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    Optimal allocation of electric vehicle charging stations in a highway network: Part 2. The Italian case study

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    After introducing the methodology in the first part of the article, in this Part 2 the algorithm is applied to calculate and identify the optimal positions of the charging stations for electric vehicles in the Italian highway network. The main objective is to map the infrastructural needs of the country using the information acquired from the most recent data base. The results can also be used to facilitate the application of the Directive on the Deployment of Alternative Fuels Infrastructure. In the paper the market for electric vehicles circulating in Italy is initially analyzed and, after applying an appropriate filtering, the algorithm input variables relating to the vehicle system (vehicle autonomy and energy of the battery pack) are identified. For this purpose, both the registration data and the technical characteristics provided by the manufacturers have been used. Subsequently the road system (the flow of vehicles with related indicators), the infrastructures (the number of sockets and the charging station power), and driver behavior (range anxiety) are considered. The results show a map of candidate points to allocate the charging stations divided by region. After having sized and placed the charging infrastructures with different planning scenario, some future projections are also introduced

    Exergy recovery during LNG regasification: Electric energy production - Part one

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    In LNG regasification facilities, for exergy recovery during regasification, an option could be the production of electric energy recovering the energy available as cold. The authors propose an innovative process which uses a cryogenic stream of LNG during regasification as a cold source in an improved CHP plant (combined heat and power). Considering the LNG regasification projects in progress all over the World, an appropriate design option could be based on a modular unit having a mean regasification capacity of 2 109 standard m3/yr. This paper deals with an outlook of LNG trading now expanding in the World and gives a concise state of the art with a review of technology seeming that proposed. Then an innovative CHP plant and results pertaining the selection of working fluids, made with an optimization analysis, are presented

    CHP plants for production of electrical energy during regasification of LNG recovering exergy of cold.

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    The tranport of natural gas by pipeline from gas fiel tothe town or industrial sites in most case is impossible, so there is need to transport LNG by ship. At the terminal of arrival a regasification process of LNG, which is liquefied near well-head, returns it back to gas state before its transport in the pipelinenetwork. This paper deals with the results of feasibility studies on ventures based on an appropriate thermo-economic analysis of improved cycles (CHP Cycles: the top Cycle is a convevtional Gas Turbine open Cycle fed by natural gas and the bottom Cycle is an improved Gas Turbine closed cycle working with Helium or Nitrogen gas). The analysis shows the convenience and the profitability of the processes proposed. A careful analysis of the technology involved was also performed, this last is based on cryogenic equipement of improved design used in the regasification process

    Exergy recovery during LNG regasification: Electric energy production - Part two

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    In liquefied natural gas (LNG) regasification facilities, for exergy recovery during regasification, an option could be the production of electric energy recovering the energy available as cold. In a previous paper, the authors propose an innovative process which uses a cryogenic stream of LNG during regasification as a cold source in an improved combined heat and power (CHP) plant. Considering the LNG regasification projects in progress all over the World, an appropriate design option could be based on a modular unit having a mean regasification capacity of 2 × 109 standard cubic meters/year. This paper deals with the results of feasibility studies, developed by the authors at DREAM in the context of a research program, on ventures based on thermodynamic and economic analysis of improved CHP cycles and related innovative technology which demonstrate the suitability of the proposal
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