contact author:
Fabrice Hibert ([email protected]
3D-VIRTUAL DISSECTION TABLE: WE DID NOT IMAGINE HOW MUCH IT WILL BE USEFUL FOR TEACHING ANATOMY AND CLINICAL ANATOMY. Mesa de Disección Virtual 3D: No imaginamos cuán útil sería para la enseñanza de la Anatomía y la Anatomía Clínica
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