37 research outputs found
In cerca di Giovanni Francesco Crivelli
No full textA partire da un dipinto firmato, raffigurante la "Madonna col Bambino in trono e due angeli", l'articolo restituisce corpo alla problematica personalità del pittore Giovanni Francesco Crivelli, attivo in area adriatica a cavallo tra XV e XVI secolo. La ricerca sull'artista, avviata da Federico Zeri, si è incrementata grazie alle precisazioni recate dall'Autore.Starting with a signed painting depicting the "Madonna and Child Enthroned and Two Angels", the article gives body to the problematic personality of the painter Giovanni Francesco Crivelli, active in the Adriatic area at the turn of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. The research on the artist, started by Federico Zeri, has increased thanks to the clarifications brought by the author
Angular response of dye solar cells to solar and spectrally resolved light
No full textThe power conversion efficiency (eta) of a dye solar cell (DSC) with a 13 mu m thick TiO2 layer increases with solar AM1.5 light's angle of incidence by 10% at 55 degrees +/- 5 degrees and then decreases at higher angles due to Fresnel reflection at the front air/glass interface. For cells with thin TiO2 (3 mu m), the enhancement in eta is substantially larger (16%). We show, also through spectral quantum efficiency measurements, that the angular enhancement for thin cells is mainly due to optical path lengthening, quantifying the relevant parameters useful for photon management strategies and for understanding the productivity of DSC modules outdoors. (C) 2011 American Institute of Physics. [doi:10.1063/1.3663973
Angular and prism coupling refractive enhancement in dye solar cells
No full textWe quantify the strong dependence of photocurrent on the angle of incidence of light in a dye solar cell (DSC). Under laser illumination the photocurrent increases for large incidence angles. The enhancements are different upon using or not a coupling prism. They are explained with a model including three different angular factors. The observed enhancements up to 25% can be useful for evaluating novel designs of an efficient photon management in DSCs. Even an effective refractive index n(eff) approximate to 2.0 for the mesoporous titania/electrolyte phase was retrieved from the angle dependent photocurrent. (C) 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3328097
Angular refractive path for optical enhancement and evaluation of dye solar cells
No full textHere we report a fundamental angle resolved study on bare dye solar cells, DSCs, and those coupled to two different prisms (hemi-cube and hemi-cylinder). The natural angular enhancement of incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency of DSCs is shown to further increase in the prisms case. This is partially due to the higher external transmittance and mainly to the longer optical path, achieved thanks to the tilted surfaces and optical density of the coupling elements. Results suggest possible use of DSCs with thin active layers (below 10 mu m) and micrometric refractive prisms or nanometric diffraction gratings on the surface, compensating the incomplete light absorption by an enhanced optical path. A simplified yet robust angular refractive path model, which includes Fresnel reflection, Snell's refraction and Lambert Beer absorption, can clearly explain the results and predict enhancements at larger angles than the used ones. The angular photo-electronic measurements revealed also an elegant tool to retrieve a dispersion curve for the effective refractive index tiff (A) of such a complex and absorbing medium as the sensitized porous titania filled with electrolyte. Such information could be used in the design and simulation of different photon management structures, from the macroscopic size of 3D photovoltaics architectures to the micro-and nano-scale of anti-reflection, refractive or diffraction texturing. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
"Ten-point" 3D cephalometric analysis using low-dosage cone beam computed tomography
No full textObjective: The aim of this study was to combine the huge amount of information of low dose Cone Beam CT with a cephalometric simplified protocol thanks to the latest informatics aids.Lateral cephalograms are two-dimensional (2-D) radiographs that are used to represent three-dimensional (3-D) structures. Cephalograms have inherent limitations as a result of distortion, super imposition and differential magnification of the craniofacial complex. This may lead to errors of identification and reduced measurement accuracy.The advantages of CBCT over conventional CT include low radiation exposure, imaging quality improvement, potentially better access, high spatial resolution and lower cost. Materials and methods: This study assessed cephalometric 2D and 3D measurements and the analysis of CBCT cephalograms of the volume and centroid of the maxilla and mandible, in 10 clinical cases. Results: With a few exceptions the linear and angular cephalometric measurements obtained from CBCT and from conventional cephalograms did not differ statistically (p>0.01). There was a correlation between the variation in the skeletal malocclusion and growth direction of the jaws, and the variation in the spatial position (x, y, z) of the centroids and their volumes (p<0.01). Conclusions: The 3D cephalometric analysis is easier to interpret than 2D cephalometric analysis. In contrast to those made on projective radiographies, the angular and linear measurements detected on 3D become real, moreover the fewest points to select and the automatic measurements made by the computer drastically reduced human error, for a much more reliable reproducible and repeatable diagnosis. © 2010 Società Italiana di Ortodonzia SIDO
Dye solar cells: basic and photon management strategies
No full textSince the introduction and development of the dye-sensitized solar cell (DSC) several efforts have been made to optimize the materials involved in the photo-electrochemical process and to improve the light conversion efficiency of the device , by exploiting a low cost production process based on simple fabrication methods, similar to those used in printing processes
Globalizacja okiem Alda Novego — o włoskości w postmodernistycznym świecie
No full textAldo Nove ha debuttato nel campo della narrativa italiana nel 1996 con la raccolta dei racconti Woobinda e con Il mondo dell’amore nell’antologia di Daniele Brolli intitolata Gioventu Cannibale. Grazie a questi testi č diventato conosciuto sulla penisola appenninica, insieme ad altri scrittori di quel periodo, che la critica annoverava tra i rappresentanti del nuovo genere letterario “pulp”. In questo lavoro sarŕ effettuata l’analisi delle due opere dello scrittore – Anteprima mondiale del 2016 e Amore mio infinito del 2000 relativa alla sua maniera con cui denunciava il processo della globalizzazione attraverso i nomi dei prodotti presenti nella sua narrativa. Con quel suo originale approccio, l’autore italiano riesce a dimostrare dei cambiamenti nel campo di comunicazione di massa in Italia ed enfatizzare la presenza dell’italianitŕ nel mondo sempre piů dominato dai media.Aldo Nove has debuted in the field of Italian narrative in 1996 by publishing the collection of stories Woobinda and the short story Il mondo dell’amore in Daniele Brolli’s anthology entitled Gioventu Cannibale. Thanks to those texts he became known at the Apennine Peninsula, as well as other writers of this period, who were included by the critic among representatives of a new literary genre, “pulp”. In this research there will be examined two pieces of the Italian writer – Anteprima mondiale (2016) and Amore mio infinito (2000) in order to show the manner by which the author presents the globalisation process using the products names in his narration. By this original approach Nove demonstrates the changes in the field of mass communication in Italy and he emphasizes the presence of the Italianity in the dominated by media world
A Letter of Daniele Clario to the Archbishop of Dubrovnik about Epidaurus (1505)
No full textIzvijestit ću o dosad neuočenom pismu koje je iz Dubrovnika Daniele Clario poslao dubrovačkom nadbiskupu Giulianu Maffeiju. Prikazat ću što danas znamo o Clarijevu životu i radu, navesti osnovne podatke o osobama koje pismo povezuje i interpretirati renesansno-humanističke aspekte pisma. Clario, dubrovački učitelj i kancelar, brižljivo stiliziranim i podacima bogatim pismom nadbiskupu otkriva se kao humanist u službi Dubrovačke Republike; pismo je, ujedno, dosad najduže i najambicioznije njegovo djelo za koje znamo.I describe, interpret, and publish a letter in Latin sent by Daniele Clario, a teacher and chancellor in Dubrovnik, to Giuliano Maffei, archbishop of Dubrovnik. The letter was sent from Dubrovnik, most probably to Rome, on 15 October 1505. It is preserved in autograph as part of a manuscript codex in the Vatican Library, Ott. lat. 707 (ff. 234–239; a digital facsimile of the codex is accessible on the Internet).
Daniele Clario was born in Parma around 1457. From 1485 to 1505 he was a teacher at the Dubrovnik communal school; from 1505 to 1522 he served as chancellor and notary of the Republic of Dubrovnik. His will was composed in 1517 and opened on 6 October 1523, a day after his death.
The history of Dubrovnik remembers Clario as the addressee of several letters by Aldo Manuzio, four of them printed in Manuzio’s editions of Aristophanes (1498), Poetae Christiani veteres I (1501) and II (1502), Demosthenes and Libanius (1504). Clario sent four private letters to Manuzio (two in 1500, one undated, one in 1510); the 1510 letter indicates that Clario functioned as Manuzio’s commercial agent in Dubrovnik.
I present an overview of research on Clario from 1791 to 2017. A number of scholars, especially Nolhac (1888), Jireček (1897, 1903) and Torbarina (1931), published valuable information about and interpretations of Clario and his activity. However, nowhere was the teacher from Parma the main topic of research.
The recipient of Clario’s letter, Giuliano Maffei from Volterra (1434–1510), became the archbishop of Dubrovnik in March or April 1505. He never visited his archdiocese. The letter refers to Sigismondo de’ Conti from Foligno (1432–1512), who appreciated the style of Clario’s previous letter, written in the name of the Dubrovnik Senate; de’ Conti was the secretary of Pope Julius II. The other person mentioned (but not named) in the letter as Clario’s colleague must have been Girolamo Sfondrati, chancellor of Dubrovnik 1494–1525.
Clario’s letter to Maffei from October 1505 answers the archbishop’s question put forward in a letter from September 1505 on the relationship between Dubrovnik and ancient Epidaurus and Aesculapius. Clario claims that there were three cities named Epidaurus: two in the Peloponnese, the third in Illyricum. From one of the Peloponnesian Epidauruses originated the Aesculapian snake that was brought to Rome during a plague epidemic. The Illyrian Epidaurus is in Clario’s days called Cavtat, or Old Ragusa. Clario briefly describes the city’s sights and traces of antiquity, mentioning arches, tombs, caves (especially Šipun Cave, although Clario does not mention its name), the aqueduct (in Konavle), the old building material used as landfill, and the port.
Sources for knowledge about antiquity used in Clario’s letter are ancient lives of Demosthenes (published by Manuzio in 1504), Ptolemaeus, Pliny’s Natural History, Jerome’s Life of Hilarion, Lucan (in Lucan 2, 624 Clario reads Epidaurus in undas, a reading attractive to the local Dalmatian tradition, but rejected by Sulpicio da Veroli in 1493 and later by Josse Bade in 1506), Virgil (georg. 1, 59 is an example of uncertainty about ancient locations) and of Servius, Macrobius and Fulgentius, Valerius Maximus, Stephanos of Byzantium (published in Greek by Manuzio in 1502), Eusebius of Caesarea, Frontinus, Herodotus. Clario might have found this knowledge in secondary sources, in reference works composed by humanists: Mancinelli’s commentary on the Georgics, Italia illustrata and Roma triumphans of Flavio Biondo, Supplementum Chronicarum by Giacomo Filippo Foresti of Bergamo, Calepinus, Tortelli’s De orthographia.
The letter is a contribution to the topic of the ancient past of Dubrovnik. Similar works by authors connected with Dubrovnik came mostly later: the epic De Epidauro by Ilija Crijević (between 1504 and March 1506) and Crijević’s funeral orations for Junije Sorkočević (1509), for Orsat Gučetić (1514); a speech attributed to the archbishop of Durrës, Pal Engjëlli, in De vita et gestis Scanderbegi by Marino Barlezio (1508–1510); a description of Dubrovnik in De situ orae Illyrici by Palladio Fosco (before 1509, published in 1540); and the Commentariolus de origine et incremento urbis Rhacusanae (1520–1525) by Ludovik Crijević Tubero. Prior to Clario’s letter, but in his lifetime, the connection of Dubrovnik and Epidaurus was stated only in general reference works by Tortelli (1471), Calepinus (1502), and Foresti (1485, revised edition 1503). Clario refutes local claims made two generations earlier (around 1440), by Nicolaus de la Ciria and Philippus de Diversis, that Aesculapius comes from the Epidaurus near Dubrovnik. These claims were previously rejected by the pilgrim Felix Fabri (Evagatorium, finished in 1483 but published only in 1843–1849) and, implicitly, by the historian Marcantonio Sabellico (Enneades ab orbe condito, 1498). Clario’s refutation is the first written by an author active in Dubrovnik. Knowledge collected by Clario is encountered also in some of the later works mentioned above (by Manuzio, Ilija Crijević, Palladio Fosco, and Ludovik Crijević Tubero).
Clario’s letter is written in the careful and cultivated style of Renaissance humanism. It uses uncommon Latin metaphors which suggest intensive study
of Cicero, Quintilian, Persius, Apuleius, Sallust, Pliny the Younger, Tacitus, and Lucan – but also familiarity with contemporary authors (Clario makes linguistic choices similar to Manetti’s, Boccaccio’s, Beroaldo’s) and thesauri (Perotti’s Cornucopiae). Clario demonstrates his competence in Greek, citing Homer and Stephanus in original, but also adapting a Homeric expression. The chancellor formulated the important messages of the letter – an invitation to the new archbishop to come to Dubrovnik, joined to a presentation of its patriciate as a pious and cultured elite – in complex Latin periodic sentences.
The letter is thus, in its content and in its form, simultaneously a private exchange between Renaissance humanists and a move by the city-state in the
political game of self-definition and self-presentation
A Letter of Daniele Clario to the Archbishop of Dubrovnik about Epidaurus (1505)
No full textIzvijestit ću o dosad neuočenom pismu koje je iz Dubrovnika Daniele Clario poslao dubrovačkom nadbiskupu Giulianu Maffeiju. Prikazat ću što danas znamo o Clarijevu životu i radu, navesti osnovne podatke o osobama koje pismo povezuje i interpretirati renesansno-humanističke aspekte pisma. Clario, dubrovački učitelj i kancelar, brižljivo stiliziranim i podacima bogatim pismom nadbiskupu otkriva se kao humanist u službi Dubrovačke Republike; pismo je, ujedno, dosad najduže i najambicioznije njegovo djelo za koje znamo.I describe, interpret, and publish a letter in Latin sent by Daniele Clario, a teacher and chancellor in Dubrovnik, to Giuliano Maffei, archbishop of Dubrovnik. The letter was sent from Dubrovnik, most probably to Rome, on 15 October 1505. It is preserved in autograph as part of a manuscript codex in the Vatican Library, Ott. lat. 707 (ff. 234–239; a digital facsimile of the codex is accessible on the Internet).
Daniele Clario was born in Parma around 1457. From 1485 to 1505 he was a teacher at the Dubrovnik communal school; from 1505 to 1522 he served as chancellor and notary of the Republic of Dubrovnik. His will was composed in 1517 and opened on 6 October 1523, a day after his death.
The history of Dubrovnik remembers Clario as the addressee of several letters by Aldo Manuzio, four of them printed in Manuzio’s editions of Aristophanes (1498), Poetae Christiani veteres I (1501) and II (1502), Demosthenes and Libanius (1504). Clario sent four private letters to Manuzio (two in 1500, one undated, one in 1510); the 1510 letter indicates that Clario functioned as Manuzio’s commercial agent in Dubrovnik.
I present an overview of research on Clario from 1791 to 2017. A number of scholars, especially Nolhac (1888), Jireček (1897, 1903) and Torbarina (1931), published valuable information about and interpretations of Clario and his activity. However, nowhere was the teacher from Parma the main topic of research.
The recipient of Clario’s letter, Giuliano Maffei from Volterra (1434–1510), became the archbishop of Dubrovnik in March or April 1505. He never visited his archdiocese. The letter refers to Sigismondo de’ Conti from Foligno (1432–1512), who appreciated the style of Clario’s previous letter, written in the name of the Dubrovnik Senate; de’ Conti was the secretary of Pope Julius II. The other person mentioned (but not named) in the letter as Clario’s colleague must have been Girolamo Sfondrati, chancellor of Dubrovnik 1494–1525.
Clario’s letter to Maffei from October 1505 answers the archbishop’s question put forward in a letter from September 1505 on the relationship between Dubrovnik and ancient Epidaurus and Aesculapius. Clario claims that there were three cities named Epidaurus: two in the Peloponnese, the third in Illyricum. From one of the Peloponnesian Epidauruses originated the Aesculapian snake that was brought to Rome during a plague epidemic. The Illyrian Epidaurus is in Clario’s days called Cavtat, or Old Ragusa. Clario briefly describes the city’s sights and traces of antiquity, mentioning arches, tombs, caves (especially Šipun Cave, although Clario does not mention its name), the aqueduct (in Konavle), the old building material used as landfill, and the port.
Sources for knowledge about antiquity used in Clario’s letter are ancient lives of Demosthenes (published by Manuzio in 1504), Ptolemaeus, Pliny’s Natural History, Jerome’s Life of Hilarion, Lucan (in Lucan 2, 624 Clario reads Epidaurus in undas, a reading attractive to the local Dalmatian tradition, but rejected by Sulpicio da Veroli in 1493 and later by Josse Bade in 1506), Virgil (georg. 1, 59 is an example of uncertainty about ancient locations) and of Servius, Macrobius and Fulgentius, Valerius Maximus, Stephanos of Byzantium (published in Greek by Manuzio in 1502), Eusebius of Caesarea, Frontinus, Herodotus. Clario might have found this knowledge in secondary sources, in reference works composed by humanists: Mancinelli’s commentary on the Georgics, Italia illustrata and Roma triumphans of Flavio Biondo, Supplementum Chronicarum by Giacomo Filippo Foresti of Bergamo, Calepinus, Tortelli’s De orthographia.
The letter is a contribution to the topic of the ancient past of Dubrovnik. Similar works by authors connected with Dubrovnik came mostly later: the epic De Epidauro by Ilija Crijević (between 1504 and March 1506) and Crijević’s funeral orations for Junije Sorkočević (1509), for Orsat Gučetić (1514); a speech attributed to the archbishop of Durrës, Pal Engjëlli, in De vita et gestis Scanderbegi by Marino Barlezio (1508–1510); a description of Dubrovnik in De situ orae Illyrici by Palladio Fosco (before 1509, published in 1540); and the Commentariolus de origine et incremento urbis Rhacusanae (1520–1525) by Ludovik Crijević Tubero. Prior to Clario’s letter, but in his lifetime, the connection of Dubrovnik and Epidaurus was stated only in general reference works by Tortelli (1471), Calepinus (1502), and Foresti (1485, revised edition 1503). Clario refutes local claims made two generations earlier (around 1440), by Nicolaus de la Ciria and Philippus de Diversis, that Aesculapius comes from the Epidaurus near Dubrovnik. These claims were previously rejected by the pilgrim Felix Fabri (Evagatorium, finished in 1483 but published only in 1843–1849) and, implicitly, by the historian Marcantonio Sabellico (Enneades ab orbe condito, 1498). Clario’s refutation is the first written by an author active in Dubrovnik. Knowledge collected by Clario is encountered also in some of the later works mentioned above (by Manuzio, Ilija Crijević, Palladio Fosco, and Ludovik Crijević Tubero).
Clario’s letter is written in the careful and cultivated style of Renaissance humanism. It uses uncommon Latin metaphors which suggest intensive study
of Cicero, Quintilian, Persius, Apuleius, Sallust, Pliny the Younger, Tacitus, and Lucan – but also familiarity with contemporary authors (Clario makes linguistic choices similar to Manetti’s, Boccaccio’s, Beroaldo’s) and thesauri (Perotti’s Cornucopiae). Clario demonstrates his competence in Greek, citing Homer and Stephanus in original, but also adapting a Homeric expression. The chancellor formulated the important messages of the letter – an invitation to the new archbishop to come to Dubrovnik, joined to a presentation of its patriciate as a pious and cultured elite – in complex Latin periodic sentences.
The letter is thus, in its content and in its form, simultaneously a private exchange between Renaissance humanists and a move by the city-state in the
political game of self-definition and self-presentation
