1,721,313 research outputs found
Response of some Italian rivers and river mouths to environmental changes: a geomorphologic key to interpretation
No full textUnder the seminar theme "Adaptation to Variability: Water Management in Mediterranean Climates", an Interdisciplinary Faculty Colloquium Spring 2011 - Spring 2013, the author has shown the Quaternary morphologic evolution of some Italian rivers and river mouths. Mutual relationships between tectonic styles, climate and sea level changes, and finally human-induced modification of the territory are presented to highlight the current waterscape physiography superimposed on the inherited landscapes. Particularly, the case-studies of Volturno, Arena di Sant'Antonio, Sebeto, Sarno, Dragone and Sele watercourses and the related littorals of Campania region, southern Italy, are depicted and discussed
Predicted and Measured Creatinine Clearance for the Estimation of Renal Graft Function: New Tools from Body Composition Analysis
Full text linkAim of this study was to evaluate, in Renal Transplant Recipients (RTR), a new method to predict Creatinine
Clearance (Ccr) from Plasma Creatinine (Pcr) and from the value of Body Cell Mass (BCM).
The values of BCM were obtained, from body impedance analysis (BIA) using an impedance plethysmograph,
in 87 RTR with different graft function. The ratios of 24-hour Urinary Creatinine Excretion (Ucr) over BCM were
calculated in 30 RTR. In the remaining 57 RTR, Ccr was predicted from Pcr and individual values of BCM (BCM
Ccr), using the mean ratio Ucr/BCM found in the first group of patients. In the same patients, Ccr was predicted
according to Cockcroft and Gault (CG Ccr). The mean of triplicate measurement of 24-hour Ccr (24 h Ccr), obtained
by the standard formula Ucr x Vol/min/Pcr, was used as the reference value of renal graft function.
BCM Ccr had a better agreement with 24 h Ccr than CG Ccr, particularly in patients with graft failure.
Thanks to its simplicity, accuracy and reproducibility, BCM Ccr is more suitable than 24-hour Ccr to estimate
graft function. In the meantime, the body composition data gives useful information for the evalutation of nutritional
status and of the equilibrium of body fluid compartments
La cartografia geologica delle aree marine costiere del settore insulare e continentale del Golfo di Napoli: alcuni esempi dai fogli Isola d'Ischia, Isola di Capri, Napoli, Ercolano e Sorrento
No full textSono presentati i risultati ottenuti dal rilevamento geologico subacqueo CARG alla scala 1:10.000 di alcuni fogli del Golfo di Napoli. Il completamento di questo rilevamento, programmato dalla Regione Campania, ha fornito una nuova lettura dell’ambiente marino tra la costa e -30 m di profondità e ha consentito di raccordare quest’area ai settori continentali adiacenti e a quelli sottomarini profondi, aggiornando le precedenti conoscenze e il quadro geologico d’insieme. La suddivisione in 5 principali ambienti (falesia, piede di falesia, spiaggia sommersa, piattaforma interna ed esterna) ha permesso di raggruppare zone subacquee caratterizzate dagli stessi processi erosivo-deposizionali, attivi o no, e le corrispondenti forme generate. I fogli n°464 – Isola d’Ischia, n°484 – Isola di Capri, n°446-447 – Napoli, n°448 – Ercolano e n°466 – Sorrento mostrano aspetti morfobatimetrici e geologico-strutturali subacquei molto diversi. Infatti, si passa da zone insulari e continentali con affioramenti lavici e piroclastici (Ischia, Ercolano, Sorrento) o prevalentemente tufacei (Napoli) a zone esclusivamente carbonatiche (Capri, Penisola Sorrentina). In ogni foglio sono stati cartografati per la prima volta affioramenti rocciosi, morfostrutture, paleoforme e ruderi sommersi finora sconosciuti o non segnalati, descritti in dettaglio nelle rispettive note illustrative in corso di pubblicazione
Urban Geomorphology: relationship between geology, landscape and architectural heritage of Naples
No full textGeomorphological characteristics, geological setting and underground caves of Naples are shown. Particularly, the traces of palaeo-drainage network of the Sebeto and Arena S.Antonio watercourses are presented and related to the current anthropized landscape. Finally, some examples of local volcanic geomaterials used for the buildings and chapels of the historical center are shown
[Disglycemia in patients with acute kidney injury in the ICU]
No full textDerangements of glucose metabolism are common among critically ill patients. Critical illness- associated hyperglycemia (CIAH) is characterized by raised blood glucose levels in association with an acute event that is reversible after resolution of the underlying disease. CIAH has many causes, such as changes in counter-regulatory hormone status, release of sepsis mediators, insulin resistance, drugs and nutritional factors. It is associated with increased mortality risk. This association appears to be strongly influenced by diabetes mellitus as a comorbidity, suggesting the need for an accurate individualization of glycemic targets according to baseline glycemic status. Hypoglycemia is also very common in this clinical context and it has a negative prognostic impact. Many studies based on intensive insulin treatment protocols targeting normal blood glucose values have in fact documented both an increased incidence of hypoglycemia and an increased mortality risk. Finally, glycemic control in the ICU is made even more complex in the presence of acute kidney injury. On one hand, there is in fact a reduction of both the renal clearance of insulin and of gluconeogenesis by the kidney. On the other hand, the frequent need for renal replacement therapy (dialysis / hemofiltration) may result in an energy intake excess, under the form of citrate, lactate and glucose in the dialysate/reinfusion fluids. With regard to the possible renal protective effects afforded by intensive glycemic control protocols, the presently available evidence does not support a reduction in the incidence of AKI and/or the need for RRT with this approach, when compared with standard glucose control. Thus, the most recent guidelines now suggest higher blood glucose targets (<180 mg/dl or 140-180 mg/dl) than in the past (80-110 mg/dl). Albeit with limited evidence, it seems reasonable to extend these indications also to patients with AKI in the intensive care unit. Further studies are needed in order to better ascertain the effects of dysglycemia on the outcome of patients with AKI
Il sistema litorale: erosione, resilienza, mitigazione
No full textSi illustrano i principali processi di modellamento dei sistemi litorali in climi di tipo mediterraneo, le concause naturali e di genesi antropica dell'erosione negli ultimi due secoli e le tendenze morfoevolutive in relazione al cambiamento climatico. Si descrivono per alcuni casi studio le possibili soluzioni mitigative basate su resilienza e strategie adattive nel sistema bacino idrografico - unità fisiografica costiera in alternativa ai vari interventi mitigativi attuati mediante opere a resistenza passiva
Dams & coastal erosion: problem and resource in California and in Campania, Italy
No full textDams and river barrages are considered causes of local coastal erosion, together with other factors of regional and global scale. It is believed that dams have beneficial effects such as large reservoir of freshwater for agricultural and industrial purposes, for the production of hydroelectric power and the decapitation of floods. But dams also have adverse ecogeomorphic effects on the environment, both upstream and downstream the barrier: strong decrease in sediment bedload and suspended load increase, changes in riparian vegetation and aquatic populations, landslides and microclimatic variation.
Consequently, this results in diminishing of fluvial sediment supplies over 30%, then in intense focus of erosion and littoral retreat in the coastal physiographic units. Erosion rate is higher especially if there are several dams on the same river or along nearby rivers, and if the dams are located less than 50 km from the river mouth. However, a dam also represents a significant source of sediment, such as sand, which remains trapped in the reservoir, reducing its functionality after 50 years up to 18% for the 20% of dams. Pre-dam and post-dam case studies are presented and compared: pre-1850 to post-1960 in California (e.g., Russian River, Dry Creek), from the 50s to the 90s in Italy (e.g., Po and Magra rivers, Gulf of Taranto rivers) and particularly those of Campania region (Garigliano, Volturno, Sele and Alento rivers). Finally, some mitigation techniques of fluvial-coastal erosion and dam rehabilitation are shown, such as dam desilting and sediment bypassing, environmental engineering interventions in the reservoir and restoration of facing littorals
Aspect géologiques et géomorphologiques de l’environnement napolitain / Geological and geomorphological aspects of Neapolitan environment
No full textGeomorphological, geological, volcano-tectonic, bradyseismic and geoarchaeological features of the downtown of Naples, as well as hydrogeomorphological aspects of eastern and western coastal plains of Volla and Bagnoli-Fuorigrotta respectively, are explained. Particularly, the manmade caves of the historical center, dug and modeled in the Neapolitan yellow tuff during the last 2200 years and widely used as geomaterial for buildings, and their relationships with the urbanized landscape over time are also illustrated
Aspetti geoarcheologici del territorio di Mondragone (Campania)
No full textSono illustrati gli aspestti geomorfologici e geoarcheologici di due importanti siti presenti nel territorio di Mondragone, in Campania: la cavità di Roccia San Sebastiano e l'area marina di Sinuessa, rispettivamente di età paleolitica e greco-romana. In particolare, la cavità tettono-carsica è stata modellata in rocce carbonatiche meso-cenozoiche, colmata da depositi detritici e di natura antropica stratificati, datati radiometricamente, ricchi di frammenti ossei fossili di mammiferi tardo-pleistocenici nonché di un molare deciduo neandertaliano e strumenti litici che nell'insieme indicano una lunga frequentazione, interrotta bruscamente. L'antistante fondale marino è invece un esteso terrazzo d'abrasione con profondità fra -3 e -15 m modellato nell'Ignimbrite Campana (circa 39 ka BP), con elementi archeologici in posto sommersi a varie quote, quali la forma di una macina, i resti di una strada romana e numerose pilae. Il rilevamento geomorfologico, le indagini geoarcheologiche e il risultato di sondaggi geognostici hanno evidenziato un'attività tettonica tardo-quaternaria che ha ribassato sia a terra che a mare i prodotti piroclastici fino al raggiungimento dell'attuale posizione, consentendo di delineare la dinamica morfoevolutiva dell'area negli ultimi 40000 anni
Urban geomorphology and relationships with underground
No full textGeomorphological features and geological setting of the core of the town of Naples are presented. Particularly, the underground caves and their relations with the anthropized landscape are shown
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