1,721,068 research outputs found
Il ruolo delle Cancer Stem Cell nel carcinoma orale a cellule squamose
Full text linkIl carcinoma a cellule squamose della regione testa collo presenta un elevato tasso di mortalità, a
causa dell’elevato tasso di recidive e della elevata resistenza ai comuni protocolli chemio e radio
terapici. Queste caratteristiche sarebbero attribuibili ad una sottopopolazione di cellule
indifferenziate, presente all’interno del tumore, definita Cancer Stem Cell (CSC), che sembrano
essere in grado di andare incontro a differenziamento ed autorinnovamento, risultando responsabili
dell’elevata invasività e della capacità metastatica.
Il mio obiettivo è stato quello di cercare un marker specifico per l’identificazione di questa
sottopopolazione all’interno del carcinoma a cellule squamose della regione testa collo, utilizzando
marker putativi di cellule staminali come CD133 e CD44.I risultati hanno mostrato una significativa
sovraregolazione dei marker putativi delle cellule staminali in tumori formati da popolazioni
arricchite di CSC in confronto con tumori osservati dopo l’iniezione di cellule parentali, sia nei livelli
di RNA che proteici, e in questo studio, sia i livelli di CD133 e CD44 sono risultati aumentati nel
carcinoma, quindi potrebbero essere utilizzati nella diagnosi del carcinoma della regione testa collo,
ma sono necessari ulteriori studi in vivo con una casistica più ampia per poterlo affermar
COVID-19: a global health system unfit for purpose
No full textThe COVID-19 pandemic has exposed critical weaknesses in global health systems, highlighting deep-rooted socioeconomic disparities and systemic vulnerabilities. Lower-income communities, particularly ethnic minorities, faced dispro-portionately higher infection and mortality rates due to overcrowding, limited healthcare access, and occupational expo-sure. Additionally, resource-limited settings and conflict-affected regions, such as Syria, encountered severe challenges in managing the pandemic due to fragile healthcare infrastructures. The pandemic also emphasized the role of community-driven interventions and the necessity of equitable healthcare policies. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from peer-reviewed studies, policy reports, and public health data to examine the interplay between socioeconomic disparities, healthcare accessibility, and pandemic outcomes. A systematic search of relevant literature was conducted to identify key factors contributing to health inequities during COVID-19, with a focus on healthcare workforce shortages, international migration, and the effectiveness of preventative measures. Findings indicate that lower-income populations experienced higher morbidity and mortality rates due to structural inequities in healthcare access and social determinants of health. The global shortage of healthcare workers, exacerbated by international migration, further strained health systems, particularly in low-resource settings. In conflict-affected regions, fragile healthcare infrastructures struggled to contain the virus. Community-driven interventions, including vaccination campaigns and localized public health initiatives, played a critical role in mitigating disease spread. However, systemic barriers persist, limiting the effectiveness of these mea-sures. Addressing global health inequities requires a multifaceted approach that integrates economic policies, healthcare reforms, and international collaboration. Strengthening primary care, investing in healthcare workforce retention, and re-ducing socioeconomic disparities are essential for building resilient health systems. The pandemic underscores the urgent need for structural reforms to enhance global pandemic preparedness and promote equitable health outcomes worldwide
Evaluation of periodontal indices among non-smokers, tobacco, and e-cigarette smokers: a systematic review and network meta-analysis
No full textOBJECTIVES: The detrimental effect of tobacco smoking on periodontal health is well known, while the effect of electronic cigarette on periodontal parameters has been less investigated. The aim of the present systematic review was to compare periodontal indices in three categories of patients: traditional cigarette smokers (TS), e-cigarette smokers (ES), and non-smokers (NS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: An electronic search was conducted for studies published until December 2021 on MEDLINE (PubMed), ISI Web of Science, and Scopus. A hand search was additionally conducted. Clinical observational and cross-sectional trials investigating periodontal indices among tobacco smokers (TS), electronic cigarette smokers (ES) and non-smokers (NS) were included and selected by 2 independent reviewers. Data on probing depth (PD), plaque index (PI), and bleeding on probing (BOP) were collected. The risk of bias was evaluated according to the NIH quality assessment tool and a network meta-analysis (NMA) was undertaken. RESULTS: Five relevant studies, from 707 identified, were included. Overall, 512 patients were included, of them 170 were NS, 176 were TS, and 166 were ES. A significant difference in the comparison among TS vs NS: effect size (ES) = 3.297 (95%CI: [2.142–4.454], p = 0.001) and TS and ES ES = 2.507 (95%CI: [1.351–3.663], p = 0.001) was identified for PD. A significant difference in the comparison among TS and NS, ES = 21.34 (95%CI: [13.41–29.27], p = 0.001) and between TS and ES ES = 15.67 (95%CI: [7.73–23.62], p = 0.001) was identified for PI. The analysis of BOP values shows a significant difference in the comparison among ES and NS: ES = − 16.22 (95%CI: [− 22.85 to − 9.59], p < 0.001) and between TS and NS: ES = − 14.47 (95%CI: [− 21.103 to − 7.848], p < 0.001). Based on the SUCRA ranking, NS showed the most favorable outcome for PD and PI, followed by ES. Tobacco smokers were clearly in the last position. Dealing with BoP ES showed the most favorable outcome, followed by TS. NS were in the last position. CONCLUSIONS: Periodontal parameters were similar among NS and ES, while TS presented the worst indices. BoP was reduced both in ES and in TS. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results of the present review suggest a reduced effect on periodontal tissue of e-cig smoking compared to traditional cigarettes, despite recent studies proved that e-cig smoking increases oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, change in pulmonary cellular behavior, and stimulates DNA injury
Osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from dental tissues: expression of integrins and cadherins in dental follicle stem cells (DFSCs)
No full text
Endodontic irrigants: Different methods to improve efficacy and related problems
No full textShaping and cleaning a root canal system along with the preservation of the surrounding periodontal tissues are the principal goals of an endodontic treatment. While most of the attention is paid to the mechanical aspects of a root canal treatment, an essential feature of it is the irrigation. All over the years, many materials have been used to clean the root canal of a tooth, and certainly, the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solutions are the most used and most reliable ones. Putting them inside of a canal is mostly done using a normal syringe, but many techniques have been involved in this process, including the use of sonic/ultrasonic instruments, the use of shaping files, and even laser, to increase the efficacy of irrigant solutions, especially of NaOCl one. Each one of this technique faces some disadvantages, just as the vapor lock effect and the apical extrusion, and has a different action on features such as the reaction rate and the shear stress of an endodontic irrigant solution. In this narrative review, we describe the different features of many irrigant solutions and the different ways of upgrading their efficacy in the cleaning of a root canal system, with the use of tables to summarize the entire description, and drawing the readers' attention to a photographic illustration for a better understanding of the topic
Idiopathic osteonecrosis of the mandible in a 49 healthy male patient: a rare and interesting case report
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