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    The colour of the façades in Siena's historical centre: I. Glazings (calcium oxalate films s.s.) and other finishes on the stone materials of the Cathedral's main façade

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    This paper focuses on the long-debated topic of the so-called calcium oxalate films: their origin and meaning but also their age and original appearance. The restoration of the main facade of the Siena Cathedral provided a unique opportunity to this end, thanks to the possibility of an extensive and detailed sampling and (as rarely happens) a sufficiently accurate historical knowledge of the construction vicissitudes. This work, mainly based on a polarising microscopy study (coupled with X-ray diffraction and SEM-EDS analyses) of over a thousand thin and ultra-thin sections of 400 microsamples, demonstrates that the current relicts of films are the result of alteration and decay of ancient treatments. In most cases, these were linseed oil-based glazings (the use of this substance is confirmed by historical documents) and pigments. Their role was essentially aesthetic; their use dates the beginning of the fourteenth century and continued at least until the eighteenth century. © 2009 Springer-Verlag

    Ancient Treatments on the Sansedoni Palace Facade.

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    A mineralogical-petrographic study was carried out on many samples collected from the façade of Sansedoni Palace exposed towards Piazza del Campo (Siena, Italy). In particular, samples of plasters and of traces of ancient treatments applied on stone and brick surfaces were analysed. The research allowed to collect data useful for archaeometric purposes, in particular for the reconstruction of the aesthetical appearance of the façade during the centuries, and to furnish elements of knowledge useful for the restoration intervention of the monument
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