196,397 research outputs found
March CRF: an Efficient Test for Complex Read Faults in SRAM Memories
No full textIn this paper we study Complex Read Faults in SRAMs, a combination of various malfunctions that affect the read operation in nanoscale memories. All the memory elements involved in the read operation are studied, underlining the causes of the realistic faults concerning this operation. The requirements to cover these fault models are given. We show that the different causes of read failure are independent and may coexist in nanoscale SRAMs, summing their effects and provoking Complex Read Faults, CRFs. We show that the test methodology to cover this new read faults consists in test patterns that match the requirements to cover all the different simple read fault models. We propose a low complexity (?2N) test, March CRF, that covers effectively all the realistic Complex Read Fault
Minimizing Test Power in SRAM through Reduction of Pre-charge Activity
No full textIn this paper we analyze the test power of SRAM memories and demonstrate that the full functional pre-charge activity is not necessary during test mode because of the predictable addressing sequence. We exploit this observation in order to minimize power dissipation during test by eliminating the unnecessary power consumption associated with the pre-charge activity. This is achieved through a modified pre-charge control circuitry, exploiting the first degree of freedom of March tests, which allows choosing a specific addressing sequence. The efficiency of the proposed solution is validated through extensive Spice simulations
Reducing Power Dissipation in SRAM during Test
No full textIn this paper we analyze the power consumption of SRAM memories and demonstrate that the full functional pre-charge activity is not necessary during test because of the predictable addressing sequence. We exploit this observation in order to minimize power dissipation during test by eliminating the unnecessary power consumption associated with the pre-charge activity. This is achieved through a modified pre-charge control circuitry, exploiting the first degree of freedom of March tests, which permits to choose a specific addressing sequence. Further, the modified pre-charge logic allows also the switching between the normal functional mode and the low power test mode. We demonstrate that the modified pre-charge control circuitry has little or no effect on the memory performance. We analyze the sources of power consumption in functional and low power test mode, and we show how the power dissipation is computed for bit and word-oriented SRAMs. The efficiency of the proposed solution is validated through extensive Spice simulations for both bit-oriented and word-oriented SRAM
Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, 3rd Edition – Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management, R. Wyllie, J.S. Hyams, M. Kay, Saunders Elsevier (2006), 1340 pp., Price GBP 129, ISBN 10: 0721639240, ISBN 13: 9780721639246
No full textProtective effect of nifepidine on calcium toxicity by ionophore A 23187 in the perfused rat liver
No full textAortic and carotid Intima media thickness as marker of early atherosclerosis in pediatric rheumatic disease
No full textAORTIC AND CAROTID INTIMA MEDIA THICKNESS AND FLOW MEDIATED DILATION AS MARKERS OF EARLY ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN A COHORT OF PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES Del Giudice Emanuela1, Dilillo Anna1, Tromba Luciana2 , La Torre Giuseppe3 , Blasi Sara2, Conti Fabrizio4, Viola Franca1, Cucchiara Salvatore1, Duse Marzia 1 1 Department of Paediatrics and Infant Neuropsychiatry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy 2 Department of Surgical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy 3 Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy 4 Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy Keywords atherosclerosis, aortic intimal-medial thickness, carotid intimal-medial thickness, flow-mediated dilation, pediatric rheumatic diseases Key messages • Chronic inflammation appears to play a role in the development of atherosclerosis in rheumatic diseases • Subclinical atherosclerosis occurs in pediatric rheumatic diseases and aIMT might be an earlier marker Abstract Objectives The aims of this study were to identify the presence of endothelial dysfunction as marker of early atherosclerosis by measuring aortic and carotid intimal-medial thickness (aIMT and cIMT) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and their correlation with traditional and no traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis in children with rheumatic diseases. Methods 39 patients (mean age 15.3 +/- 5.7 years):23 Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis, 9 Juvenile Spondyloarthropathies, 7 connective tissue diseases (mean disease duration and onset respectively 5 ± 3.6 years and 10 ± 5 years) and 52 healthy children matched for sex and age were enrolled. Demographic data (age, sex, familiarity for cardiovascular disease), traditional risk factors for atherosclerosis (BMI, active and passive smoking, dyslipidemia), activity disease indexes (reactive count protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate) autoantibodies and complement tests were collected. aIMT, cIMT and FMD were assessed following a standardized protocol by high-resolution ultrasonography. Results Patients resulted significantly more exposed to passive smoking, and had lower BMI and higher homocysteine level than controls. cIMT and aIMT were significantly higher in patients than controls ( p <0.001) and correlated with age at diagnosis (p <0.001 r 0.516 and 0.706 respectively) but not with mean disease duration. FMD % was significantly reduced in patients vs controls (p<0.001). Conclusion. Subclinical atherosclerosis occurs in pediatric rheumatic diseases, mainly in early onset forms and aIMT is an earlier marker of preclinical atherosclerosis. Premature endothelial dysfunction could be included in the follow up of rheumatic children to plan prevention strategies of cardiovascular disease already in paediatrics
Enhancement of the bacterial activity of the xanthine-xanthine oxidase system against E. coli by subinhibitory concentrations of cefamandole
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