151 research outputs found
Interview with Ellen Gruber Garvey
No full textEllen Gruber Garvey is the author of Writing with Scissors: American Scrapbooks from the Civil War to the Harlem Renaissance (Oxford University Press, 2013). She was a Visiting Professor at Université Paris 13 in November 2013. She teaches at New Jersey City University. She was interviewed by Claire Parfait (Université Paris 13) on November 26, 2013. Claire Parfait: What gave you the idea to start working on scrapbooks? Ellen Gruber Garvey: I had looked at children’s scrapbooks, where childre..
Secret diplomacy: the practice of back channel diplomacy by liberal democratic states
No full textIn January 1919, in the Paris Peace Conference, US President Woodrow Wilson stated that diplomacy ought to be: “Open covenants of peace, openly arrived at, after which there shall be no private international understandings of any kind but diplomacy shall proceed always frankly and in the public view.” Due to the idea that diplomatic and foreign policy intrigues had led to the Great War of 1914-18, the call for transparency seemed the ultimate solution. Since then, secret diplomacy has been the object of controversy and a contradiction to the principles of liberal democracy. As the title indicates, this dissertation will focus on the practice of secret diplomacy by liberal democracies. This is a practice that has been condemned, and this dissertation is designed to use illustrations and analysis of secret diplomatic documents in order to investigate the following questions. Do liberal democracies still practice secret diplomacy? And, if they do, is such a practice justified in a democracy? Why is secret diplomacy still an object of debate for democracies? And, can secret diplomacy survive in this Information Age? Most of the illustrations will be drawn from two Western liberal democracies: France and the United States. The main challenge facing an academic researcher in studying secret diplomacy is the fact that a lot of diplomatic documents are not necessarily available or classified. Facing this challenge, this study will investigate how much evidence can be found by exploring the released documents and diplomatic archives. The significance of this study is two-fold. First, the plan is to redefine the concept of secret diplomacy within the parameters of international relations. It is important for the understanding of international relations and global governance to explore the practice of secret diplomacy. Then, the study will explore secret diplomatic cases from different point in time to provide the answers to the above questions. Another value of this investigation is based on the fact that the analysis brings Anglo/American/French studies into one place, and provides evidence to fill the gaps in the official story of those events. One needs to understand that open diplomacy only represents the “tip of the diplomatic iceberg.” The other side of the diplomatic iceberg is beneath the surface and under the “waters of international relations.”Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Nick Parfait Momengo
Evaluation of the parfait blanket concept for fast breeder reactors
No full text"January 1974."Also issued as a Ph. D. thesis by the first author and supervised by the second and third author, MIT, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 1974Includes bibliographical references (pages 261-264)An evaluation of the neutronic, thermal-hydraulic, mechanical and economic characteristics of fast breeder reactor configurations containing an internal blanket has been performed. This design, called the parfait blanket concept, employs a layer of axial blanket fuel pellets at the core midplane in the fuel pins of the inner enrichment zone; otherwise, the design is the same as that of the conventional LMFBR's to which the parfait configuration was compared. Two significant advantages were identified for the parfait blanket concept relative to the conventional design. First, the parfait configuration has a 25% smaller peak fast flux which reduces wrapper tube dilation by 37% and fuel element elongation by 29%; and second, axial and radial flux flattening contribute to a 7. 6% reduction in the peak fuel burnup. Both characteristics significantly diminish the problems of fuel and metal swelling. Other advantages identified for a typical parfait design include: a 25% reduction in the burnup reactivity swing, which reduces control rod requirements; a 7% greater overpower operating margin; an increased breeding ratio, which offsets the disadvantage of a higher critical mass; and more favorable sodium voiding characteristics which counteract the disadvantage of an 8% smaller power Doppler coefficient. All other characteristics investigated were found to differ insignificantly or slightly favor the parfait design.U.S. Atomic Energy Commission contract AT(11-1)-225
Traité de l’historien parfait (Shitong)
No full textOuvrage unique en son genre, car il nous ouvre les portes de l’atelier de l’historien chinois du Moyen Âge, le Traité de l’historien parfait (Shitong) fut composé sous la dynastie des Tang (618‑907) par un professionnel de l’histoire, employé de l’État impérial, le lettré Liu Zhiji (661‑721). Afin de réaliser son traité, à la fois théorique et pratique, l’auteur s’est appuyé sur plus de trois cents textes historiques dont beaucoup ont été depuis perdus.The Generalities on History (Shitong) is a unique work, because it opens the doors to a workshop that belonged to a Chinese historian of the Middle Ages. It was written under the Tang dynasty (618‑907) by a professional historian working for the Imperial State and a member of the literati, Liu Zhiji (661‑721). To write his treatise, which is at the same time theoretical and practical, the author relied on more than three hundred historical texts many of which were subsequently lost
Le parfait cuisinier; ou, Le bréviaire des gourmands, contenant les recettes les plus nouvelles dans l'art de la cuisine, et de nouveaux procédés propres à porter cet art à sa dernière perfection.
No full textA.T. Raimbault and Borel are pseudonyms of the author."Le cuisinier étranger, pour faire suite au Parfait cuisinier ... Par un gastronome cosmopolite," 60 p., has special t.-p.Mode of access: Internet
Book of the Month: Matt Haig’s The Midnight Library
No full textAuthor: Nick Kelson-Packer Weber State University Our book of the month recommendation is Matt Haig’s novel The Midnight Library. Imagine slipping into a parallel world where instead of getting that chocolate sundae at your local ice cream parlor, you instead opted for a parfait somewhere else. This choice then led you to meet someone new, someone who invites you to join them in exotic, overseas adventures. That is the premise of Matt Haig’s new book, The Midnight Library. Matt Haig is a reno..
Le parfait cuisinier; ou, Le bréviaire des gourmands, contenant les recettes les plus nouvelles dans l'art de la cuisine, et de nouveaux procédés propres à porter cel art à sa dernière perfection.
No full textA.T. Raimbault and Borel are pseudonyms of the author."Le cuisinier étranger, pour faire suite au Parfait cuisinier ... Par un gastronome cosmopolite," p. [267]-318, and "Le patissier royal ... nouvelle éd. ... Par M. R....., patissier et homme de bouche [pseud.]" p. [319]-377, each has special t.-p.Mode of access: Internet
L’antériorité au passé en français : concurrence entre le plus-que-parfait et le passé composé. Enquête en contexte tchèque
No full textLe présent article propose d’explorer l’expression de l’antériorité au passé en français telle qu’elle est perçue par les étudiants de français tchèques. À l’aide d’un questionnaire, nous avons observé comment les étudiants choisissaient entre le plus-que-parfait et le passé composé dans des phrases à deux propositions présentant la constante suivante : un passé composé dans la première proposition suivi d’un événement antérieur exprimé par un verbe conjugué au plus-que-parfait (suite PC - PQP) ou au passé composé (suite de deux PC), plus rarement à un autre temps verbal. Nous montrons que les étudiants ne sont pas équipés des connaissances adéquates pour résoudre ce type de problème, car même dans les grammaires de référence les explications nécessaires se révèlent absentes. Quelques facteurs influençant les réponses obtenues se dégagent toutefois : le caractère révolu ou d’actualité de l’événement, le degré de connaissance du contexte ou d’effort interprétatif, le type de discours. Cette problématique est envisagée de façon contrastive franco-tchèque. Non seulement les deux langues disposent de systèmes de temps verbaux difficilement comparables, mais la perception même de la nécessité de signaler l’antériorité par un moyen quelconque diffère entre les locuteurs de chacune des langues.This article explores how anteriority is expressed in past tenses in French. The author observed the difficulties encountered by native Czech speakers studying French expressing anteriority. Through a questionnaire the author identified the mistakes Czech speakers make using plus-que-parfait (PQP) or passé composé (PC) (the analyzed sentences correspond to the order of the PC in the first sentence, PQP or PC in the second sentence). This article also indicates that students do not gain adequate knowledge because reference grammar books do not provide clear instructions on how to choose between competing tenses nor examples of when to use passé composé. Nevertheless some factors influencing the given answers have been identified and must be taken into account: the current or past nature of the event, the knowledge of context interpretative skills or type of discourse. Our other approach is contrastive: we compare the French and Czech language systems, both of which being very different
A rational approximation to the evolution of a free surface during fluid withdrawal through a point sink
No full textThe time varying flow in which fluid is withdrawn from a reservoir through a point sink of variable strength beneath a free surface is considered. Asymptotic techniques are used to derive an approximate solution to the flow that is valid at intermediate times, giving a simple rational approximation to track changes in the free surface for any temporal variations in the sink strength. Comparisons with numerical simulations are given, showing that the approximation has wide applicability
Reversion Réversion de la résistance bactérienne de Crateva adansonii (Capparidaceae) sur les souches de bactéries isolées des plaies chroniques diagnostiquées dans la commune de Ouinhi au Bénin
No full textAntibiotic resistance has become a significant public health problem worldwide, making treating bacterial infections more difficult and increasing the risk of serious complications. New molecules are, therefore, urgently needed to control the surge in antibiotic resistance. The present study aimed to investigate the reversion of bacterial resistance to the aqueous mixture of Crateva adansonii in combination with conventional antibiotics (ATB) in bacterial strains isolated from chronic wounds diagnosed in the Ouinhi population in Benin. To achieve this, strains were tested for susceptibility to conventional antibiotics using the solid-state antibiotic susceptibility test method, followed by the determination of the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) of both conventional antibiotics and the aqueous mixture of C. adansonii using the colourimetric plate microdilution method. Finally, bacterial resistance reversion was investigated based on the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC), defined by the ratio of FIC (Extract + ATB) to FIC ATB. The results of the various tests show that the reversion of bacterial resistance resulted in a synergistic action of the binary Extract-ATB mixture with Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) ˂ 0.5 in contact with the various bacterial strains tested for all associated conventional antibiotics (amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, gentamicin and ampicillin). The MIC values of the mixture obtained were in the range of 3.0516.10-5 mg.mL-1 ≤ MIC (Extract-ATB) ≤ 0.5 mg.mL-1. C. adansonii could well be one of the solutions to the problem of treating chronic wounds in Benin and worldwide.L'antibiorésistance est devenue un problème de santé publique majeur dans le monde entier, car elle rend le traitement des infections bactériennes plus difficile et augmente le risque de complications graves. Il urge donc de trouver de nouvelles molécules pour contrôler la flambée des résistances aux antibiotiques. C’est ainsi que la présente recherche s’est intéressée à étudier la réversion de la résistance bactérienne de l’extrait aqueux de Crateva adansonii en association avec les antibiotiques conventionnels sur les souches bactériennes isolées des plaies chroniques diagnostiquées chez les populations de Ouinhi au Bénin. Pour y parvenir, des tests de sensibilités des souches aux antibiotiques conventionnels par la méthode de l'antibiogramme en milieu solide ont été effectués suivie de la détermination des Concentrations Minimales Inhibitrices aussi bien des antibiotiques conventionnels que de l’extrait aqueux de C. adansonii par la méthode colorimétrique de microdilution en plaque. Enfin, la réversion de la résistance bactérienne a été recherchée en se basant sur la Concentration Fractionnaire Inhibitrice. Les résultats des différents tests montrent que la réversion de la résistance bactérienne s’est traduite par une synergie d’action du mélange binaire Extrait-antibiotique avec une Concentration Fractionnaire Inhibitrice (CFI) ˂ 0,5 au contact des différentes souches bactériennes testées pour tous les antibiotiques conventionnels associés (amoxicilline, ciprofloxacine, triméthoprime-sulfaméthoxazole, gentamicine et ampicilline). Les valeurs de la Concentration Minimale Inhibitrice du mélange obtenu sont comprises dans l’intervalle : 3,0516.10-5 mg.mL-1 ≤ CMI (Extrait-ATB) ≤ 0,5 mg.mL-1. C. adansonii pourrait bien être l’une des solutions pour palier au problème de traitement des plaies chroniques au Bénin et dans le monde
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