1,721,041 research outputs found
Extracts from wild edible herbs for controlling postharvest rots of fruit and vegetables
No full textThe use of natural compounds with antimicrobial activity may be a viable alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides to control pathogens attacking fresh fruit and vegetables during postharvest storage. This paper reports results on the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of total and fractionated phenolic extracts obtained from wild edible herbs [Borago officinalis, Orobanche crenata, Plantago coronopus, P. lanceolata, Sanguisorba minor, Silene vulgaris, Sonchus asper, S. oleraceas, and Taraxacum officinale) against some of the most important postharvest diseases: gray mold Botrytis cinerea), brown rot (Monilinia laxa), blue mold (Penicillium italicum, P. expansum), green mold (P. digitatum), and black mold (Aspergillus carbonarius, A. Niger). The extracts obtained from S. minor and O. crenata completely inhibited conidial germination of M. laxa, P. digitatum, P. italicum, and A. Niger and greatly reduced that of B. cinerea and P. expansum. The same extracts were tested in vivo on stone fruits (apricots, nectarines, and sweet cherries), oranges, and grapes with good results. Some phenolic compounds present in the extracts were identified as potential active components
Biochemical assessment of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) cultivars for processing
No full textEight cultivars of basil were screened for phenolic compounds, polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities. All cultivars showed the same phenolic pattern, but in some of them, different amounts of phenolic compounds were found. A reduction of phenolic content and of enzymatic activities was observed after two-month storage of the frozen product. The cv. 'Napoletano' (lettuce-leaf type) showed very low values of PPO and POD activities, which remain almost constant during the cold storage; therefore it is suggested for processing
BROWNINF PHENOMENA IN STORED ARTICHOKE (CYNARA SCOLYMUS L.) HEADS: ENZYMIC OR CHEMICAL REACTIONS?
No full textEffects of pre and postharvest chitosan treatments to control storage grey mould of table grapes
No full textImmunohistochemical evaluation of neuroreceptors in healthy and pathological temporo-mandibular joint
Full text linkAim: A study was performed on the articular disk and periarticular tissues of the temporo- mandibular joint (TMJ) with immunohistochemical techniques to give evidence to the presence of neuroreceptors (NRec) in these sites. Methods: The study was carried out on tissue samples obtained from 10 subjects without TMJ disease and from 7 patients with severe TMJ arthritis and arthrosis. We use antibodies directed against following antigens: Gliofibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), Leu-7, Myelin Basic Protein (MBP), Neurofilaments 68 kD (NF), Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE), S-100 protein (S-100) and Synaptophysin (SYN). Results: This study revealed that Ruffini's-like, Pacini's-like and Golgi's-like receptors can be demonstrated in TMJ periarticular tissues and that free nervous endings are present in the subsynovial tissues but not within the articular disk. We observed elongated cytoplamic processes of chondrocytes that demonstrated strong S-100 immunoreactivity but they were unreactive with all other antibodies. These cytoplamic processes were more abundant and thicker in the samples obtained from patients with disease TMJ. Conclusion: The results of this study confirm that different Nrec are detectable in TMJ periarticular tissues but they are absent within the articular disk. In the latter site, only condrocytic processes are evident, especially in diseased TMJ, and they might have been confused with nervous endings in previous morphological studies. Nevertheless the absence of immunoreactivity for NF, NSE and SYN proves that they are not of neural origin. © Ivyspring International Publisher
Activity of extracts from wild edible herbs against postharvest fungal diseases of fruit and vegetables
No full textThe use of plant extracts could be a useful alternative to synthetic fungicides in the management of rot fungi during postharvest handling of fruit and vegetables. The aim of this study was to assess the in vitro and in vivo activity of extracts obtained from nine wild edible herbaceous species (Borago officinalis, Orobanche crenata, Plantago coronopus, P. lanceolata, Sanguisorba minor, Silene vulgaris, Sonchus asper, Sonchus oleraceus, and Taraxacum officinale) against some important postharvest pathogens, i.e. Botrytis cinerea, Monilinia taxa, Penicillium digitatum, P. expansum, P. italicum, Aspergillus carbonarius, and A. niger. Phenolic composition of all extracts was evaluated by HPLC. Several derivatives of caffeic acid, of the flavones apigenin and luteolin, and of the flavonols kaempferol and quercetin, were identified. Extracts from S. minor and O. crenata showed the highest efficacy in all the trials. In particular, S. minor completely inhibited in vitro the conidial germination of M. laxa, P. digitatum, P. italicum, and A. niger and strongly reduced those of B. cinerea; O. crenata extract showed a lower but still significant reduction of conidial germination on all the tested fungi. Moreover, the extracts from both species were effective in reducing the germ tube elongation also when a slight inhibition of conidial germination was observed. In many cases, a dose effect was observed, with an increase of antifungal activity as the phenolic concentration increased. In trials performed on wounded fruit, S. minor extract completely inhibited brown rot on apricots and nectarines; O. crenata extract strongly reduced grey mould, brown rot, and green mould on table grapes, apricots and nectarines, and oranges, respectively. The inhibition efficacy of extracts was ascribed to the presence of some caffeic acid derivatives and/or flavonoids. HPLC phenolic analyses provided useful information to identify the possible active compounds. (C) 2011 Elsevier By. All rights reserved
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